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This document discusses identification of respiratory tract infections caused by Streptococcus spp, Corynebacterium diphteriae, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It describes the media, stains, and tests used to identify these bacteria, including blood agar, chocolate agar, gram stain, optochin test, and bacitracin test. The document focuses on identifying Streptococcus species and differentiating between them using characteristics such as hemolysis patterns (alpha, beta, gamma), optochin test, inulin test, and bile solubility test.
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Staphylococci and streptococci are common bacteria that can cause infections in humans. Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic staphylococcus that can cause infections on the skin or deeper tissues. It grows aerobically at 37°C and pH 7.4-7.6 on nutrient agar, blood agar, and mannitol salt agar. Virulence factors include toxins and enzymes like hyaluronidase which breaks down hyaluronic acid. Treatment involves antibiotics like cloxacillin or vancomycin for methicillin-resistant strains.
Streptococci are classified by Lancefield grouping based on cell wall carbohydrates and by hemolysis on blood agar
Staphylococcus aureus
This document discusses Staphylococcus aureus and methods for its laboratory diagnosis. It notes that S. aureus is commonly found in the nose and can cause infections, while S. epidermidis lives on the skin and S. saprophyticus in the vagina. Diagnosis involves collecting samples from infections and using gram staining, culturing, and biochemical tests like catalase, coagulase and novobiocin to identify the species. Rapid PCR tests are also now used to diagnose S. aureus.
My Research paper on biofilm
This study examined the differences in biofilm formation capabilities between vancomycin-resistant and ciprofloxacin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. Six S. aureus isolates from urine samples were tested for antibiotic resistance to vancomycin and ciprofloxacin. Two isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and three were resistant to vancomycin based on standard guidelines. A variety of assays were used to analyze biofilm formation, finding that ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates showed moderate biofilm formation, while vancomycin-resistant isolates showed strong biofilm formation. The study concluded that antibiotic-resistant S. aureus clinical isolates displayed differences in their ability to form biofilms.
Microbiological Aspects Of Diarrhoea
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Amoeba Notes 2014
This document summarizes information about the amoeba Entamoeba histolytica, including its life cycle, pathogenesis, and methods of diagnosis. It describes two stages - the trophozoite stage, which is invasive and feeds on red blood cells, and the cyst stage, which is the infective form passed in feces. Transmission occurs when mature cysts from contaminated food/water are ingested. In the small intestine, trophozoites are released from cysts and can invade the intestinal mucosa, causing amebic dysentery, or spread to other organs like the liver via the bloodstream. Diagnosis involves microscopy of stool samples to look for trophozoites and cysts or serological tests
Streptococcus species.pdf
Gram positive cocci
Arrangement : chains or pairs
Part of normal flora
Causes pathogenic infections also
Non spore forming
Non motile
Catalase negative
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF NLF BACTERIA IN VARIOUS SAMPLES.
IDENTIFICATION AND ISOLATION OF NON-LACTOSE FEREMNTING BACTERIA IN VARIOUS CLINICAL SAMPLES IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN INDIA, INCLUDE BIOCHEMICAL TEST BASE ON THEIR ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY AND GRAPHICAL PRESENTAION OF THEIR DISTRIBUTION ACCORDING TO SEX RATION , AGE GROUP, SAMPLE AND THEIR PROFILE.
Medical Microbiology Laboratory (biochemical tests - iii)
This document discusses various biochemical tests used to identify bacteria, including:
1. Enzymatic and metabolic pathway tests like carbohydrate fermentation and amino acid degradation.
2. Inhibitor profile tests using antibiotics like bacitracin, novobiocin, and vancomycin to differentiate bacterial species.
3. Other specific tests including growth in salt concentrations, optochin susceptibility, bile solubility, and the CAMP test.
The document provides details on procedures, interpretations, and applications of these biochemical tests for medical microbiology purposes.
Laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases dr.ihsan alsaimary
prof.dr.ihsan alsaimary -college of medicine - university of basrah -iraq
ihsanalsaimary@gmail.com
009647801410838
Laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases dr.ihsan alsaimary
This document discusses laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases. It covers proper collection and processing of clinical specimens, which is the most important aspect of laboratory medicine. Improper collection can lead to insufficient samples, contamination, or viability issues. The document also discusses microscopy, culture techniques, biochemical reactions, and molecular biology techniques used to detect, isolate, and identify pathogens from clinical specimens. Rapid diagnostic tests that are sensitive, specific, and provide rapid results are also highlighted.
Diagnosis of Staphylococcus aureus (Updated )
This document summarizes laboratory methods for diagnosing and characterizing Staphylococcus aureus infections. Specimens are collected from infected sites and examined microscopically and through culture-based and biochemical tests to identify S. aureus. Microscopic examination reveals gram-positive cocci arranged in clusters. On culture media, S. aureus forms large, golden-yellow colonies that cause beta-hemolysis. Biochemical tests such as catalase and coagulase are used to distinguish S. aureus from other staphylococci.
Medical Microbiology Laboratory (streptococcus spp.)
This document provides an overview of Streptococcus bacteria, including characteristics, diseases caused, taxonomy, and methods for identification. Key points include:
- Streptococcus is a genus of spherical, Gram-positive bacteria that grow in chains. It includes over 50 species that are part of normal oral flora but can also cause diseases.
- Major diseases caused by different Streptococcus species include pharyngitis, pneumonia, toxic shock syndrome, and neonatal infections.
- Identification involves examining colony morphology on blood agar plates, microscopic appearance, and biochemical tests like catalase, optochin, and bile esculin tests.
- Classification is based on carbohydrate antigens identified through Lancefield grouping
Bacteria Identification Tests.pdf
The document discusses various methods used to identify bacteria after isolation, including staining, motility testing, biochemical tests, serology, phage typing, identification discs, and automated systems. Staining is the first step and differentiates bacteria as gram positive or negative. Biochemical tests like catalase, oxidase, indole, citrate, and urease provide further information on bacterial metabolism. Serology detects antigens to identify bacteria like Salmonella and Vibrio cholerae. Phage typing uses bacteriophages to distinguish bacterial strains. Identification discs and automated systems can also identify bacteria and test antibiotic susceptibility.
BIOL 2420Identification of Streptococcus speciesLa
BIOL 2420
Identification of Streptococcus species
Lab Objectives
Learn how to collect clinical specimens
Watch videos in lab exercise
Learn major characteristics of Strep species
What are characteristics of a pathogenic species?
To learn how biochemical tests can help determine species
Identification of Streptococcus
Family Streptococcaceae
Gram +, cocci, typically di- or strepto-
Facultative anaerobes
BUT they like high carbon dioxide levels
Microbiota of the skin, respiratory tract, digestive tract and oral cavity
Potentially pathogenic species
Produce a variety of virulence factors: toxins, hemolysin, and hydrolytic enzymes
S pyogenes
S pneumoniae
Some have now been placed in Enterococci
Goal is to distinguish between them through a variety of biochemical tests
Science source
Identification of Streptococcus
Gamma-hemolysis – no hemolysis
Flikr
Beta-hemolysis – complete hemolysis
Wikipedia
Throat swabs on blood agar
Hemolysis:
Streptococcus are often grouped based on hemolytic reaction
They can be alpha, beta or gamma
Enterococci which are important medically are typically gamma
alpha-hemolysis – partial hemolysis
bacterinphotos
Throat swab will give mixed results
Preferably choose one colony that is either beta- or alpha- hemolytic
Hemolysis will determine what procedure you will perform today
Streak the colony on a new CNA plate (for isolation)
Identification of Streptococcus
Identification of Streptococcus
Columbia nalidixic acid agar (CNA)
Inhibition of G- growth
Naladixic acid (antibiotic)
Hemolysis
Streptococcus most likely be alpha- or beta-hemolytic
Enterococcus could be any of the three
Identification of Streptococcus
Perform a Gram stain
What should the result be?
To help ensure that only Streptoccocus/Enterococcus were grown…
Streak plate on Columbia nalidixic acid agar
Perform a catalase test
All Streptococci are negative
Make sure yours falls into this category
Catalase test
Enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide to water and bubbles (oxygen)
Streptococcus pyogenes
Enterococcus faecalis
Identification of Streptococcus
Gamma-hemolysis
Flikr
Beta-hemolysis
Wikipedia
alpha-hemolysis
bacterinphotos
Did you have alpha- or beta-hemolysis?
Test different antibiotics to help determine what species of Strep is present
Bacitracin –S.pyogenes is sensitive
Optochin – S. pneumoniae is sensitive
SXT – useful to ID Group C strep
Identification of Streptococcus
Bile esculin
Help differentiate Group D strep and enterococci
Selective – bile salt; inhibits the growth of G+ EXCEPT Group D/enterococci
Differential – esculin – when hydrolyzed will turn dark coffee brown
Salt resistance
Only enterococci will survive in 6.5% salt broth
Based on turbidity
+ turbid (growth)
- no growth
BIOL 2420
Identification of Streptococcus Species
Objectives:
To learn the characteristics of Streptococcus
To learn how clinical specimens are collected
To learn the uses of selective and diffe ...
Klebsiella+Proteus+Uti
The document discusses Klebsiella pneumoniae, a gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause various infections including pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and bloodstream infections. Laboratory diagnosis involves culturing samples on selective media and performing biochemical tests to identify the bacteria and determine antimicrobial susceptibility. Treatment typically involves beta-lactam antibiotics alone or in combination with beta-lactamase inhibitors, as many clinical isolates produce beta-lactamase enzymes rendering them resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins.
Streptococcusبكتريا عملي
This document discusses biochemical tests used to identify and differentiate streptococci species. It describes characteristics of streptococci and how they can be classified based on hemolytic patterns on blood agar and Lancefield grouping. Key differentiation tests discussed include the bacitracin test to identify Streptococcus pyogenes, the CAMP test for S. agalactiae, optochin susceptibility and bile solubility for S. pneumoniae versus viridans streptococci, and inulin fermentation. Biochemical reactions and test results are summarized to differentiate between common streptococci.
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04 infeksi saluran napas
- 1. INFEKSI SALURAN NAPAS DICKY BAGUS WIDHYATMOKO 25 – 26 MARET 2015 DEPARTEMEN MIKROBIOLOGI KLINIK, FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA
- 2. POKOK BAHASAN Streptococcus spp Corynebacterium diphteriae Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- 3. DISEDIAKAN Streptococcus : S. viridans S. pneumoniae S. pyogenes Corynebacterium spp M. tuberculosis Gram Stain Blood Agar Chocolate Agar Optochin Test Bacitracin test PAI medium Neisser Stain (AB, C) Ziehl-Neelsen Stain prepared slide
- 4. Identifikasi Streptococcus spp. Blood Agar Chocolate Agar Optochin Test Bacitracin test Zona hemolisis Antibiotic Sensitivity Test for Identification
- 5. First step Gram Stain always do gram stain before continuing to others test Catalase Test please learn from previous laboratory practice
- 6. Next Step : Hemolysis hemolysis hemolysis hemolysis
- 7. hemolysis partial / incomplete hemolysis reduction red blood cell hemoglobin methemoglobin in the medium surrounding the colony. The greenish color is caused by the presence of biliverdin, which is a by-product of the breakdown of hemoglobin e.g. S. pneumoniae, S. viridans groups
- 8. hemolysis Streptococcus viridans Streptococcus pneumoniae
- 9. hemolysis complete or true lysis of red blood cells clear zone, approaching the color and transparency of the base medium, surrounds the colony e.g. S. pyogenes
- 10. hemolysis Streptococcus pyogenes clear zone surround colony
- 11. hemolysis lack of hemolysis / non-hemolysis e.g. Enterococcus faecalis
- 12. hemolysis non hemolysis, Enterococcus faecalis
- 13. Hemolysis Resume taken from : http://iws2.collin.edu/dcain/
- 14. hemolysis how to differentiate between S. pneumoniae with S. viridans Using Optochin test Inulin Test Bile Solubility Test
- 15. Optochin Test Antibiotics Susceptibility Test Optochin also known as ethyl-hydro-cupreine To Differentiate between S. pneumoniae with S. viridans S > 14 mm : S. pneumoniae No zone inhibition : S. viridans
- 16. Optochin Test taken from http://arabslab.com S. pneumoniae Sensitive S. viridans groups no zone inhibition
- 17. Inulin Test To differentiate between Streptococcus pneumoniae with all others alpha-hemolytics streptococci pneumoniae hydrolize inulin
- 18. Bile Solubility Test Bile (sodium deoxycholate) Distinguishes S. pneumoniae from all others alpha-hemolytics streptococci Sodium deoxycholate (2% in water) will lyse the pneumococcal cell wall
- 20. for feedback mailto : me@dickybagus.my.id