This document summarizes a presentation on addressing challenges in application development. It discusses how business imperatives and technology opportunities present challenges and solutions. Modernizing enterprise IT and application delivery is key. COBOL programmers have an important role to play in modernization efforts, including refactoring legacy systems, integrating systems of record with new systems of engagement, and extracting reusable business rules. With investments in skills and tools, COBOL can remain relevant in heterogeneous, modern systems that integrate multiple programming languages.