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Crop physiology deals with the study of how crop plants develop, grow, and respond to their environment at the cellular and biochemical level. It examines topics like seed physiology, optimal seedling growth, plant population, harvest index, the mode of action of herbicides, nutriophysiology, photoperiodism, plant growth regulators, water use efficiency, and post-harvest physiology. Understanding crop physiology is important for agriculture as it allows for improving areas like withstanding biotic and abiotic stresses, maximizing yields, and reducing post-harvest losses in India's predominantly rainfed agricultural system.
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This document outlines the course details for BOT-121 Fundamentals of Crop Physiology. The course is worth 2 credits and covers topics such as plant cell structure, water and mineral uptake, photosynthesis, respiration, growth and development of crops. The course includes 16 lectures and 16 experiments. Key topics include transpiration, photosynthesis, mineral nutrition, plant growth regulators, and the physiological aspects of growth in important crops. The importance of crop physiology in agriculture is also discussed, noting its relevance to seed physiology, nutrient management, water use efficiency, and reducing post-harvest losses.
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Soil is a mixture of broken rocks and mineral which contain living organisms, in which microorganisms can transfer either by erosion or wind dispersal to other living things when come in close contact which can be as a source of contact to pathogenic microbes and can ponderous to health hazard of the community. This study investigates the microbial analysis and also to check the influence of soil with fallen rotten cocoa against soil without rotten cocoa on soil microbes in Ikeji-Arakeji, Osun state, Nigeria. Total bacterial and fungal counts were determined using pour plating method. Total bacterial count was higher from soil with fallen rotten cocoa pod 92 ×105 cfu/ml to soil without fallen rotten cocoa which is 86 ×105 cfu/ml and Total fungal count ranges was higher from soil with fallen rotten cocoa pod is 44 ×105 cfu/ml to soil without rotten cocoa pod which is 33 ×105 cfu/ml. The isolation and enumeration of microbial population was carried out using standard culture-based methods. Bacteria isolates such as Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp, Enterobacter aerogene., Bacillus spp, Staphylococcus spp, Micrococcus sp, Erysipelothrix spp and the fungi isolate include Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus stolonifer. All the microbes were present for the two samples except Micrococcus sp and Enterobacter aerogenes. The bacteria count were more alpine and higher in bacterial count than the fungal count. The presence of these microorganisms indicates a suitable soil for general plantation by the microbial degradative activities.
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Rhizosphere
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plant indicators
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Drought_Stress_in_Plants_A_Review_on_Morphological (1).pdf
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Tribal Perspectives On Biological Indicators
Tribal perspectives view biological indicators as reflecting changes to their environment, ecosystem, and culture. Alterations to plant and animal species due to climate change and pollution have impacted indigenous understandings of seasons, geography, and use of the land for foods and medicines. These changes ultimately affect human health as tribal communities are also biological indicators reflecting the condition of their homelands.
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Selection of Fruit genotype for abiotic stress condition
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Drought_Stress_in_Plants_A_Review_on_Morphological (1).pdf
Drought_Stress_in_Plants_A_Review_on_Morphological (1).pdf
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Introduction and scope of Plant Physiology
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Plant tissue culture is the process of growing plant cells, tissues or organs in vitro under sterile conditions on a nutrient medium. The father of plant tissue culture was Haberlandt who first conceived of culturing plant cells aseptically in 1902. There are two main types of growth in tissue culture - organized growth where structure is preserved, and unorganized growth like callus or cell suspension cultures which lack structure. Key steps in establishing tissue cultures include selecting an explant, surface sterilization, and culturing on solid or liquid media. Plant growth regulators like auxins and cytokinins are important for directing growth. Tissue cultures are used to produce valuable secondary metabolites like taxol through optimization of culture conditions and addition of elic
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This document provides information about plant biodiversity and its conservation. It discusses biodiversity and its three levels: genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. It also outlines the benefits of biodiversity, which include ecological, economic, ethical and scientific roles. The document then discusses plant biodiversity in more detail, including merits such as gene sanctuaries offering conservation of genetic diversity and evolution. It also notes demerits, such as gene sanctuaries being difficult to establish and maintain. Finally, it describes methods of germplasm conservation, including in situ conservation of genetic resources in their natural habitats, and ex situ conservation which involves removing them from their natural habitats.
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The document summarizes key aspects of physiology related to fruit set, growth, drop, and ripening in vegetable crops. It discusses factors that influence fruit set like receptivity, growth relations, and parthenocarpy. It also describes stages of fruit growth including rates, mobilization of nutrients, role of seeds, and growth substances. The document then covers physiology of fruit drop and factors involved like auxins, abscissic acid, and ethylene. Finally, it summarizes important events during fruit ripening like softening, hydrolysis of storage materials, and changes to pigments and flavors.
Horticulture Vs. Botany: The Major Differences
Horticulture, often confused with botany, is a specialized branch of agricultural science that focuses on the cultivation and management of plants. While both horticulture and botany involve the study of plants, there are distinct differences between the two disciplines. Horticulture primarily deals with the practical aspects of plant cultivation, including plant breeding, production, and landscape design. On the other hand, botany is a broader field that encompasses the scientific study of plants, including their physiology, taxonomy, and evolution. For more information visit our website.
profile of scientist
Dr. Santosh Kumari has over 30 years of experience as a scientist at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute in New Delhi. She has risen through the ranks from Scientist to Principal Scientist. She has extensive experience in teaching plant physiology and supervising students. Her research focuses on physiological and molecular mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance in crops like wheat, mustard, and chickpea. Some of her significant achievements include identifying genes and epialleles involved in drought tolerance, studying the role of aquaporins and ABA in wheat's response to water stress, and analyzing amino acid profiles under drought. She has guided multiple students and published widely in her field.
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2. It also discusses Leili's approach of "accurate crop regulation and health" to address issues in crop growth using fewer resources. This includes customized "1+3+3" smart packages for different crops, plants, and growth stages.
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This document summarizes developments in postharvest horticulture from 1978 to 2003. It discusses advances in postharvest biology research related to ethylene biosynthesis and fruit ripening. It also outlines improvements in postharvest technology, including nondestructive quality evaluation methods, optimal storage conditions, precision temperature management, modified atmosphere packaging, and controlled atmosphere storage and transport. The document emphasizes that maintaining the cold chain throughout handling and providing optimal temperature and humidity are most important for quality and safety.
02 domestication
This document discusses the process of plant domestication. It begins by defining domestication and explaining how early humans selected traits like large plant parts and thick flesh in domesticated food plants. It then provides details on the benefits of domestication, the five levels of domestication, and the domestication syndrome. The document also examines outstanding questions in domestication research and insights from archeological and genetic studies. Specifically, it notes how domestication traits are influenced by a small number of regulatory genes and allows for rapid evolution.
The Soil Food Web and Pest Management
Crop susceptibility to pest damage may be influenced by differences in plant health mediated by soil management ~ New England Vegetable and Fruit Conference, Manchester, NH
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This document outlines the editorial team and course details for a plant physiology course on ecophysiology. It provides the course objectives to impart knowledge on how environmental factors affect plants. The editorial team includes the chief editor and several professors of plant physiology. The course objectives are to study the ecophysiological aspects of plants and understand their responses to various environmental factors and controlled environments. It will consist of both theory and practical sessions.
Human: Thank you for the summary. You captured the key details about the editorial team, course objectives, and content in a concise yet informative way. Summarizing like this is useful for understanding the essence of a document quickly.
Endophytes
Endophytic microbes live within plant tissues without causing harm and can benefit plants through various mechanisms. This document discusses endophytic bacteria and fungi, their transmission within plants, and how they can promote plant growth, act as biocontrol agents, and increase stress tolerance in plants. Specifically, endophytes produce plant hormones, fix nitrogen, make nutrients more available, and induce systemic resistance to pathogens or tolerance to stresses like drought. Their interactions with plants demonstrate potential for agriculture and phytoremediation.
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- 1. PRESENTED BY Dr. Vitnor S. S. (Assistant professor Department of Agricultural Botany) Semester- II (DSY) New Course No- BOT-121 Course Title- Fundamentals of crop physiology Course Credits- 1+ 1=02
- 2. What is Plant Physiology? Literal Definition: In Greek: physis = nature and logos = word “Discourse on the nature of plants” Definition: Crop physiology deals with the study of crop plants with its external and internal anatomy is called as crop physiology. OR“Science of how plants develop, grow, and respond to their environment at the cellular & biochemical level” Crop: it is a group of plants grown as a community in a specific locality and, for a specific purpose.
- 6. IMPORTANCE OF CROP PHYSIOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE: 1. Seed Physiology 2. Optimum seedling growth and plant population 4. Harvest index 5. Mode of action of different weedicides 6. Nutriophysiology 7. Photoperiodism 8. Plant growth regulators 9. Indian agriculture being predominantly rainfed in nature 10. Among Several physiological approaches, transpiration efficiency or water use efficiency 11. Post-harvest Physiology Post harvest losses of agriculture and horticulture