Dr. S. S. VITNOR

1. PRESENTED BY
Dr. Vitnor S. S.
(Assistant professor Department of Agricultural Botany)
Semester- II (DSY) New
Course No- BOT-121
Course Title- Fundamentals of crop physiology
Course Credits- 1+ 1=02

2. BOT 121 : Fundamentals of Crop Physiology
THEORY
Lecture Topic Weitage
(%)
1 Introduction to Crop Physiology and its importance in Agriculture 5
2 Plant cell- structure, cell organelles and their role 5
3-4
Absorption of water and path of water. Ascent of sap and theories of
ascent of sap
10
5
Transpiration- Definition, types , structure of stomata, physiology
of stomata, factors affecting transpiration, Water use efficiency &
factors affecting W.U. E.
5
6
Mineral nutrition of plants. Classification of mineral element, criteria
of essentiality. General and specific role of mineral element and
deficiency symptoms, mechanism of mineral element uptake.
10
7-8
Photosynthesis : Definition pigment involved, structure of chloroplast,
light reaction- Photolysis of water, Emersion effect, Cyclic and non
cyclic electron transfer, Significance of light reaction.
10
9
Dark reaction- C3, C4 and CAM plants factors affecting
photosynthesis,
Photorespiration
5

3. Lecture Topic Weitage
(%)
10
Respiration- Definition, types, glycolsis TCA cycle and electron
transport chain
10
11 Fat metabolism- fatty acid synthesis and break down 5
12 Plant Growth Regulators, Definition, types , physiological role and
Agricultural uses of PGRS.
10
13 Growth : Definition, types of growth, measurement of growth,
growth analysis
5
14-15 Physiological aspects of growth and development of important
cereals, pulses and oil seed crops
15
16 Photoperiodism- Definition, types, SDP, LDP and Day neutral
plants- Induction a flowering and florigene concept
5
Total 100

4. Experiment Topic
1. Study of plant cell
2. Study of imbibitions
3. Study of osmosis
4. Study of plasmolysis
5. Study of root pressure
6. Measurement of rate of transpiration
7. Study of structure and distribution of stomata
8. Estimation of relative water content of tissue
9. Study of separation of photosynthetic pigment through paper
chromatography
10. Measurement of rate of photosynthesis by different methods
PRACTICAL

5. Experiment Topic
11. Study of respiration and respiratory quotient
12. Rapid tissue tests for macro-elements
13. Rapid tissue tests for micro-elements
14. Study of use of PGR in fruit ripening
15. Effect of osmotic pressure on seed germination.
16. Measurement of Plant growth.
PRACTICAL

6. What is Plant Physiology?
Literal Definition:
In Greek: physis = nature and logos = word “Discourse
on the nature of plants”
Definition:
“Science of how plants develop, grow, and
respond to their environment at the cellular &
biochemical level”

7. Crop: it is a group of plants grown as a community in a specific
locality and, for a specific purpose.
Crop Physiology : Crop physiology is the study of the ways in which
plant physiological processes are integrated to cause whole plant
responses in communities. The subject matter of crop physiology
includes the ways in which the knowledge of plant physiology is
applied for better management of crops.

11. IMPORTANCE OF CROP PHYSIOLOGY IN
AGRICULTURE:
1. Seed Physiology
2. Optimum seedling growth and plant population
4. Harvest index
5. Mode of action of different weedicides
6. Nutriophysiology
7. Photoperiodism
8. Plant growth regulators
9. Indian agriculture being predominantly rainfed in nature
10. Among Several physiological approaches, transpiration efficiency or water
use efficiency
11. Post-harvest Physiology Post harvest losses of agriculture and horticulture