The document discusses computational design and digital fabrication. It defines computational design and discusses principles of computational design according to various experts. Computational design allows complex geometry, mass customization, and integration of fabrication constraints. It discusses how computational design transforms material from passive to active and allows bottom-up design processes. Several design projects utilizing computational design are also summarized.

2. :Computational Design and
Digital Fabrication
Date: April 10, 2017
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3. Definitions: Computational design (Addressing an issue of complexity)
Chris Lasch
Story telling through computational architecture (projects), USA
Relation ship between architecture, scripting, algorism, recursive geometry and the like.
Scripting can be both visual and non visual
John Frazer
Professor at graduate School, England
Allows compression of pace, Special completion of time, virtual prototyping to explore
multiple design possibilities, Direct computer control of fabrication tolls and robotics.
Parametric(variable geometry), combinatorial (Rule based system, templating) ,
Substitution (L System , shape grammars), Agent based, artificial life swarming),
Mathematical ( Description by equation, algorithm), Special partitioning (recursive
Subdivision of space, voxels) , procedural shape languages ( such us reptile), Parallel
descript computation ( Polyautomata, Cellular automata)
:Computational Design and
Digital Fabrication
Computational Design (CD)
CD

4. Definitions: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
Number of variety of geometrically different parts solved by robots.
Simulation, Fabrication , Assembly (digital mechanism and organization)
Effective use of materials and creation of unique spaces (better architectural quality)
Morphology is defined through constraints of Planability, Produsability, fabricatablity,
assembly
Computational design and digital (material) fabrication allow: Space quality , material
expression, resource efficiency
:Computational Design and
Digital Fabrication CD

5. Design principles: Computational design
Chris Lasch , Story telling through computational architecture (projects), USA
Strong formal language makes the design anti social and anti collaborative
Components are various like snow flakes but similar
Computational design principle breaks down elements to grains and leaves chance for new
opportunity of design and shapes
Interpolation of parts to the hole
Computational design did to the physical world what time did to the ruins. Opportunity to
design free with new principles.
Reinvention in materials and how they got energy is transforming our culture.
Stone age, Bronze age, the industrial age, Silicon age, Nano age (the next age)
Age of molecular control, materials are not sculpted but grown.
Bottom up rule replaces the top down rule
Computational Design and
Digital Fabrication : CD

6. Design principles: Computational design
Chris Lasch, Story telling through computational architecture (projects), USA
Parts come together in rhythm to make a better whole
Self assembly a phenomena where energy impute to a material causes molecule to
rearrange.
No hierarchy of building elements but a holistic forms
If this is the age of makers we like the idea of being ruiners. We atomize the concept of a
project in order to build them up in to something we would not have been able to build
before. We do this to disrupt our idea of what that thing should have been in the first
place. This ide for an architecture that needs to be reformed after falling apart is what
we are about and what we continue to investigate.
John Frazer, Professor at The European Graduate School, Evolutionary digital design,
England
Challenges:
Energy and Ecopositive built environment
Social, economic and environmental problems
Computational Design and
Digital Fabrication : CD

7. Design principles: Computational design
John Frazer, Professor at The European Graduate School, Evolutionary digital design,
England
Challenges:
Energy and Ecopositive built environment
Social, economic and environmental problems
Computer techniques like generative design, evolutionary design and parametric have the
power to address these problems but they are being used to generate merely
fashionable or are becoming stylistic ism rather than forces for environmental and social
changes .
Social value should be used as constraint
Vernacular is the unscripted unplanned but yet beautiful and tourist interest.
…what exactly was it about designing that needed aiding before we had computer aided
design?
Computational Design and
Digital Fabrication : CD

8. Design principles: Computational design
John Frazer, Professor at The European Graduate School, Evolutionary digital design,
England
…what exactly was it about designing that needed aiding before we had computer aided
design?
Most early cad systems did not aid the design process but perhaps obstructed it. Merely
draughting tools, passive tools. Embedding intelligence is for the new systems Active
tools.
Darwinian
Evolution
Computational Design and
Digital Fabrication : CD
Convergent
evolution
(optimal solution)
Divergent evolution
(maximum Varity)
Natural selection
(automatic
optimization)
Normal application
(use for
optimization )
Generation of more
varied population
Artificial selection
(by user or
designer )
User selection non
quantifiable criteria
Creative interactive

9. Design principles: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE ,Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
Material computation versus Machine computation.
No predesigned and concaved principles instead an active process of designs providing a
more complex and reach access to design developments and implementation.
Material behavior in space and time.
Behavior of the employed material computes the building.
In the past architects were not able to model or draw material behavior as a result they
could not design with it.
Computational design and material fabrication principles need also fulfill building code.
In the past material was a passive receptor.
Computational Design and
Digital Fabrication : CD

10. Design principles: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE ,Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
Material computation became a reality
Unexplored architectural possibilities are born
Material became an active generator in design process
In nature material is expensive and shape is cheap ( few materials and variety of shapes).
Cellulose (plants) , phospholipid (animals) , chitin(insects), silk (spider webs) : only four
materials are employed in nature but yielding high diversity of shapes.
In the past architecture practice the opposite is a true comparison to nature.
Use of a formerly not used materials for design and construction.
Space expression, open end material structure, space experiment, form generation and
modernist truth to material.
Computational Design and
Digital Fabrication : CD

11. Design principles: Computational design
Zaha Hadid Architects , Patric Schumacher
All elements of architecture became parametrically malleable
Intensification of relations, internal and external
Negative principles ( no rigid forms, no simple repetition, no collage f isolates or unrelated
elements)
Positive principles (all forms soft (intelligent), all systems differentiate, all systems correlate)
Computational Design and
Digital Fabrication : CD

12. Design Projects: Computational design
Chris Lasch, Story telling through computational architecture (projects), USA
Chris Lasch

13. Design Projects: Computational design
Chris Lacsh, Story telling through computational architecture (projects), USA
CD

14. Design Projects: Computational design
Chris Lacsh, Story telling through computational architecture (projects), USA
CD

15. Design Projects: Computational design
Chris Lasch, Story telling through computational architecture (projects), USA
CD

16. Design Projects: Computational design
Chris Lasch, Story telling through computational architecture (projects), USA
CD

17. Design Projects: Computational design
Chris Lasch, Story telling through computational architecture (projects), USA
CD

18. Design Projects: Computational design
Chris Lasch, Story telling through computational architecture (projects), USA
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19. Design Projects: Computational design
Chris Lasch, Story telling through computational architecture (projects), USA
CD

20. Design Projects: Computational design
Chris Lasch, Story telling through computational architecture (projects), USA
CD

21. Design Projects: Computational design
Chris Lasch, Story telling through computational architecture (projects), USA
CD

22. Design Projects: Computational design
Chris Lasch, Story telling through computational architecture (projects), USA
CD

23. Design Projects: Computational design
Chris Lasch, Story telling through computational architecture (projects), USA
CD

24. Design Projects: Computational design
Chris Lash, Story telling through computational architecture (projects), USA
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25. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
Achim Manges

26. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

27. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

28. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

29. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

30. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

31. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

32. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

33. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

34. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

35. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

36. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

37. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

38. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

39. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

40. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

41. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

42. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

43. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

44. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

45. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

46. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

47. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

48. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

49. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

50. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

51. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

52. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

53. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

54. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

55. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

56. Design Projects: Computational design
Achim Manges
ICD/ITKE, Rethinking materiality through computation in architecture. research projects
(pavilions), Stockholm
CD

57. Design Projects: Computational design
Zaha Hadid Architects , Patric Schumacher
Zaha Hadid

58. Design Projects: Computational design
Zaha Hadid Architects , Patric Schumacher
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59. Design Projects: Computational design
Zaha Hadid Architects , Patric Schumacher
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60. Design Projects: Computational design
Zaha Hadid Architects , Patric Schumacher
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61. Design Projects: Computational design
Fablab Barcelona
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62. Design Projects: Computational design
EiABC third Year Under Graduate students:
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63. Design Projects: Computational design
EiABC third Year Under Graduate students:
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64. Design Projects: Computational design
EiABC third Year Under Graduate students:
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65. Design Projects: Computational design
Hope University First Year Under Graduate students, 2013/14
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66. Design Projects: Computational design
Hope University First Year Under Graduate students, 2013/14
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67. Design Projects: Computational design
Hope University Under Graduate First Year students, 2013/14
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