This document discusses the Reformation period in Christianity between 500-1500 AD. It provides background that during this time all Christians were Catholic, led by the Pope and bishops. The priests sold indulgences claiming they could reduce time in purgatory. Martin Luther protested the Catholic Church's corruption in 1517, sparking the Protestant reformation. Luther and other reformers disagreed with practices like selling indulgences and wanted people to be able to read the Bible in their own language. The document examines key figures and events of the Reformation like Martin Luther, his 95 Theses, and the new Protestant churches that formed.