01 2017 indonesia haze
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This document discusses Indonesia's annual forest fires and resulting haze pollution issue in Southeast Asia. It notes that forest fires commonly occur during dry seasons in Indonesian provinces like Sumatra and Kalimantan, causing major transportation, economic, health, and environmental problems domestically and across borders in countries like Singapore and Malaysia. The worst fires on record were in 1997, affecting over 200,000 people in 6 countries with severe health impacts. Drying and burning of carbon-rich peatlands also significantly contributes to global warming by releasing large amounts of greenhouse gases. Key causes of the fires include land clearing by farmers and plantation companies using the cheap slash-and-burn method.
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01 2017 indonesia haze
- 2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 INDONESIA JAKATAR INDONESIA! Maluku Islands Spice Islands ! World s 4th most crowded ! Composed of 13,000 islands ! East-famed for spice trade ! World s largest islamic country THE REPLUBLIC OF INDONESIA 2,027,087 KM2
- 4. http://www.roebuckclasses.com/105/regions/seasiaspac/seasia/seasiaphys/physseasia.htm Agriculture
- 5. A Hazy Situation Transboundary Issue of SoutheastAsia
- 6. Watch this Clip • Indonesia haze crisis: Smog from Indonesian forest fires worsens across Southeast Asia - TomoNewshttps://youtu.be/TQgcs3CJVyg
- 7. What is transboundary issue? Recently used for resource development and management planning Refers to the movement of physical and biological resources Or of impacts associated with these resources across political boundaries http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/eia/images/practical_guide/transp.jpg
- 8. Transboundary Pollution Pollution that originates in one country but is able to cause damage in another country’s environment Crossing borders through water or air for hundreds and even thousands of kilometers http://pgislandboy.blogspot.com/2009/08/those-hazy-days-cough.html
- 9. Transboundary Pollution The incredible distances that pollution can spread means it is not contained within the boundaries of any single nation. One of the problems with transboundary pollution is it can carry pollution away from a heavy emitter and deposit it onto a nation whose emissions are relatively low. http://pgislandboy.blogspot.com/2009/08/those-hazy-days-cough.html
- 10. What is ‘Haze’? What do you associate with the word ‘haze’? The accumulation of dust, smoke and other pollutant particles in the air which leads to the unclarity of the atmosphere, lower visibility level and detrimental effects on the human body http://nigeldickinson.photoshelter.com/image/I0000yriOjabJ1Oo
- 11. Watch this Clip •BBC News Singapore haze BBC's David Shukman explains (2:32) •https://youtu.be/ wJpDG5o3r6U
- 12. News Reading Read the news provided to you Answer the questions and try to summarize the news (what happened?, when? where?, why? what are the impacts? Summarize the situation of forest fire and haze pollution in Southeast Asia
- 13. Indonesia’s Forest Fire & Haze Become an annual problem for Indonesia, Always occur in dry season annually, especially in Sumatra and Kalimantan Problems for transportation sector, economic activities, health problems Transboundary issue, i.e. Singapore and Malaysia
- 14. The Worst Fire 1997 October - November 1997 Not just Singapore, Malaysia, haze spread to Thailand, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Northern Australia Fire burned thousands of square miles of rainforest, plantation, forest, scrubland in Kalimantan, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Iraian Jaya, Papua New Guinea, Bali, Lombock, Sarawak (Malaysia) http://media-3.web.britannica.com/eb-media/96/23896-004-32D156FE.gif Uncontrolled forest fires sprang up all over Indonesia in late 1997 and early 1998, especially on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo. This smoky fire occured in Borneo's East Kalimantan province.
- 15. Indonesia’s worst fire 1997 Unrecorded height of sulfides, nitrous oxides, ash, industrial pollution Air Pollution Index exceeded 800 API of 200-300 = 20 cigarettes in Kuching, Malaysia and Set record highs in Singapore and Kuala Lumpur - Malaysia http://english.people.com.cn/200508/11/images/0810_C18.jpg
- 16. Indonesia’s worst fire 1997 Over 200,000 people hospitalized with heart & respiratory diseases, severe nosebleeds, eye irritation Long term health effect on 70 million people in 6 countries The smog may lead to an increase in heart, lung, brain, eye, skin disorders over the next decade. http://english.people.com.cn/200508/11/images/0810_C18.jpg
- 17. How does fire threaten the world? Watch the video clip In pair, answer the following questions Why do people burn the land? How would deforestation threaten way of life of Indonesian? According to Greenpeace, how would the drying and burning of peatland affect the environment?
- 18. Watch this Clip Activists Say Forest Fires in Indonesia Threaten the World http:// www.youtube.com/ watch? v=WoHRvfqGLnc
- 19. Answer the questions Why do people burn the land? How would deforestation threaten the way of life of an Indonesian? According to Greenpeace, how would the drying and burning of peatland affect the environment?
- 20. Watch this Clip Peatlands in Indonesia, Beyond the burning Issue https://youtu.be/ FsNaljGmvCA Shown only 6:40 mins Click
- 21. What is Peatland? A brown, soil-like material characteristic of boggy, acid ground, consisting of partly decomposed vegetable matter The first stage of transformation of plant matter into coal. Organic wetland (Peat) soils are currently drained for agricultural Not only destroy the habitat of many species, but heavily trigger climate change. http://cempaka-nature.blogspot.com/2009/03/carbon-emissions-may-cost-ri-dearly.html
- 22. What is Peatland? Result of peat drainage, the over-thousand- year organic carbon, normally under water, is exposed to the air. Organic carbon decomposed and turns into carbon dioxide, released into the atmosphere Indonesia - the world’s largest peatland areas Increase the release of carbon emissions, leading to the worsening of Global Warming. http://cempaka-nature.blogspot.com/2009/03/carbon-emissions-may-cost-ri-dearly.html
- 23. What caused fire? Agricultural sector Slash and Burn to clear the land for agriculture Large plantation companies and forest plantation management also use fire to clear the land Reduce production cost http://www.mongabay.com/images/indonesia/kalimantan/kali9753.JPG
- 24. Who will be involved/affected? Look at your study guide and try to answer the questions with your partner. Who/How are they involved/ affected? What is/are their impact(s) on the situation?
- 25. Who are involved? Government Tourist/ Population Farmers Businessmen
- 26. Government How are they involved? The authoritarian force that can intervene when necessary What is/are their impact(s) on the situation? Pass laws and conduct check Have authority to implement policies and punishments (i.e. fines, jail)
- 27. Tourist/ Population How are they involved? Tourists form tourism industry and the affected countries may rely on for revenue Population : employers, employees What is/are their impact(s) on the situation? Tourists: avoid the affected countries, lost revenue Population: haze causes illness, respiratory difficulties for population
- 28. Farmers How are they involved/ affected? Cause of the fires What is/are their impact(s) on the situation? Due to their burning, haze is generated Flora and fauna are also lost
- 29. Businessmen How are they involved/ affected? Cause of the fire What is/are their impact(s) on the situation? Due to their burning, haze is generated. Flora and fauna are also lost.
- 30. Environmental Impacts What happens to the Earth? What happens to the flora and fauna?
- 31. Environmental Impacts Pollution increase = greenhouse gases increase Causes global warming & climate change Ecologies & habitat are destroyed Flora burnt, fauna loses food and habitat
- 32. Health Impacts How are the people reacting to the haze? What are some of their symptoms?
- 33. Health Impacts The weak suffer from illness related to haze and respiratory system Red/sore eyes Sore throat Rashes Respiratory difficulties
- 34. Economic Impacts What happens to businessmen? Overall, how much is lost/ gained?
- 35. Economic Impacts Incurred through loss of visibility or tourism People avoid going outdoor Small business suffer 1997 losses for USD 9 billion
- 36. Tourism Impact How do tourist feel? What do they do? What perception does the haze give them?
- 37. Tourism Impact Discouraged from visiting the affected countries Affect tourism and economy
- 38. Exercise on Study Guide Complete the crossword and find out how they can protect themselves Find the word given in the checklist and then fill in the blanks