002a. evolution of tourism planning
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Tourism planning became important in Malaysia due to the negative impacts of traditional tourism development, which focused on economic contributions without consideration for socio-cultural and environmental consequences. The rapid growth of tourism and lack of a single responsible agency led to unplanned, ad hoc responses to tourism's impacts. While planning cannot solve all problems, it can minimize negative effects, maximize economic returns, and encourage positive community support. Tourism planning in Malaysia follows a complex, three-tier system at the federal, state, and local levels, with the federal government having the highest authority. The planning process generally uses both top-down and bottom-up approaches but is predominantly top-down, with local communities consulted but not directly involved in decision making.
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for all these activities, the tourism officer should be able to have good grasp of the fundamental
concepts and process of tourism development.
The Provincial, City and Municipal Planning and Development Officers can also use the guidebook to
properly integrate tourism development into the larger context of the land use and comprehensive
development of their respective LGUs. They should also work closely with the tourism officers to ensu
Cambodia national progress report on the implementation of the hyogo framewor...
This National Progress Report of Cambodia is facilitated by UNISDR and the ISDR partnership. This report assesses the progress of the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action (2007-2009). It assesses the current national strategic priorities with regard to the implementation of disaster risk reduction actions. The report establishes baselines on levels of progress achieved with respect to the implementation of the HFA’S five priorities for action.
FinalreportELS
This document provides a summary of the final outcome evaluation of the Enhancement of Living Standards in Fergana Valley project conducted by Fuat Andic, Ph.D. for UNDP Uzbekistan. The evaluation assessed the project's design, relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, sustainability, resource mobilization, ownership, and lessons learned. Key findings include that the project was relevant and efficiently administered, though capacity building of local governments was only partially effective. Sustainability of improved public services and access to rural development is high, while sustainability of local authorities' capacity is low. Recommendations focus on longer-term training for local officials and preparing project trainees to train others.
Tourism Policy
This document discusses tourism policy and its objectives. Tourism policy is defined as public policy formulated by central and local governments to regulate the tourism industry. The objectives of tourism policy are to maximize economic, socio-cultural, and environmental benefits while minimizing negative impacts. Tourism policy objectives are achieved through planning, legislation, facilitating development, taxation, education/training, and marketing. Governments establish rules and provide infrastructure/support to develop the tourism sector in a sustainable manner.
Chuong 1 quy hoach
The document discusses tourism planning and provides an overview of key concepts and processes involved. It explains that tourism planning aims to properly allocate tourism facilities and infrastructure based on natural resources, economic and social conditions, and the environment. The planning process involves assessing factors like demand, supply, impacts and developing strategies and action plans to achieve sustainable tourism development goals. Public and private stakeholders are involved in the planning at different levels from local to international.
To r lgcr 14-007
The document provides terms of reference for a study on commune/sangkat planning and budgeting for social services in Cambodia. The study aims to analyze expenditure trends and identify factors that promote or hamper social service delivery, with a focus on vulnerable groups. It will examine demand for services, participation opportunities, and barriers facing communes. The methodology includes a desk review, key informant interviews, quantitative surveys of households and commune officials in a representative sample of at least 10% of communes. The study will produce recommendations to improve inclusive local governance and enhance participation of the poor and vulnerable in decision-making.
National progress report on the implementation of the hyogo framework for action
This National Progress Report Lao PDR is facilitated by UNISDR and the ISDR partnership. This report assesses the progress of the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action (2013-2015). It assesses the current national strategic priorities with regard to the implementation of disaster risk reduction actions. The report establishes baselines on levels of progress achieved with respect to the implementation of the HFA’S five priorities for action.
Planning mechanism in India
Planning is the deliberate control of an economy by a central authority to achieve targets within a specified period. There are various types of planning based on factors like time, geography, and level of centralization. Centralized planning involves a central authority making all decisions, while decentralized planning involves grassroots input. Socialist planning relies entirely on the central authority, while capitalist planning allows more market forces. The success of planning depends on choosing the appropriate type to meet a country's needs and objectives like development, employment, and resource allocation.
Localizing the 2030 Agenda in SIDS: Palau’s Aspirations with the SDGs
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Destination planning procedure
The document outlines the key steps in the tourism planning process:
1) Assessment of existing tourism demand and supply to understand opportunities and challenges
2) Establishing objectives for what tourism can contribute economically and socially
3) Territorial planning to identify ideal locations for tourism development while avoiding overconcentration or environmental damage
4) Planning basic infrastructure like transportation, energy, and facilities to support tourism operations
5) Financial planning to assess costs and funding sources for tourism projects and infrastructure
6) Human resource planning to identify training needs and jobs required to support the tourism industry
7) Establishing an administrative structure like a tourism department or agency to manage planning and operations
8) Marketing and promotion both within and outside the country to launch the
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This document outlines the process of developing the local development roadmap and executive-legislative agenda for Dumaguete City from 2014-2016. It establishes a vision for sustainable development and accountable leadership. The goals are to promote education, business, infrastructure, access to services, transparency, environmental protection and land use. The agenda was created through a participatory process involving stakeholders to identify and program 3-year priorities based on research and existing plans.
Tourism And Local Development
The document discusses a seminar on tourism and local economic development that addressed how businesses in the tourism industry can increase their contributions to local economic development and pro-poor growth. Key points raised included the importance of facilitating local community access to tourism markets and opportunities, developing local capacity, and measuring and demonstrating impacts on local economies and poverty reduction. There was consensus that developers, financiers, hoteliers and tour operators all have roles to play in creating such opportunities and that a coordinated sector-wide approach is needed.
Economic Planning
This document discusses various types of economic planning. It begins by defining economic planning as the deliberate direction of economic activity towards chosen ends by a central planning authority. It then discusses the need for planning in underdeveloped countries to increase development rates and mobilize resources. The key aspects of successful plan formulation include establishing a planning commission, collecting statistical data, setting objectives, mobilizing resources, balancing the plan, and implementing proper development policies. The document also compares different approaches to planning such as planning by direction vs inducement, democratic vs totalitarian planning, centralized vs decentralized planning, and structural vs functional planning.
Background and structure of indian planning
Indian economic planning aimed to achieve predetermined goals through state regulation and control of economic activity. Planning involved setting priorities, mobilizing resources, and creating organizations to execute comprehensive economic plans. Early plans focused on infrastructure, agriculture, and industrial development to raise savings rates and productivity. Later plans prioritized capital goods to rapidly industrialize and fulfill targets in a nearly closed economy with inelastic exports. Indian planning was democratic, indicative, decentralized, and development-oriented to solve issues like poverty and inequality through growth.
001. introduction to destination planning
This document outlines a lecture on basic approaches in tourism planning. It begins by defining planning as a process of organizing the future to achieve objectives, with elements of predictability. Major types of planning practiced today are then discussed, including economic development, physical land use, infrastructure, social facility, park and recreation, and corporate planning. Previously, emphasis was placed on rigid master plans, but contemporary approaches advocate for flexibility and incremental planning with continuous monitoring. The general approach now integrates all development aspects and involves the community in planning and decision making. The basic planning process includes study preparation, determining goals and objectives, surveys, analysis, plan formulation, recommendations, implementation, and monitoring.
Financial Administration Bangladesh Chapter 5
This document provides an overview of fiscal policy and administration in Bangladesh. It discusses the functions of the Ministry of Finance, which oversees financial institutions and plans public expenditure policies. It also describes fiscal policy tools like taxation, government spending, and borrowing that influence macroeconomic variables. The effects of fiscal stances like expansionary and contractionary policy on aggregate demand, employment and inflation are summarized. Methods of funding government expenditure through taxation, borrowing, prior surpluses or asset sales are also outlined.
Planning At The National Level
The document summarizes the educational planning process at the national and sub-national levels in the Philippines. At the national level, the National Economic and Development Authority coordinates overall planning and implementation. Provincial and municipal development councils are responsible for development at their respective levels. Each sector, including education, prepares plans that are integrated into development plans. Educational planning involves coordination across levels of government to establish priorities, policies, programs and projects.
Task 5 nur amalina binti zabidi a142031
(1) The document discusses a report evaluating and providing suggestions for planning a hometown in accordance with Local Agenda 21.
(2) Key elements of Local Agenda 21 include full community participation, assessing current conditions, setting goals, and monitoring progress.
(3) The report provides suggestions across six areas - the local authority's environmental performance, integrating sustainability, awareness raising, public consultation, partnership, and monitoring progress.
The presidency annual performance plan 2014 15 annexure e
The document provides details on the revised annual performance plan for 2014/15 for The Presidency in South Africa. It outlines the key focus areas and planned activities for the annual programs of the principals, including the President, Deputy President, and Ministers. It also describes the indicators that will be used to measure performance, including developing an annual Cabinet calendar for the President and submitting quarterly progress reports on implementation of the President's schedule. The document aims to provide transparency and accountability for the work of The Presidency.
Mandated Local Plans
The document discusses rationalizing the local planning system in the Philippines. It aims to comply with provisions in the Local Government Code that mandate local governments to prepare two comprehensive plans: the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) and the Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP). The goal is to reduce the number of plans LGUs must prepare and have other agencies integrate their requirements into the CLUP and CDP. The document also discusses components of the local planning structure, key elements of the mandated plans, the planning process, and monitoring and evaluation of plans.
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This document discusses various quality improvement processes and frameworks. It covers total quality management (TQM), process management frameworks, quality control cycles like Deming and Ishikawa cycles, benchmarking, and Six Sigma. The key steps in quality improvement processes are to design work processes, implement process control, and continuously improve processes using methodologies like PDCA (plan-do-check-act) cycle and benchmarking against best practices. The document also categorizes business processes into value creation and support processes and outlines frameworks for planning, controlling, and improving end-to-end business processes.
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This document outlines the key elements of a tourism system based on three models: Leiper's model identifies three elements - the generating region, transit region, and destination region. Mill and Morrison's model focuses on the market, travel, destination, and marketing. Gunn's model emphasizes the supply and demand dimensions, identifying tourists as the demand side and facilities, attractions, and land uses as the supply side. It also discusses five basic travel motivations (physiological, cultural, social, spiritual, fantasy) and the three main supply side components: resources, government, and the tourism industry.
002a. evolution of tourism planning(1)
Tourism planning became important in Malaysia due to the negative impacts of traditional tourism development focused on economics, such as socio-cultural and environmental impacts. Tourism planning aims to minimize potential negative impacts, maximize economic returns, and encourage positive community response. The Malaysian planning system is complex with three tiers - federal, state, and local. Federal plans guide state and local plans. State governments implement projects while local communities provide input, though decision-making is predominantly top-down rather than bottom-up.
Ch03 total quality management
This document discusses the concepts of Total Quality Management (TQM). It defines TQM as a management philosophy focusing on customer satisfaction and involving all employees. The key aspects of TQM include leadership commitment, meeting customer expectations, employee involvement, continuous process improvement, supplier partnerships, and performance measurement. TQM requires cultural changes like preventing issues rather than just detecting them. It also emphasizes long-term decision making and life-cycle costs over short-term gains and price. Proper implementation of TQM begins with top management commitment and establishing a quality council to develop strategies and monitor progress.
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002a. evolution of tourism planning
- 1. 20/3/2013 1 Basic Approaches in Tourism Planning Evolution of Tourism Planning Lecture Outline 1. Introduction 2. Background of Tourism Planning In Malaysia Tourism planning becomes so important mainly because of the conventional (traditional) tourism development are more focused towards its economic contribution. The development has somehow resulted to negative impacts: a. Socio-cultural b. Economic c. Environmental. 1. Introduction • Because of all these, tourism planning become essentials and now frequently it is called “strategic planning” • Demands for tourism planning and government intervention in the development process are typically a response to the unwanted effects of tourism development
- 2. 20/3/2013 2 • The rapid pace of tourism growth and development, the nature of tourism itself and the corresponding absence of single agency responsible for tourism related development have often meant that public sector responses to the impacts of tourism on destinations have been ad hoc, rather than predetermined strategies oriented toward development objectives • Although planning is not a cure to all unwanted effects, but yet, planning may be able to minimize potential negative impacts, maximize economic returns to the destination, and encourage a more positive response from the host community 2. Background of Tourism Planning in Malaysia The Malaysian planning system is complex and often overlapping Generally, the planning system in Malaysia is reflected based on the three tiers of government administrative structure: a. Federal b. State c. Local The Federal government is the highest planning body. National plans include: NEP (New Economic Policies), OPP (The Outline Perspective Plans), ETP (Economic Transformation Programme), National Ecotourism Master Plan, National Tourism Master Plan, etc. The state is the second highest planning body in Malaysia. The state government’s role is to provide institutional and administrative support in implementing the projects and programs. The main decision body is the state executive committee (EXCO) and headed by Chief Minister on development matter.
- 3. 20/3/2013 3 State plan include: Sabah Tourism Master Plan, 2011 to 2025, 2nd Sarawak Tourism Master Plan, etc. At the local level, local people can voice their opinion through their local representatives who in turn represented by the district action committee. At state level the proposal from various districts will be refined by State Economic Planning Unit then submitted to Implementation Unit of Prime Minister’s Department and the Treasury • The approaches used in the planning process normally involves top down and bottom up, but predominantly top down approach with the local people only being consulted and is not directly involved in the decision making process End of Lecture Tutorial Question 1. Why is tourism planning important?