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Basic Approaches in
Tourism Planning
Topic 1
Lecture Outline
1.Defining Planning
2.Major Types of Planning Practiced Today
3.Contemporary Planning Approaches and
Techniques
1. What is Planning?
 Organizing the future to achieve certain
objectives (process)
 Has a strong element of predictability because it
attempts to envision the future (Inskeep,
1991:25)
a. Planning is concern with the future
b. Planning is about acquiring knowledge and
investigating and identifying the best approaches
for government intervention
c. Planning is about anticipating or forecasting
change under conditions that are often uncertain
d. Planning is about developing a strategic vision
e. Planning is a bout evaluating different courses of
action and facilitating political decision-making
f. Planning is value-laden and political.
‣ Some common definitions about planning:

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2. Major Types of Planning
Practiced Today
 Economic development planning
 Physical land use planning
• The process of designating land for specific uses on the basis of
environmental, social and economic considerations to meet present
and future needs
 Infrastructure planning (water supply, electric
power, sewage disposal, telecommunication, etc.)
2. Major Types of Planning
Practiced Today … cont
 Social facility planning (education, medical,
recreation)
 Park & recreation planning (for environmental
purposes)
 Corporate planning
 Urban regional planning
(Inskeep, 1991:25)
 Most formal planning (public) are done by the
government agencies
 Planning for recreation area, resorts, tourist spot
may be undertaken by the private sectors, but the
plans must meet local criteria & development
standard of the local government, and be
approved by it
 Because planning is so comprehensive and
specialized, it is often carried out by consultants
3. Contemporary Planning
Approaches & Techniques
 Previously, a lot of emphasis was placed of the
end state ‘Master Plan’ which was assumed to be
sufficient for guiding future development
 But, it was found to be too rigid, not taking
account on changing lifestyle, technology, etc. (not
suitable to be implemented over long term
period)

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 Planning is a continuous process
 Must be flexible and yet still meet basic
development objectives
 Planning should be done incrementally with
continuous monitoring and feedback on effects
of previous development and evaluation of new
trends
NOW, the general approach being applied:  In order to achieve effective development patterns
and not generating environmental problem or
social ills, all aspects of the area or development
sector being planned must be understood and
carefully integrated (the system approach)
 An important aspects of planning is to involve the
community in the planning process and decision
making because they should be given the
opportunity to participate in the planning of its
future development
 There is also a great concern on the environment
resulting from development practices -sustainable
tourism; “sustaining the resources of development
from depletion so that they are available for
continuing and permanent use in the future”
(Inskeep, 1991:26-28)
i. Study preparation
ii. Determine development goals & objectives
iii. Surveys
iv. Analysis and synthesis
v. Plan formulation
vi. Recommendations
vii. Implementations
viii. Monitoring
(Inskeep, 1991:28)
Basic Planning Process:

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End of Lecture