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§ Session #1: Introduction of Knowledge Management
§ Session #2: KM & Organizational Learning
§ Session #3: Knowledge Management Strategies
§ Session #4: KM Implementation
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Main source: Dalkir, K. (2011). Knowledge Management in Theory and Practice. The MIR Press. USA.
ISBN: 978-0262015080

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§ Use a Framework and clear language for Knowledge Management concepts.
§ Define key knowledge management concepts such as intellectual capital,
organizational learning and memory, knowledge taxonomy, and communities of
practice using concept analysis.
§ Provide an overview of the history of knowledge management and identify key
milestone.
§ Describe the key rols and responsibilities required for knowledge management
applications
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§ What is the difference between
information and knowledge?
§ What is Tacit knowledge? Explicit
knowledge?
§ What is “Knowledge Management”?
§ What is the difference between KM
and Information Management?
§ Why is KM important today? ?
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WHAT IS
KNOWLEDGE?
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WHAT IS
KNOWLEDGE?
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“The result of knowledge is
the elimination of falsehood”
(Shankaracharya)

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• Tacit Knowledge (80-95%)
– difficult to articulate, put into words, text or
drawings
– resides within heads of knowers
– …are Experiences; Thinking; Competencies;
Commitment; Deed
• Explicit Knowledge (5-20%)
– content that has been captured in some tangible
form such as words, audio recordings or images
– resides on tangible concrete media
– ...are Data; Informations; Documents; Records; Files
“All knowledge that the world has ever received comes from the mind; the infinite library of the universe is in our
own mind. Books are infinite in number and time is short.The secret of knowledge is to take what is essential.Take
that and try to live up to it.”
SwamiVivekananda

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Tacit Knowledge Explicit Knowledge
ability to adapt ability to copy
know-how & know-why ability to teach and train
share a vision
transmit a culture
organize, systematize
translate vision into guidelines
☛ book p.7 9
use of knowledge does not consume it
transferal of knowledge does not result in losing it
knowledge is abundant, but the ability to use it is scarce

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Source: Data Science – from Data to Wisdom by Scott Proctor, June 2016
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/data-science-from-wisdom-scott-proctor

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☛ book p.7
Data
directly observable or verifiable, a fact
Information
content that represents analyzed data
Knowledge
makes sense of our world
subjective and valuable information – validated and organized into a model
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source: "Information as a Resource",Harlan Cleveland
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mFNh4jp4yBo

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help desk
system
data base
technologies
collaborative
technologies
organizational
science
electronic
performance
support system
document &
information
management
decision
support system
library &
information
science
web
technologies
artificial
intelligence
technical
writing
cognitive
science
Knowledge
Management

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technologies processes
people
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explicit concern of business:
intellectual assets
creation,capture,organization,access and use
positive business results
collaborative and
integrated
approach
☛ book p.4-5 16

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☛ book p.4-5 17

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leveraging collective wisdom to increase responsiveness and innovation
continuous flow of knowledge to the right people at the right time
systematic approach
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Intellectual Capital
Competence
skills necessary to achieve a
certain level of performance
Capability
strategic skills necessary to
integrate and apply
competencies
Technologies
tools and methods required to
produce certain physical result
☛ book p.16
what employees know and know how to do
Intellectual assets = ∑

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☛ book p.14

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Wiig (1993) considers KM in organizations from three perspectives,
each with different horizons and purposes:
§ Business Perspective : focusing on why, where, and to what extent the
organization must invest in or exploit knowledge. Strategies, products
and services, alliances, acquisitions, or divestments should be
considered from knowledge-related points of view.
§ Management Perspective : focusing on determining, organizing,
directing, facilitating, and monitoring knowledge-related practices
and activities required to achieve the desired business strategies and
objectives.
§ Hands-on Perspective : focusing on applying the expertise to
conduct explicit knowledge-related work and tasks.
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22Source: http://www.knowledge-management-tools.net/IM_vs_KM.html

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The major business drivers behind today’s increased interest and application of KM lie
in 4 key areas:
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Globalization of Business
•Organizations today are more global – multisite, multilingual, and multicultural in nature
Learner Organizations
•We are doing more and we are doing it faster, but we also need to work SMARTER as
KNOWLEDGE WORKER – increased pace and workload
Corporate Amnesia
•We are more mobile as a workforce, which creates problems of knowledge continuity for the
organization, and places continuous learning demands on the KNOWLEDGE WORKER
Technological Advances
•We are more connected – IT advanced have made connectivity not only ubiquitous but has radically
changed expectations
#1
#2
#3
#4

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Organization
Community
Individual
• Helps people do their jobs and save time through
better decision making and problem solving
• Builds a sense of community bonds within the
organization
• Help people to keep up to date
• Provides challenges and opportunities to
contribute
• Develops professional skills
• Promotes peer to peer mentoring
• Facilitates more effective networking
and collaboration
• Develops a professional code of ethics
that members can adhere to
• Develops a common language
• Cross fertilizes ideas and
increases opportunities for
innovation
• Enables organizations to
better stay ahead of the
competition
• Builds organizational
memory
• Helps drive strategy
• Solves problems quickly
• Diffuses best practices
• Improves knowledge
embedded in products and
services

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§ What is the difference between information and knowledge?
Information is “know what” while knowledge is “know-how.” Information is “what is” while knowledge
is “what works.”
§ What is Tacit knowledge? Explicit knowledge?
Knowledge that is not recognized, articulated, documented or encoded is called tacit knowledge.The
most common example is your expertise. Another is a proven work process that has not been
documented. Knowledge that is documented in print or audio-visual material or encoded in
databases is explicit knowledge.
§ What is “Knowledge Management”?
Knowledge management (=KM) is sourcing and deploying knowledge assets for better work
performance.
§ What is the difference between KM and Information Management?
KM focuses on information that is useful for effective action. KM is concerned with both explicit and
tacit knowledge, while information management deals largely with explicit knowledge.While
information management largely uses information/communication technologies (=ICT), KM uses both
behavioural/social tools and ICT.
§ Why is KM important today? ?
§ Globalization and virtualization of business (multisite, multilingual and multicultural nature)
§ Learner organizations and corporate amnesia (problems of knowledge continuity)
§ Technological advances (knowledge availability – always available and up-to-date)
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxkowNYA5mQ

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