The document outlines the main systems of automobiles. It begins with an overview and outline of the systems. It then provides more detailed descriptions of 11 key systems: body and chassis, engine, fuel system, exhaust system, lubrication system, cooling system, drivetrain, steering system, braking system, suspension system, and wheels and tires. It also briefly outlines 15 additional supporting and auxiliary systems. The document aims to provide information on the objectives, components and functions of major automobile systems.

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SistemasAutomóveis
Automotive Systems
Overview
Mário Alves (mjf@isep.ipp.pt)

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SistemasAutomóveis
Automotive Systems – Outline
Main Systems Supporting Systems Auxiliary Systems
1. Body & Chassis 12. Charging 18. Active Safety
2. Engine 13. Starting 19. Passive Safety
3. Fuel 14. Lighting & Signalling 21. Security
4. Exhaust 15. Ignition 22. HVAC
5. Lubrication 16. Pre-Heating 23. Infotainment
6. Cooling 17. In-vehicle Comm. 24. Interior Lighting
7. Drivetrain ... 25. V2X Communications
8. Steering 26. On-Board Diagnosis
9. Braking
10. Suspension
11. Wheels & Tires
Underlined topics will be addressed more thoroughly in the SIAUT course

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SistemasAutomóveis
1. Body and Chassis
• Body (aka Autobody) is the outer fiberglass/metal shell of an
automobile (as opposed to the chassis)
• http://www.dictionary.com/browse/auto-body
• Chassis (aka Vehicle Frame), is the main supporting structure
of a car, i.e. a frame upon which the main parts of an
automobile are built
• http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/chassis
• The construction design can be:
• Body-on-Frame (separated chassis and body)
• Unibody (integrated chassis and body)
https://youtu.be/IhbXPzPlzNI

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SistemasAutomóveis
1. Body and Chassis
• Unibody construction
• Most road cars today utilize unibody construction, i.e. the body of the
car is integrated with the chassis.
https://www.quora.com/What-does-the-chassis-of-a-car-look-like

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SistemasAutomóveis
1. Body and Chassis
• Body-on-Frame construction
• Trucks may use body-on-frame construction, i.e. the body just sits on
top of the chassis.
http://http://gwagendays.com/vehicle/

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SistemasAutomóveis
2. Engine
• Road vehicle Engines
• Internal Combustion (ICE)
• Air/fuel combustion occurs inside a cylinder
• Reciprocating or Rotary piston movement
• Spark Ignition (SI) or Compression Ignition (CI)
• 2/4-stroke cycle
• Hybrid
• ICE + Electrical
• Series/Parallel
• Electric
• DC/AC
https://xorl.wordpress.com/2011/03/05/the-basics-of-4-stroke-internal-combustion-engines/

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SistemasAutomóveis
3. Fuel System
• Main components (for SI and CI)
• Fuel tank
• Fuel pump(s)
• Fuel filter
• (Fuel accumulator)
• Fuel injectors
http://bilan.dynu.com/fuel-system-diagram

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SistemasAutomóveis
4. Exhaust System
• Objective
• route exhaust gases from the engine, safely, silently and such that gas
emissions do not harm humans nor the environment
• Components
• catalytic converters + particulate filters, to reduce emissions of
pollutants,
• Mufflers, for noise attenuation,
• exhaust manifold, pipes,…
https://www.dieselnet.com/tech/diesel_exh_sys.php#intro

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SistemasAutomóveis
5. Lubrication System
• Objective
• Lubricating the moving parts of an ICE
• Cooling
• Components
• Oil pan
• Pickup screen
• Oil pump
• Oil filter
• Oil galleries/nozzles
• Oil pressure indicator
• Oil level indicator
http://schoolworkhelper.net/car-oil-lubrication-system-overview/

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SistemasAutomóveis
6. Cooling System
• Objective
• keep the engine at its most efficient operating temperature, at all
speeds and under all operating conditions
• Components
• Radiator
• Fan
• Water pump
• Thermostat
http://teresasgarage.com/automotive-411/engines-cooling-system/teresasgarageonlinestore

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SistemasAutomóveis
7. Drivetrain (Power Transmission System)
• Objective
• to transfer engine power to the driving wheels, enabling a smooth and
optimal operation at all driving
• Components
• (Crankshaft), Flywheel, Clutch, Gearbox
• Propeller/Drive-Shaft, Differential, Front/Rear Axles
http://www.wikipedy.com/free_car_facts_about_automobiles_associations.htm

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SistemasAutomóveis
8. Steering System
• Objective
• to enable the driver to steer the wheel, safely and smoothly
• Components
• drive wheel, steering column/shaft, rack/pinion steering gear
• (power steering reservoir, pump and hoses)
http://repairpal.com/power-steering

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SistemasAutomóveis
9. Braking System
• Objective
• to enable the driver to reduce the vehicle’s speed, safely and smoothly
• Components
• Brake pedal, master cylinder, combination valve, drum/disk brakes,
tubes/hoses
http://repairpal.com/power-steering

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SistemasAutomóveis
10. Suspension System
• Objective
• maximize friction between tires and road
• guarantee steering stability
• maximize passengers comfort
• Components
• springs
• shock Absorbers (dampers)
• torsion bars
• anti-sway/anti-roll bars
http://auto.howstuffworks.com/car-suspension4.htm

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SistemasAutomóveis
11. Wheels and Tires
• Objective
• robust, lightweight
• maximize friction with road, during acceleration and braking
• guarantee steering, acceleration and braking stability
• minimize rolling noise
• under different road and weather conditions
• for tens of thousands of km
• Components
http://www.3dartistonline.com/image/12680/tire_cutaway

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SistemasAutomóveis
12. Charging System
• Objective
• Supply all required energy for the electrical and electronic systems
• Robust, light
• Components
• Battery
• Alternator
• Voltage Regulator
• Fuses/cables
• Ignition switch
• Drive Belt
http://motorist.org/articles/battery-information

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SistemasAutomóveis
13. Starting System
• Objective
• Driving the ICE (at 80-100 RPM) so as to initiate the engine's
operation under its own power.
• Components
• Battery
• Ignition Switch (Start)
• (Flywheel/Ring Gear)
• (Drive) Pinion Gear
• Starter Motor (or Starter)
• Starter Solenoid/Relay
http://motorist.org/articles/battery-information

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SistemasAutomóveis
14. Lighting & Signaling Systems
• Objective
• light the roadway for the driver and allow others to see the vehicle's
presence, position, size, direction, and the driver's intentions regarding
direction and speed
• Components
• Headlights, Taillights, Stoplights, Front/Rear Fog-lights, Turning
lamps, Reversing lamps
http://www.car-lighting-selector.com/en/features.html

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SistemasAutomóveis
15. Ignition System (for SI engines)
• Objective
• Ignite the air/fuel mixture in Spark Ignition (SI) ICEs
• Components
• Battery
• Spark Plugs
• (High Voltage Cables)
• Ignition Coil(s)
• (Distributor)
• Igniter(s)
• ECU
• Sensors
http://repairpal.com/ignition-system

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SistemasAutomóveis
16. Preheating System (for CI engines)
• Objective
• Pre-heat the pre-chamber (indirect injection) or combustion chamber
(direct injection) to aid starting Compression Ignition engines
• Components
• Battery
• Glow Plugs
• High Current Cables
• Relay(s)
• (voltage divider resistor)
• ECU
• Sensors
http://www.tb-training.co.uk/MarineE07.html

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SistemasAutomóveis
17. In-vehicle Communications
• Objective
• enable inter-communication between sensors, controllers and actuators
• Examples
• CAN
• FlexRay
• LIN
• MOST
• Bluetooth
http://www.renesas.eu/applications/automotive/technology/networking/index.jsp

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SistemasAutomóveis
18. Active Safety Systems
• Objective
• Help (the driver) to prevent accidents
• Examples
• Braking
• Traction
• Cruise speed
• Vehicle Stability
• Obstacles detection
• Driver’s attention
• Ergonomics
• …
http://www.kestrelradarsensors.com/doppler-radar/

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SistemasAutomóveis
19. Passive Safety Systems
• Objective
• Protect people (occupants, pedestrian) injury upon accident
• Examples
• Seatbelts
• Airbags (int/ext)
• Headrests
• Car structure
• Car body/glasses
• Baby chairs
• …
http://www.motorward.com/2012/03/volvo-v40-pedestrian-airbag-technology-explained/

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SistemasAutomóveis
20. Security Systems
• Objective
• Protect/discourage violation of the vehicle/occupants
• device installed in a vehicle in an attempt to discourage theft of the
vehicle itself, it
• Examples
• Door lock
• Alarm
• Cybersecurity
• …
https://gigaom.com/2013/08/06/ciscos-remedy-for-connected-car-security-treat-the-car-like-an-enterprise/

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SistemasAutomóveis
21. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems
• Objective
• Control cabin temperature and humidity
• Components
• Radiator
• Water pump & valve
• A/C belt & compressor
• Ventilation fan & hoses
• ECU & sensors
http://repairpal.com/heating-ac

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SistemasAutomóveis
22. Infotainment Systems
• Objective
• Providing Information and Entertainment services to occupants
• Examples
• Dashboard, navigation, traffic/weather, multimedia, HUD,…
http://telematicswire.net/parrot-signs-rear-seat-infotainment-deal-with-a-german-car-maker-for-their-4-door-sports-car/

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SistemasAutomóveis
23. Interior Lighting Systems
• Objective
• Providing lighting to occupants, inside the vehicle
http://averagejoerestoration.com/1966-mustang-wiring-diagrams/

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SistemasAutomóveis
24. Accessories Control Systems
• Objective
• Electrical  automatic  integrated
operation of different accessories
• Examples
• Doors/trunk
• Windows, roof/convertible top
• Mirrors adjustment
• Wipers/washers
• Window/mirror defoggers
• Headlights leveling
• Seats adjustment/heating
http://qnxauto.blogspot.pt/2014/01/qnx-at-ces-key-fob-on-steroids.html

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SistemasAutomóveis
25. V2X Communication Systems (Telematics)
• Objective
• Share critical real-time information between vehicles (V2V), road
infrastructure (V2I) and pedestrian, for improved safety, security,
traffic flow, comfort, entertainment, remote diagnosis…
• Examples
• Collision mitigation (lane change, brake, intersection)
• Traffic signs scheduling
• Remote diagnosis
• Emergency assistance
http://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/4/3/380/htm

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SistemasAutomóveis
25. Vehicle Diagnostics/Inspection Systems
• Objective
• Facilitate, automate and normalize vehicle diagnosis/inspection
through appropriate standards, procedures and tools
• Examples
• On-Board Diagnosis
• Remote Diagnosis
• Test & Measurement tools
• Periodic Vehicle Inspection
http://www.bosch-presse.de/presseforum/details.htm?txtID=4789&locale=en

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SistemasAutomóveis
Glossary (English  Portuguese)

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SistemasAutomóveis
Bibliography
[1] http://www.slideshare.net/ShobhitGosain1/defining-automotive-technology-by-
soulsteer
[2] http://www.howdoesacarwork.com/
[3]