Roman Civilization

1. T H E O R G A N I Z E R S
ROME

2. Romulus and Remus
The twin founders of Rome, Romulus
and Remus were the sons of Mars.
The God fearing their potential threw
them in the Tiber River, were they
were saved and raised by a wolf until
adopted by a peasant farmer.

3. D U T Y T O FA M I LY, C L I E N T S , PAT R O N S A N D
R E P U B L I C
“MORAL SERIOUSNESS”

4. Citizen-Soldier
• 17-46 tax-paying males
• reported to forum within 30 days, when a red flag was
raised
• All soldiers took an oath binding them to army until death
or end of war
• Legions of 4,000 men
• Companies of 40 with a 100 soldiers
• Decimation- 1 out of 10 soldiers killed for disobeying
orders

5. SOCIAL CLASSIFICATIONS
Patricians
• 6 % of populations
• Socially superior
• Legal advantage
• Members of Senate
Plebeians
• 94 % non-slave
population
• Working class people

6. SOCIAL REFORM FOR
MOBILITY
P L E B E I A N S R E V O LT E D U N T I L T H E Y R E C E I V E D A W R I T T E N L AW,
T H E A B I L I T Y T O M A R R Y PAT R I C I A N S A N D E Q U E S T R I A N C L A S S
F O R M E D .

7. R O M E V S . C A RT H A G E
PUNIC WARS

8. • 1st over Sicily
• 264-241 bc
• troops sent to island
• Rome won control of Sicily
• 2nd over Spain
• 218-201 bc
• Hannibal Barca marches 40,000
men, 6,000 horse and 35
elephants over Alps
• Carthage terrorizes Rome for 17
years
• Publius Cornelius Scipio
attacked Carthage
• Rome gains control of Spain
• 3rd Carthage
• 146 bc Rome destroys the city of
Carthage
THREE MAJOR
CAMPAIGNS

9. L E G I O N S W E R E PA I D B Y G E N E R A L S , T R O O P S W E R E L O YA L T O
G E N E R A L N O T T H E C O U N T R Y.
ROMAN GENERALS SAW WAR AS THE ROAD TO UPWARD
POLITICAL MOBILITY.

10. SLAVERY IN ROME
Slave Population
• 35- 40 % of population
• 200,000 captured for war
conquests
Garbage Collection
Mining
Acting
Prostitution
Revolts
• 135- 71 bc Slave revolts
• 73-71 bc Gladiator Slave
Spartacus revolts
• 70 fellow gladiators
• 6,000 followers crucified
when revolt was stopped

11. A R T, L I T E R AT U R E , L A N G U A G E , T U T O R S ,
T E A C H E R S
“CAPTIVE GREECE TOOK HER
CAPTOR CAPTIVE”- HORACE

12. POLITICAL MURDER
G R A C C H I B R O T H E R S , T I B E R I U S A N D G A I U S , W E R E B O T H
M U R D E R E D A S R E S U LT O F U N P O P U L A R P O L I T I C S I N T H E
S E N AT E .

13. • Pompey
• Supported by
Senators
• Julius Caesar
• Supported by
populous
• Crassus
• Supported by
business owners
Triumvirate- rule divided
among three political
rivals. Meant as a balance
of power.
3-HEADED
MONSTER

14. 4 9 B C
JULIUS CAESAR MARCHES ACROSS RUBICON

15. • Julius Caesar followed
Pompey to Egypt, to
gain control of Rome
• He supported Cleopatra claims to the
throne with his army
• Spend the winter and
have a baby boy
• 46 bc Cleopatra follows Julius on his
return to Rome
Cleopatra IV and Julius
love story.
EGYPTIAN
ROMANCE

16. 4 8 B C
JULIUS CAESAR TAKES TITLE DICTATOR, FOR LIFE

17. 44 bc
Julius Caesar is murdered
by Senate.
“BEWARE
THE IDES
OF
MARCH”
ET TU, BRUTE?

18. 2ND TRIUMVIRATE
• Marc Anthony- general who controlled Julius Caesar’s
fortune
• Octavian- Julius Caesar, adopted son, grand nephew
• Lepidus- general

19. BAD ROMANCE
• Octavian married Marc
Anthony to his sister,
Octavia, to gain his
loyalty.
• While governing Egypt,
Marc Anthony is seduced
by Cleopatra.
• Together Marc Anthony
and Cleopatra had twins.
• 31 bc Octavian invaded
Egypt to seek revenge.
• Marc Anthony commits
suicide
• Cleopatra poisons herself
with venom to avoid
capture.

20. • Augustine (Octavian)
• First citizen of Rome
• Tiberius 14-37
• Paranoid, extreme executions
• Caligula 37- 41
• Wanted to be worshipped as a god
• Claudius 41- 54
• Imbecile, scared of wives
• Nero 54-68
• “how ugly and vulgar my life has become”
• Five Good Emperors
• Nerva 96-98
• Trajan 98- 117
• Hadrian 117-138
• Antonius Pius 138-161
• Marcus Aurelius 161-180
• Commodus 180-192
• Played in games as Gladiator, strangled by
wrestling partner.
The Emperors of Rome
THE
GOOD,
THE BAD,
AND THE
UGLY

21. TETRARCHS
D I O C L E T I A N D I V I D E D E M P I R E I N T O H A L F
“ A U G U S T I ” A D O P T E D A “ C A E S A R ” W H O M A R R I E D D A U G H T E R A N D W O U L D S U C C E E D
H I M I N R U L E .

22. M O V E T H E C A P I T A L F R O M R O M E T O C O N S T A N T I N O P L E
I N T H E E A S T. R O M A N E M P I R E I S N O W D I V I D E D I N T O
P A R T S .
EMPEROR CONSTANTINE