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Alveolar bone
Alveolar bone is the bone that forms the sockets for teeth and provides attachment for the periodontal ligament fibers. It has two parts - the alveolar bone proper which surrounds the root and the supporting alveolar bone which provides structural support. The alveolar bone proper consists of bundle bone, the cribriform plate containing Volkmann's canals, and lamellated bone. Osteoblasts form new bone on the surface while osteoclasts resorb bone, allowing for remodeling around teeth. The morphology and structure of alveolar bone is dependent on the number, size, shape and position of teeth.
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Alveolar bone
- 1. Alveolar Bone SDM Dept. Of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
- 2. Structure of Bone Medulla Cortex
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- 6. Parts of bone Periosteum &Endosteum Types of lamellae Harvesian system VolKman canal Cells of bone Matrix Marrow tissue
- 7. Immature Bone Maturebone Woven/bundle/Coarse fibred Lamellated/fine fibred Increase osteocytes -larger Less osteocytes- small Lacunae-Wider Lacunae-smaller Randomly arranged Osteon Fibres-thick ,bundles Thin, slender, regular arrangement, lamellae Ground substance is more Less
- 8. Parts of bone Periosteum &Endosteum Types of lamellae Harvesian system Volkman canal Cells of bone Matrix Marrow tissue
- 9. Gross appearance Compact Cancellous
- 10. Definition “Alveolar Boneis that part of maxilla & mandible that forms & supports the teeth” “Alveolar process is that bone of the jaws containing the sockets for the teeth”
- 11. Function It furnishesa media for attachment of periodontal ligament Undergoes continous remodelling in adaptation to occlusal forces.
- 12. Tooth Dependent Forits development & maintenance Morphology of Alv. Bone depends on Size Shape position of teeth If teeth are lost, Alv bone undergoes atrophy If teeth congenitally missing – Alv. Bone not developed
- 13. Parts of alveolarbone Sockets which hold the teeth -Alveolus Alveolus Rim Floor Alv. crest Fundus
- 14. Boundaries No distinctboundary Certain areas Alveolar bone fused with basal bone Anterior maxillary region Posterior Mandibular region.
- 15. Alveolar Bone CorticalPlate Central spongiosa Bone lining the alveolus
- 16. Structure Two Parts: Alveolar Bone proper: Thin lamellated bone that surrounds the root of the tooth Gives attachment to the PDL Fibres Supporting alveolar Bone: Surrounds the alveolar bone Proper Gives support to the socket
- 17. Alveolar Bone proper That lines the socket Forms the inner wall Two Parts: That facing the PDL – Bundle bone Cribriform plate Lamina Dura Lamellated Bone
- 18. That facing towardsPDL Immature bone Undergoes continous remodelling Tooth PL
- 19. Cribriform plate Anatomicalname Resembles a fine holed sieve Perforated by – foramina Transmit nerves &Vessels Holes – Volkman’s Canals
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- 21. Bundle Bone HistologicName Provides attachment to PDL fibres Bundles of Principle fibres are inserted as- Sharpey’s fibres
- 22. Lamina dura Radiologicname Alv bone –appears as radiopaque line Due to overlapping effect of X-Rays
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- 24. Lamellated bone Continouswith supporting alveolar bone Mature bone
- 25. Supporting alveolar bone Two Parts Cortical Bone Spongiosa
- 26. Cortical Bone Compactbone Forms inner &outer plates of the alveolar process Variations: Maxilla –thinner Mandible -Thicker Premolar, Molar region –Thicker Anterior region -Thin
- 27. Buccal cortical plate– Thick Lingual Cortical plate -Thinner Relation to Local anaesthesia maxilla perforated by many openings Infiltration is sufficient Mandible Dense cortical plate Nerve Blocks required
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- 29. Spongiosa Fills spacebetn. ABP and Cortical bone Variations; Maxilla –More Mandible -Less In ant region –both jaws : Spongiosa is absent Cortical plate is fused with ABP
- 30. Histology Lamellated thinbone More marrow spaces: Yellow or fatty marrow Red marrow seen in : Condylar process Angle of mandible Maxillary tuberosity Symphsis Menti
- 31. Interdental septum foundbetween two teeth Large or Small –Gap between the teeth
- 32. Interradicular septum Betweentwo roots Alveolar bone not fused –contain spongiosa
- 33. Alveolar Crest Rimof the socket Most prominent border of interdental septum Alveolus Rim Floor Alv. crest
- 34. Shape of AlveolarCrest Usually follows cervical line position of adjacent teeth Degree of eruption Buccolingual width of the teeth Enamel contour
- 35. Relationship with CEJ 1.5-2mm apical to CEJ Relation always maintained &Is constant Attrition Inclination
- 36. Arrangement of Trabeculae Present in Spongiosa More in max than in Mand When masticatory stresses increase –less spongiosa , thick CP When masticatory stresses decrease – more spongiosa , thin CP
- 37. Two types –R/A Type I Trabeculae – Regular Horizontal Thick Ladderlike Mandible Trajectorial pattern Along lines of stress
- 38. Type II Irregular Fine/Delicate No specific arrangement thin Maxila No trajectory pattern’,More marrow soace
- 39. Nutrient Canals Zuckerkandl&Herschfeld Interdental &Interradicular septum Contain –BV, lymph vessels and nerves Appear as radioluscent linera shadows Parallel to long axis of tooth
- 40. Transalveolar Fiberes Sharpey;sfibres pass straight through Continous with adj.tooth
- 41. Histologic changes inAlv. Bone Development maximum thickness –when teeth reach occlusion Loss of teeth – Atrophy Residual alv. ridge growth of jaws Mesial drifting
- 42. Functions supportive Protective Heamatopoietic Calcium Homeostasis Reserve tissue For PDL
- 43. Clinical Considerations Maxillaryteeth Easy to extract Infiltration is sufficient Infection in alv. Bone – R/F- loss of lamina dura Periodontal disease – Destruction of Alv.Bone
- 44. Orthodontic Treatment – Plasticity of the bone Cyst and tumours Effect of hormones –Hypo /Hyperparathyroidism
- 45. Osteoblast Line thebone surface Types- active& Resting No continous arrangement Uneven distribution Seperated from bone –thin rim of osteoid Modified Endosteum
- 46. Osteoclast Cells thatresorb bone Multinucleated cells (2-10) , can be mononucleated Origin: Fusion of Circulating monocytes Location: Howships lacunae- bay like recesses Arrangement –usually in clusters Content: Abundant golgi, mitochondria, lysosomes but little RER. Acid phosphatase Function – resorb bone
- 47. Morphologic Characteristics Ruffled/Striated border Clear zone
- 48. Electron Microscopy Sequenceof events; Removal of mineral/inorganic Matrix Degradation of org. matrix