Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism or an overactive thyroid. Drugs used to treat it include propylthiouracil and methimazole which reduce thyroid hormone production. Hypothyroidism is treated with levothyroxine to restore normal thyroid hormone levels. Radioactive iodine is also used to destroy thyroid tissue in conditions like hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer.

1. Thyroid drugs and anti thyroid
drugs
-shruthi shree gandhi.s
II Msc biochemistry

2. DRUGS USED TO TREAT
THYROID DISEAS
•
THYROID DISEASE
HYPOTHYROISISM
LEVOTHYROXINE(T4)
LEVOTHYRONIN(T
3)
HYPERTHYROIDIS
M
THYOAMIDES
(PROPYLTHIOURA
CIL)
IODINE
BETA BLOCKERS
(PROPANOLOL)
RADIO ACTIVE
IODINE I-131

3. THYROID DRUGS
These are exogenous source of thyroid hormone
ADMINISTERED FOR,
• hypothyroidism
• cretinism (severe thyroid dysfunction in child)
• myxedema(adult form)

4. HYPOTHYROIDISM
Hypothyroidism is a condition in which thyroid
gland does not produce enough
hormone.(underactive thyroid).
THREE TPYES OF HYPOTHYROIDISM
• primary hypothyroidism
• secondary hypothyroidism
• tertiary hypothyroidism

5. THYROID DRUGS -
HYPOTHYROIDISM
Thyroid replacement therapy restore normal
concentrations of thyroid hormones and
provide relief symptoms.
LEVOTHYROXINE(T4)
synthetic form of thyroxine (t4)
• given orally,on empty stomach,
• check pulse rate before giving >100 may cause
adverse cardiac effect.
• taken alone along with other medications
causes side effects.
• DONOT TAKE WITH ANTACIDS,IRON
PREPARATION OR SUCRALFATE THESE DRUGS
DECREASE THE ABSORPTION OF
LEVOTHYROXINE.

6. PRIMARY HYPOTHYROIDISM
PRIMARY HYPOTHYROIDISM IS
DEFINED AS LOW LEVELS OF BLOOD
THYROID HORMONE DUE TO
DESTRUCTION OF THYROID GLAND.
THIS DESTRUCTION IS DUE TO
AUTOIMMUNITY
,SURGERY,RADIOIODINE OR
RADIATION.
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURE:
•raised levels of (TSH)
•reduced levels of t4 in serum.
•no symptoms of thyroid disfunction.
•DRUG: levothyroxine

7. SECONDARY
HYPOTHYROIDISM
• It IS a rare disorder that describes an
underactive pituitary gland causing an
underactive thyroid.
• The pituitary gland produces thyroid-
stimulating hormone, also called
thyrotropin.
• The most common cause of secondary
hypothyroidism is a pituitary tumor.
• DRUGS:The purpose of treatment is to
replace the deficient thyroid
hormone. Levothyroxine is the most
commonly used medication.

8. TERTIARY HYPOTHYROIDISM
• In tertiary hypothyroidism, the
hypothalamus is unable to produce
sufficient levels of thyrotropin
release hormone (TRH)
• Tertiary hypothyroidism is
characterized by abnormally low
levels of thyroid hormone (T3 and T4)
production, where the defect is at the
level of the hypothalamus.
• DRUGS:patients are treated with
levothyroxine; thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH) levels are checked to
monitor correct treatment doses.

9. CRETINISM
• It refers to severe hypothyroidism in an infant
or child.
• this is due to the result of iodine dificiency
• it is a rare syndrome
• drug therapy (levothyroxine )started within six
weeks of birth and continued for life or mental
retardation may result.

10. THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF
THYROID DRUGS
• including returning to normal metabolic
activities ,
• increased energy and activity level
• increased alertness and appetite
• increased pulse rate and temperature
• decreased constipation
• reversal of skin and hair problems,

11. ADVERSE EFFECTS OF THYROID
DRUGS
• it occurs with hyperthyroidism,
• due to over dose such as agina,myocardial
infarction,nervousness,tremors,insomnia,hyper
activity,diarrhea,congestive heart failure

12. ANTI THYROID DRUGS
• These drugs decrease the production or release of
thyroid hormones
ADMINISTERED FOR
• HYPERTHYROIDISM,associated with
• graves disease
• thyroiditis,
• thyroid carcinoma
• nodular goter,
• pitutary adenoma that secretes excessive amounts of
TSH

13. HYPERTHYROIDISM –ANTI
THYROID DRUGS
the treatment for hyperthyroidism is
• to reduce the production of t4 and t3
hormones,
• restore TSH and thyroid hormones to normal
• avoid complete destruction of thyroid gland

14. ANTI THYROID DRUGS
THIOAMIDE DERIVATIVES
These are used to reduce the blood levels of thyroid
hormones before radioactive iodine therapy or
surgery.
These are given in combination before thioectemy.
• propythiouracil
• Methimazole
• carbimazole
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
These are small sulfur containing thioamides that
inhibit thyroid hormone synthesis by blocking the
peroxidase catalysed reactions ,iodination of the
tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin and coupling of
DIT and MIT .
Propylthiouracil and methimazole inhibit the
peripheral conversion of t3 to t4. because the
thiamides do not inhibit the release of performed
thyroid hormone,requires 3-4 week for full efect.

16. Graves' disease is an
autoimmune disorder
that causes
hyperthyroidism, or
overactive thyroid. In
this disease, the immune
system attacks the
thyroid and causes it to
make more thyroid
hormone than your
body needs.
Drugs: prescription
medications
include propylthiourac
il and methimazole .

17. IODINE PREPARATIONS
• lugol’s solution
• potassium iodide
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Iodine salts inhibit iodination of tyrosine and thyroid
hormone release.
inorganic iodine given in pharmacologic doses (as
lugol’s solution or as saturated solution of
potassium iodide [sski]) decreases its own
transport into the thyroid, inhibits iodine
organification (the wolff-chaikoff effect), and
blocks the release of t4 and t3. it also reduce blood
flow within the thyroid gland.EFFECT IS
TEMPORARY

18. BETA BLOCKERS
proponolol
• Inhibit adrenergic effects
• While beta blockers will not change the levels of thyroid hormone in your
blood, they will make you feel better by reducing some of the symptoms of
hyperthyroidism, including increased heart rate, shakes, and nervousness.
• In patients with thyrotoxicosis (thyroid storm), or symptomatic
hyperthyroidism, there is an excess of thyroid hormone (T4 & T3)
production and secretion that may result in increases in heart rate, tremors
and nervousness.
• Propranolol is the most widely studied non-selective, beta-1 and beta-2-
blocker that can treat the increased heart rate and tremor.
• Additionally, it may reverse some of the reduced systemic vascular
resistance and inhibit the peripheral conversion of T4 to the more
biologically active hormone, T3.

19. RADIOACTIVE IDODINE
• radioactive iodine is a medicine that you take
one time.
• after it is swallowed, it is taken up by the
thyroid gland. depending on the dosage used,
• the radioactivity in the iodine destroys most or
all of the tissue in your thyroid gland, but it
does not harm any other parts of your body.
Thyroid Cancer/carcinoma
Many types of growths and tumors can develop in the thyroid gland.thyroid gland
contains two types of cells follicular cells and c cells.
Drugs:RADIOACTIVE IDODINE