1. Training report on
Industrial training at
On the topic:-
ROHINI RADAR
Submitted to:-
Submit by:
SHIV KUMAR KAPIL
B.Tech IV year, EE
REC Ambedkar Nagar
Submit to:
Mr. Mayank Kumar Gutam
(Head Of Dept. EE
3. INTRODUCTION
RADAR is an acronym for
Radio Detecting And Ranging.
First successfully demonstrated
in 1936.
It uses electromagnetic waves.
It enjoys wide range of
application.
The World War II RADAR
‘Wurzberg Rise’
5. Radar Range Equation
Rmax = [Pt .G.б.Ae / (4П)2Smin]1/4
G = 4ПAe / λ2
Ae = G.λ2 / 4П
Where Smin = Minimum power received
Pt = Power transmitted
G = antenna gain
б = radar cross section of target
Ae= effective area
Rmax = Maximum Radar Range
7. Primary Radar
A Primary Radar transmits high-
frequency signals which are reflected at
targets. The arisen echoes are received and
evaluated.
Secondary Radar
At these radar sets the target must have a
transponder (transmitting responder) on
board and this transponder responds to
interrogation by transmitting a coded reply
signal.
8. Continuous Wave Radar
Continuous-wave radar is a type
of radar system where a known stable
frequency continuous-wave radio energy is
transmitted and then received from any
reflecting objects. Continuous-
wave (CW) radaruses Doppler, which renders
the radar immune to interference from large
stationary objects and slow moving clutter.
9. Pulse Radar
A pulse radar is a radar device that emits short and powerful
pulses and in the silent period receives the echo signals. In
contrast to the continuous wave radar the transmitter is
turned off before the measurement is finished.
13. RADAR ANTENNA
An antenna either receives energy from an
electromagnetic field or radiates electromagnetic
waves
produced by a high frequency generator.
Parabolic antenna Cassegrain antenna Slot antenna
14. TRANSMITTER
A radar transmitter generates RF- energy
Necessary for scanning the free space.
RECEIVER
The function of the receiver is to take the weak
echoes from the antenna system, amplify them
sufficiently, detect the pulse envelope, amplify
the pulses, and feed them to the indicator.
16. A-SCOPE
Presents only the range to
the target and the relative
strength of the echo.
B-SCOPE
It provides a 2-D representation in
which
horizontal axis represents
measurement of azimuth
(bearing) and vertical axis
represents the
measurement of the range.
17. PLAN-POSTION INDICATOR(PPI)
It is an intensity-modulation type display system
which indicates both range and
bearing angle of the target
simultaneously in polar
coordinate.
The distance of the bright spot
radiating outward from the
centre gives the range or the
distance of the target from the
radar transmitter while the
direction in which the spot
deflects at certain instant corresponds to the direction of
radar antenna (i.e. target direction) at that instant.
18. RADAR is used to find velocity, range and
position of the object.
Advantage of RADAR is that it provide
superior penetration capability through any
type of weather condition.
LIDAR is advanced type of radar which uses
visible light from laser.
CONCLUSION
19. REFERENCES
[1] M. Kulkarni, “Microwave and Radar
Engineering”, 3rd edition, Umesh Publication, 2003,
pp. 493 – 536
[2] Merri.I.skolnik, “Intoduction to Radar System”,
3rd edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2003
[3]“Types of Radar”, Engineers Garage,2012[online].
Available: http://www.engineersgarage.
com/articles/type-of-radars [accessed: September
2012]
[4] “Types of Radar”, Cristian Wolff, June 10,
2012[online]. Available:http://www.radartutorial
