Maslow's hierarchy of human needs is a theory that proposes humans have five categories of needs that motivate behavior. The needs range from basic physiological needs like food and shelter to more advanced needs like esteem and self-actualization. The theory suggests lower level needs must be satisfied before higher level needs can motivate behavior. The hierarchy is often depicted as a pyramid with physiological needs at the base and self-actualization at the top. Maslow's theory is still relevant for understanding human motivation but has limitations as needs may not always follow a strict hierarchy and vary between individuals.

1. Maslow's hierarchy of
human needs
Presented by:
Shekhar. S
PM2015413
NIPER

2. Needs
• Needs are something that are necessary for an organism to live a
healthy life
• Distinguished from wants
• Deficiency causes a clear adverse outcome: a dysfunction or death
• Two types
1. Objective/Physical
E.g. Food, Shelter etc..
2. Subjective/ Psychological
E.g. Self-esteem, Affection etc..

3. needs
Subsiste
nce
Protectio
n
Affection
Understa
nding
Participa
tion
Leisure
Creation
Identity
Freedom
Fundamentals
of human needs

4. The needs - Meaning
Need Meaning (having things)
Subsistence food, shelter, work
Protection social security, health systems, work
Affection friendships, family, relationships with nature
Understanding literature, teachers, policies, educational
Participation responsibilities, duties, work, rights
Leisure games, parties, peace of mind
Creation abilities, skills, work, techniques
Identity language, religions, work, customs, values, norms
Freedom equal rights

5. Abraham Maslow
• American psychologist
• Professor at Brooklyn College
• Creator of Maslow's hierarchy of needs
• Stressed the importance of focusing on the positive qualities in people

6. Maslow's hierarchy of human needs
• It is a theory of psychology written in his paper "A Theory of Human
Motivation" in Psychological Review in 1943
• It is the part of human motivation
• You also can say them as stages of growth in humans
• A five stage triangle assumes that a person attempts to satisfy the
more basic needs before directing behavior toward satisfying upper-
level needs

7. Theory
“We each have a hierarchy of needs that ranges from "lower"
to "higher." As lower needs are fulfilled there is a tendency for
other, higher needs to emerge.”
Daniels, 2004

8. A pyramid with the more basic needs at the bottom

9. Physiological Needs
• Mostly, literal requirements for human survival
• If not met, the human body cannot function
• Could be classified as basic animal needs

10. Physiological Needs
What physical
needs do every
person have?

11. Safety Needs
• Once physical needs are met, safety needs take over
• Safety of property against natural disasters, calamities, wars, etc.
• Health and well-being
• Financial and job security
• Law and order

12. Safety Needs

13. Social/Emotional Needs
• Next level to the safety needs
• Need to love and be loved by someone
• Facilitate outside social activities
• Encourage social interaction create team spirit
• Need to feel a sense of belonging and acceptance
• Allow participation

14. Social/Emotional Needs

15. Esteem Needs
• Need to be respected by others and in turn respect them
• Sense of contribution, to feel self-valued, in profession or hobby
• Lower - respect of others, the need for status, recognition, fame,
prestige, and attention
• Higher - self-respect, the need for strength, competence, mastery,
self-confidence, independence and freedom

16. Esteem Needs

17. Self Actualization Needs
• What a man can be, he must be
• Intrinsic growth of what is already in a person
• Growth-motivated rather than deficiency-motivated
• Cannot normally be reached until other lower order needs are met
• Rarely happens - < 1%
• Acceptance of facts, spontaneous, focused on problems outside self,
without prejudice

18. Self Actualization Needs

19. Modified/extended hierarchy of needs

20. Why do we need to know all this
Psychobabble?

21. Practice in Management
• Marketing and advertising
• As a business we must learn how to communicate how
our product or service communicates to one of these
levels of human needs
• Understanding the workers
• Understanding the employee needs and to motivate them
• Finally to achieve the objectives and goals
 Human Resource Management
 Employee’s Performance

22. Novartis case study
 Novartis believes that employees are an integral part of a company’s
success and that a healthy workforce underpins business growth and
innovation.
 Novartis launched Be Healthy in 2011 in 76 of its largest locations across
32 countries, spanning from Mumbai to Beijing to Sao Paulo to New
Jersey, and reaching 80% of employees.

23. Limitations of Maslow’s Theory
• Every individual is different from each other
• Not all employees are governed by same set of needs
• Each one driven by different needs at same point of time
• The theory is not empirically supported
• The theory is not applicable in case of starving artist as even if
the artist’s basic needs are not satisfied, he will still strive for
recognition and achievement

24. • The needs may not follow a definite hierarchical order. For
example, even if safety need is not satisfied, the social need may
emerge
• The need priority model may not apply at all times in all places
• The level of motivation may be permanently lower for some
people. For example, a person suffering from chronic
unemployment may remain satisfied for the rest of his life if only
he get enough food

25. Conclusion
• Theory is still important and relevant in today’s business
organizations for every organization that seek to obtain success
and excellence
• Any attempt to shy away from practical application of the
hierarchy of needs theory, will affect negatively the
organizational culture human resource management and the
employee’s performance, to achieve organizational excellence
and create good atmosphere, better work environment and
achieve target at the right time then a drive and application of
the theory is paramount

26. References
• International Journal of Business and Management Invention. Theory of the
hierarchy of needs. Application of the Maslow’s hierarchy of need theory;
impacts and implications on organizational culture, human resource and
employee’s performance. March 2013; Available from;
http://www.ijbmi.org/papers/Vol(2)3/Version-2/G233945.pdf (Last accessed
on 15th August, 2015)
• Human needs and human scale development. Available from;
http://www.rainforestinfo.org.au/background/maxneef.htm (Last accessed on
20th August, 2015)
• Forehand, G.A. and Gilmer, B,V. (1964). Environmental variations in studies
of organizational behavior, Psychology Bulletin, 62/14, 361-382.

27. • Global Journal of Management and Business Studies. Maslow’s Need
Hierarchy Theory: Applications and Criticisms. 10th Number 2013;
Available from;
http://www.ripublication.com/gjmbs_spl/gjmbsv3n10_03.pdf (Last
accessed on 17th August, 2015)
• Cardy, R.L. and Selvarajan T.T. (2004). Assessing ethical behavior.
Development of behaviorally anchored rating scale, Proceeding of
Southern Academy Management Meeting.
• GBC health. Novartis: be healthy program. Available from;
http://www.businessfightsaids.org/news/newsletters/2012/august/case-
study-of-the-month-novartis/ (Last accessed on 21st August, 2015)

28. Any
doubts..?