Osteoarthritis Site Analysis

Osteoarthritis Site Analysis
Analysis of osteoarthritis for each site was conducted in order to determine whether any of the joint
changes in the skeletal remains might indicate changes in physical activity levels before and after
colonization. To better ascertain the differences in the colonial eras, the prehistoric burials from
Corinth and Apollonia were separated from the colonial periods. Even though every site has
individuals of indeterminate sex only a comparison between those individuals for whom sex could
be reasonably estimated was done.
It is instructive to examine the occurrence of osteoarthritis on both the right and left sides of the
body. My initial assessment showed that there are no appreciable differences by side of any given
joint; therefore, only the left side is used for analysis (Table 4). Osteoarthritis of the vertebrae
obviously does not have a side, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis is simply counted as a
single joint. Examination of Table 4 indicates that there is a relatively high prevalence of
osteoarthritis in three particular joints; the hip, thoracic vertebrae, ... Show more content on
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As mentioned previously age was divided into three broad categories; Young (18–34), Middle–age
(35–49), and Older (50+) adults at each site (Figure 9). From an examination of Figure 9 we see that
those individuals with the higher prevalence of osteoarthritis occur in the Middle–age category at
Apollonia, Epidamnus, Corinth, and Lofkënd. Individuals in the Older adult category were impacted
more by osteoarthritis in prehistoric Apollonia. Unexpectedly, prehistoric Corinth remains show an
equal frequency of osteoarthritis occurring in the Young and Middle–age adult groups (Figure 9).
Unfortunately, prehistoric Corinth had a very small sample size and this sample may not accurately
represent the Corinthian pre–colonial population. (See Appendix A, B, and C for detailed
information about each
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Temporomandibular Asymmetry
The relevance of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) to malocclusion become a hot issue in
recent years. TMDs is a collective complex term for a group of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular
conditions which includes several clinical signs and symptoms involving the muscles of
mastications, temporomandibular joint, and associated structures (Manfredini et al., 2010; Ferreira
et al., 2013). The displacement of mandible can influence the modeling process of the TMJ, leading
to asymmetry. Eventhough a small amount of asymmetry in the maxillofacial region is common,
there is a critical threshold distance that is considered as asymmetric (Masuoka et al., 2007; Chu et
al., 2011; Almasan et al., 2103; Kang., 2015). At the same time many authors have shown ... Show
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The impact for the quality of life because functional problems that related to the role of
temporomandibular joint is in the stomatognatic system and also effect the facial appearance, such
as facial asymmetry (Serzgin et al., 2007; Khan et al., 2013). In daily practice, posteroanterior
cephalogram is used widely in detection of asymmetry mandible that involved skeletal and
dentoalveolar component (Pharaoh., 2014) Investigating the connection between morphologically
anatomy landmark with sign and symptom of TMDs, has been an interesting question than debating
about malocclusion causes TMDs or vice versa. Recent study reported that sign and symptom of
TMD as main risk factor in the occurance of mandibulofacial asymmetry (Purbiati et al., 2016).
Asymmetry in mandibular usually result in a shift of the chin and 70% of patients with facial
asymmetry and chin deviation presented structural and displacement asymmetry, while only 10%
showed pure displacement asymmetry and facial askeletal asymmetry was reported exists in patients
with chin deviation (Schmid et al., 1991; Hwai et al.,

Oclusion And The Definition Of Occlusion
Occlusion: Occlusion can be defined very simply: "it means the contact between teeth". the concept
can be further refined by defining those contacts between the teeth when the mandible is closed and
stationary as the static occlusion, and those contacts between teeth when the mandible is moving
relative to the maxilla as the dynamic occlusion. [1]
there are few terms in occlusion which needs to be explained to understand occlusion in detail.
Static Occlusion: static occlusion is the contact of upper and lower dentition when mandible is not
moving.
Centric occlusion (CO): can be described as the occlusion the patient makes when they fit their teeth
together in maximum intercuspation. Also, known as maximum Intercuspation Position (ICP). It is
the occlusion that the patient nearly always makes when asked to close their teeth together, it is the
'bite' that is most easily recorded because it is the bite patient is accustomed to, i.e. Habitual bite [1]
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It is the position of the mandible to the maxilla, with the intra–articular disc in place, when the head
of the condyle is against the most superior part of the distal facing incline of the glenoid fossa [1]
Dynamic occlusion: Dynamic occlusion is the functional occlusion in which mandibular and
maxillary teeth move relative to each other. other than the muscles of mastication there are two
guidance systems which are the main determinates of functional

Tmj Disease Research Paper
Running head: WHAT IS TMJ DISEASE? 1
What is This Pain in My Jaw?
Ricki L. Chase
Bradshaw Mountain High School
WHAT IS TMJ DISEASE? 2
Abstract
Keywords: TMJ, treatment, causes, pain
What is This Pain in My Jaw?
TMJ disease, also known as Temporomandibular Joint disorder which is a group of conditions that
cause pain and dysfunction in the jaw and in the muscles that control jaw movement (NIH). Some
signs and symptoms of this disease include pain or tenderness of the jaw, aching pain in and around
your ear, difficulty chewing or discomfort while chewing, aching facial pain, and locking of the joint
which makes it hard to open or close your mouth (Mayo
Clinic Staff). The way a normal healthy jaw works is a lot different than ... Show more content on
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Sometimes pain will return in the future and if that happens then they start treatment (Medline Plus).
[Heading 51 As far as research goes right now TMJ isn't too serious. It doesn't lead to other diseases
usually and it is almost always treatable. The outcome has a high success rate because of all of the
different treatments doctors and dentists have discovered. It is however very painful,
WHAT IS TMJ DISEASE? 5 more for some people than others. They usually start off with splints
and then depending on how bad it gets they move on to surgery if they have to (TMJ Hope).
References
Stacy. (2013). TMJ Disorder Splint Therapy. TMJ Hope.
NIH Publication. (2013). TMJ Disorders. National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial
Research.
Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (1998–2015). Diseases and Conditions
TMJ Disorders. Mayo Clinic.
A.D.A.M., Inc. (1997–2015). TMJ Disorders. Medline Plus Trusted Health Information for You
Elsevier Inc. (2012). Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms as Risk Factors for Temporomandibular
Joint Pain: A Prospective Cohort Study in the General Population. The Journal of Pain Official
Journal of the American Pain

A Short Note On Arthritis And Treatment Of Arthritis
The temporomadibular articulation is a synovial joint where the articulation is a complex
performance of the articular eminence and the condylar heads of the mandible within the glenoid
fossa (of the temporal bone). This synovial joint (whereby the space is divided into two by an intra–
auricular disc) permits significant function, as the surrounding capsule filled with synovial fluid
allows for its ginglymoarthroidal movement necessary for eating, deglutition, speech and yawning.
Unlike most synovial joints, the articular surfaces are covered by hyaline cartilage, whereas the
temporomadibular articulation is covered by a layer of fibrous tissue; histologically distinguishing
the temporomandibular joint's unique functionality of being able ... Show more content on
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Mechanical Stress
As the articular eminence is the primary surface on which the condyle translates and rotates during
movements of the mandible, it is the main point where forces are transferred from the mandible to
the cranium. The fibrocartilage and underlying subchondral bone is highly stress sensitive and
subject to vast remodelling. Any alteration to this mechanical loading can lead initiate the disruption
of cartilage matrix homeostasis and thus resulting in osteoarthritis. Excessive mechanical loading on
normal articular cartilage or normal mechanical loading on impaired articular cartilage (such as
severe malocclusion, skeletal jaw asymmetry and muscle overuse) can overload the TMJ and induce
proteolysis of extracellular matrix components.
Disordered occlusion has also reportedly resulted in subchonral bone loss and amplified osteoclast
activation while the new bone deposition exhibits a lower mineral density and poorer mechanical
properties.
Inflammation
Osteoarthritis is a low–grade inflammatory condition as opposed to rheumatoid arthritis which is a
high–inflammatory disease. The progression of these two diseases can be represented by the
presence of inflammatory cells; for example, certain cytokines (IL–12, IL–6, TNF–α) are increased
in the synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis which is speculated to be

Dental Articulator Essay
1) Introduction:
The information which is obtained from the master cast, occlusal rims and bases may be termed
static information. But as we know that the mouth is a dynamic system, and the static information is
converted from the laboratory. So this process is done by mounting the casts on an specific
instrument which is called DENTAL ARTICULATOR.
2) Definition:
 Mounting: It's a procedure of attaching the upper and the lower cast to an dental articulator or
similar instrument. This procedure is mainly produce in the laboratory.
 Articulator: An dental articulator is an instrument especially a mechanical instrument that
represents the temporomandibular joints (TMJ) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
 To stimulate the jaw hinge movements (opening and closing the jaws).
 To produce the border movements (extremely lateral and protrusive movements).
 To act as a patients in the absence of the patients.
 It can simulate, but they cannot duplicate the all possible mandibular movements.
 Articulator mount dental cast for diagnosis the case of the occlusion in both: opposing natural
teeth and for the relationship dentition and also mount dental cast for treatment planning.
 To aid in the fabrication of occlusal surfaces for dental restorations and prothodontic
replacements.
 To the arrangement of artificial teeth for removable complete and parital dentures.
 Dental articulator rectificate and modify completed restoration. 4) Advantages of Dental
Articulator:
The operator or the technician can see the patient's occlusion more obviousness especially from the
lingual aspect. The operator or the technician can make their jobs in comfortable way. The patients

appointment time and the considerable chair time too is saved. And the most important things that
the saliva, blood, tongue, and cheeks are not factors during the process in the

Temporomandibular Joint Pain Case Study
Result s The current study was conducted on nineteen patients 3 males (15.7%) and 16 females
(84.28 %) with mean age 26.26 years ± 6.24. Evaluation of temporomandibular joint pain by visual
analogue scale VAS during joint function was calculated by the statistical change in reference to the
preoperative records. Results revealed that the reduction in TMJ pain was statistically significant
after the first week (P=0.002) and the reduction in pain was improved along the study period till the
6th month (P≤0.001) as shown in (table 1). The graph in (Figure 1) show that; the significant
reduction in joint pain was reported after two weeks while the lowest pain level was achieved after
4th week. The maximal mouth opening was recorded as the ... Show more content on
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The biological effect of laser on live tissues depends on many factors and variables. Also light
penetration and absorption in biological tissue are dependent on several variables, and one of the
most important is the wavelength of the laser. Different wavelengths have been used for treatment of
TMDs: 632.8 nm neon–helium (He–Ne) laser, 670nm, 690nm, 780 nm, 830 nm, 890 nm,
wavelengths of 830 nm to 904 nm and 904 nm13, 14. In the current study the Diode laser of 870 nm
wavelength was used in continuous mode. In our study LLLT was applied as a non–invasive single
therapy in treatment of patients with TMD. Pain Visual analogue scale (VAS), maximal mouth
opening was used as clinical parameters to evaluate efficacy of the treatment. A meta–analysis
analysis conducted by Wen–Dien et al on the VAS scores, they considered A lower VAS scores
indicates a better treatment effect meaning the analgesic effect of LLLT on TMJ disorders as in the
current study 15. In the current study reduction in TMJ pain was statistically significant after the
first week (P=0.002) and the reduction in pain was improved along the study period till the 6th
month (P≤0.001). In agreement with a systematic review study conducted by Maia et al17 that
included 14 studies, at which, 12 studies

Summary: The Temporomandibular Joint Disorder
Topic Sentence 1: The Temporomandibular Joint Disorder is "a condition that causes frequent pain
to the jaw joint" (RelayHealth, 2013), that many people are not aware of experiencing it in some
time of their life. Sub points:
The Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) is the jaw joint. Basically, a person has two TMJ that works
together in order for the mouth to function well .
When a person feels pain in their jaw joints, and has a limited opening and closing of their mouth, it
is often referred to as the Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMD).
Fact: "About 35 million people in the U.S. suffer from TMD issues at some time in their lives"
(TMJ, n.d.).
Topic Sentence 2: The causes of TMD are usually due to improper personal hygiene of the patient,
The factors of TMD that can increase the risk of experiencing TMD could possibly come from
genetic, hormonal, and environmental.
Topic Sentence 3: The symptoms of TMD can be similar to the signs of other conditions, which can
lead to improper medication to the TMD patients. Sub points:
The common symptoms of TMD are: headache, earache, painful clicking or popping sounds when
moving the jaw, limited opening and/or closing of the mouth, and difficulty in eating and chewing
food.
For about 10 million of Americans, 90 percent of them women, consults their doctor for a proper
TMD treatment (Guthrie, 2001).
Topic Sentence 4: There are several treatments for TMD patients, but this researcher finds that
physical therapy is a very manageable method for treating TMD patients. Sub points:
A. Physical therapy is meant "to relieve musculoskeletal pain, reduce inflammation, and restore oral
motor function" (McNeely, Olivo, & Magee, 2006).
B. The physical therapy treatments used in TMD patients include: exercising methods, biofeedback
or relaxation training, and osteopathic

Arthrogram Summary
According to WebMD, an Arthrogram is a radiographic examination of a joint, such as a knee,
shoulder, hip, ankle or wrist. It is used to obtain a series of pictures by using special kinds of
radiographic imaging like fluoroscopy, MRI, CT and contrast. Contrast material is a dye that is
injected into the patient and helps the doctor see the soft tissue structures of that joint such as
tendons, ligaments, muscles, cartilage and joint capsule (Healthwise Staff, 2014, p. 1).Contrast is
either injected directly into the joint or indirectly where the dye is injected into the bloodstream and
absorbs into the joint. Without contrast these structures would not be seen on a regular radiographic
image. The article also states that Fluoroscopy helps take ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Arthrograms can indicate tears, degeneration or disease in joints, ligaments, cartilage or bones in the
joint. It can also help find problems with the rotator cuff, such as tears. The exam can be used to find
abnormal growths or fluid filled cysts. Arthrograms are used to confirm the correct placement of a
needle for fluid analysis. Fluid analysis is a test in which joint fluid is removed with a thin needle.
Along with guiding needles for fluid analysis, arthrograms are also used to place needles for
painkillers, such as a corticosteroid injection (Healthwise Staff,

Clear Lake Dental Care
People don't usually think of the dentist as the health care professional to see for chronic headaches
and migraines. Yet dentists are often instrumental in diagnosing and treating many cases of recurring
headaches. This is because a number of recurring pains in the head, neck, jaw, and face are caused
by conditions in the mouth and the rest of the craniofacial area. For example, recurring pain in the
temples on the sides of the head are usually caused by teeth grinding or clenching. In some cases,
misalignment in the teeth or jaw area can put pressure in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ, also
called the jaw joint) and lead to pain. If you experience frequent migraines and headaches, head and
neck pain, and popping or clicking sounds when you open or close your mouth, consult your dentist
in Webster right away. You may be suffering from TMJ disorder (TMD). Clear Lake Dental Care is
here to offer migraine headache prevention and relief in your current problem.
What Is TMJ?
The TMJs are your jaw joints on both sides of the head. This is the hinge joint that lets you open and
close your mouth. When the jaw joints are damaged because of teeth grinding, trauma, or gum
disease, you may experience pain and difficulty chewing and speaking. ... Show more content on
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To diagnose and rule out other causes of the pain, your dentist will perform a thorough oral
examination. For immediate and long–term relief from pain caused by TMD, your dentist may
recommend behavior modification, eating soft foods for a few days to reduce stress on the jaw
joints, gentle stretching exercises, anti–inflammatory medications, muscle relaxants, biofeedback,
stress management, and other conservative therapies. Surgery is usually performed when all other
treatments have

Chewing Gum Research Paper
Gum Chewing, a dangerous Threat
Gum, a tasty treat to chew on, but this treat can result in affecting your health. Studies defined that
chewing gum can cause a person's jaw to be used to temporomandibular joint disorder. The nasty
treat that people touch or see can make them disgusted, chewing gum makes public, or private
places unsanitary. In addition, chewing gum in experiments didn't really help students to regain
memory. Chewing gum should be prohibited in Middle schools, for students wellness, and health.
(TS) Chewing gum makes places unsanitary. (Lead–In) Mr. Jake Miller even states that middle
school is 60 years old, and is prohibited to chew gum since there was gum in water fountains. ...
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(Lead–In) To find out, scientists experimented on the test takers to find the results, in the lab. The
effect only lasted few minutes, but researchers think that chewing gum can give students in some
advantage. (Evidence) In article 3 it states " The chewing motion gets the blood flowing to the head,
teachers suggest, where it improves memory, according to how quickly a test – taker can recall
information in the lab. The effect only lasted a few minutes, but researchers think chewing gum
before the test could give students an advantage in some ways". (Analysis) Even Though researchers
tell chewing gum can increase heart rate and sending the blood to the brain about 15 to 20 min.
Onyer said that chewing gum didn't show improvements, which indicates that gum can have little
effect on memory. Article 2 states that " Chewing gum is known to increase heart rate and blood
pressure, sending more blood to the brain for a total of about 15 to 20 min. Mild exercise probably
has the same effect, as it also gets your heart rate up, '' Onyer said, the test takers who chewed gum
entire time didn't show this improvement. (Conclusion) Instead, students can chew on gum only
during the test period to regain

Temporomandibular Joint Disorder : The Fear Of My Brain
I woke up one fall morning in 2016 not being able to open my mouth. The irrational fear of lockjaw
that I had carried with me ever since childhood–– all the nightmares, all the time spent opening and
closing my mouth just to make sure I still could–– had become a reality. You would expect panic,
but instead, my emotional response flatlined. My hands gently shook as they worked on massaging
my jaw side to side to see if I could push it open, but mentally, a solid wall shot up between my
emotional and logical responses. What was the problem? What did I have to do to open my mouth
again? Once I did, I sat in bed with my mouth wide open, staring at the other side of the room. Tears
welled up and spilled over onto my cheeks. The wall came down, ... Show more content on
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Keeping yourself in check every waking hour is weird. You would think that it isn't, since you're
already alone with yourself all the time anyway. But to solve my problems, I had to understand
them. Every time I clench my teeth, I have to ask myself why I'm doing it. This routine has made me
understand myself more. I have a history of pretty common existential fears turning into full blown
phobias. When I was little, I used to panic every time we drove by a graveyard because I was
terrified of dying. When I got older, I spent hours not being able to sleep because not only was I
afraid of death, but I was also afraid of what I would think of myself right before I died. Was I doing
enough to make myself content with the life I lived? Would I have any deep regrets? To
oversimplify it, that's where all my teeth clenching comes from. Dying, and the few moments right
before my last breath. I want to know that I didn't waste my time down here.
Keeping yourself in check every waking hour is weird, but not impossible. Through dealing with my
TMJ, I discovered an area of existence that I didn't realize I had responsibility over. I am completely
control of where I end up and how I decide to live the rest of my life, and that's adulthood. You
follow what you're passionate about, and you work hard at it. So for now, do what makes you happy
and finish every day knowing you accomplished what you wanted accomplish.

Temporomandibular Disorder
When the kinematics of the TMJ may alter, the pathokinematics can show as dysfunction in intra–
articular or extra–articular structures or both (12–14). Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a
collective term for structural and functional disorders that involve the temporomandibular joint,
masticatory muscles or both, muscles of the head and neck, and contiguous tissue components
(9,36,64). The etiology of TMD is complex and multifactorial (64–66). Numerous factors can
contribute to TMDs. Trauma, disk deformation, occlusal abnormalities, and steepness of the
articular eminence, hyperactivity of the mastication muscles, and joint hypermobility or
degeneration has all been proposed as risk factors. Many factors also are associated with the causes
In 2013, the International Research Diag¬nostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Dysfunction
Consortium Network pub¬lished an updated classification structure for TMD. The new
classification The Diagnostic Criteria/Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) for TMD provides
a valid diagnostic classification for TMDs (83). Furthermore the classification of the American
Academy of Orofacial Pain (AAOP), first published in 1993 is often used in clinical settings (1).
The DC/TMD (85) describe 2 axes for examination. Axis I is divided into three groups, which are
the muscle disorders, joint disor¬ders related to temporomandibular disc derangements (disc
displacement with reduction (DDWR), disc displacement without reduction (DDWOR), and joint
disorders related to TMJ arthralgia, arthritis, and arthrosis. Axis II measures focus on identifying
psycho¬social characteristics that play a foun¬dational or indirect role in the primary

Literature Review On Tempromandibular Joint
Review of literature 1.1–Tempromandibular joint:
The tempromandibular joint (TMJ) is a synovial articulation between the mandibular condyle and
the squamous portion of the temporal bone.
The TMJ is one of the most complex, delecate and highly used joint in human body(okeson 2008).
Tempromandibular joint is a bi–condylar joint in which the condyles, the movable upper ends of
mandible, function at the same time (AAOMS,2007). 1.2– The Unique TMJ properties
1– The TMJ is a compound bilateral joint permits the mandible to move with two functional
patterns, hinge movement (inferior portion) and translation movement (superior portion).
2– The TMJ contrasts with other joints of the body in that its articular surfaces are primarily covered
with collagen instead of hyaline cartilage (Springer andGreenberg,2008).
3– No movement can be created in one joint without reciprocal movement occurring in the other
one.
4– Complete separation between the two compartments of the joint by ... Show more content on
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Thus, it covers the upper and lower surfaces of soft retrodiskal pad. In lower compartment, the
lining is continuous on the inner surface of the capsule then reflects on the condylar neck to a short
distance to articular margin on the anterior aspect of the neck and up to articular margin on its
posterior aspect. This forms fluid filled folds (sulci) in marginal gutters of joint cavity. Similarly in
upper compartment the membrane lines the inner surface of the capsule only and not the articular
surface of temporal bone or superior surface of the disk ( excepting upper surface of bilaminar
region ) (Helms et al,1990)

Innitus Research Paper
Effect of Low Level Laser Therapy on Otalgic Pain and I innitus Related to Temporomandibular
Joint Abstract Introduction: Temporamandibular disorders are one of the most common reasons that
patients attend dental clinics .According to complex anatomy of temporamandibular joint and its
proximity to ear joint disorders have been known as one the major reasons ot aural symptoms such
as Tinnitus. Otalgia, ear fullness and Vertigo. I he aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of
low level laser therapy (LLL. 1) in treating tinnitus that referred from temporomandibular joint
(TMJ). This is a prospective, randomized, double blind placebo–controlled trial. . , ;3 Materials and
Methods: Patients with subjective Tinnitus and Otalgia as their ... Show more content on
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Patients have received laser in the outer ear canal with the wavelength of 660 nm, 40 mW, 0 Hz, for
200 seconds with special acupuncture probe with dose of 2.9 J/cm2. Besides, patients have received
laser with 100mW,0 Hz and 8 J/cm2 .withot probe,directly and almost perpendicular to
temporomandibular joint and sensitive muscular regions . with The control group followed the same
schedule, but they have been treated with off–mode laser. The tinnitus intensity was evaluated by
THI( tinnitus handicap inventoryjand VAS(visual analog scale) before therapy commencement,
immediately after session 6, after the completion of session 12 of the therapy and also after one
month follow up. Paried T–test. wicoxon. man–whitney and friedman tests were used for data
analysis. Results: Amongst 33 patients between 15 to 60 which mean age of patients in laser group
was 38.94±11.86, and in control group was 37.12± 11.60 years, the study results have shown that in
laser group, both THI and VAS figures have significantly decreased(p=0.004). However, in control
group, pain intensity and tinnitus have not shown any significant difference in 4 time spans
(p=0.641). All patients are compared by four phases. Although results in all four phases were
significant, they have shown that mean figures of both tests after one month follow–up have reached
scores close to commencement of

Neuromuscular Dentist Research Paper
Finding a Neuromuscular Dentist
Neuromuscular dentists are not only concerned with the health of the teeth and gums, but with entire
system that allows us to chew, swallow and speak. The temporomandibular joint (or TMJ) is the
system of joints and muscles that allows us to open and close our mouths. Misalignment of this
system can lead to many painful symptoms.
Our practice focuses on finding the most harmonious position for the TMJ and the surrounding
tissues. Proper occlusion, or a "good bite", is achieved by finding the optimal resting position of the
jaw. This will allow the rest of the body to align properly, and will help relieve painful symptoms.
While we most often look for a neuromuscular dentist when we experience pain, in fact

Choosing A Dental Practice For Your Family
Why Choose Our Lexington, KY Dental Practice
Choosing a dental practice for your family can be a difficult process. To make it easier, we have
outlined all of the qualities that we think make our practice unique. Below you will find some of the
reasons our patients return again and again to Beaumont Family Dentistry for all of their oral health
care needs.
We Put Our Patients First
At Beaumont Family Dentistry, our patients are our priority. That means we do whatever we can to
make getting the care they need as simple as possible. Our convenient office hours and easy
financing options eliminate the hassle that you might find in other dental offices. We also offer an
after–hours contact number, so you can always reach one of our doctors in ... Show more content on
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We Provide Top–Notch Dental and Orthodontic Services
Our doctors are highly trained to provide the best quality of treatment possible to our patients. In
fact, all of our doctors have gone above and beyond what is required to practice dentistry. We focus
on continuing our education in order to keep up with the most modern techniques and practices in
the field. This additional training allows us to offer above–average care to our patients.
We work hard to make sure you are satisfied with the care you receive at Beaumont Family
Dentistry. If you are ready to schedule an appointment, please contact our office. We can be reached
by phone or via our online form. A member of our team will be happy to help you set up a date and
time for your visit. We can't wait to help you get the care you need. (Tour Our Office)
Tour Our Lexington, KY Dental Offices
Our practice offers three convenient locations in Lexington, KY: one in the Beaumont area, one off
of Leestown Road near Masterson Station, and another in Hamburg off of Sir Barton Way. All three
offices are focused on stress–free, quality care in a relaxed environment. Each of our reception
rooms are cozy and include soft lighting, flat screen TVs, and fresh cookies and coffee. We offer
state–of–the–art digital technology, including a CT scanner (Beaumont location), CEREC same–day
crown technology, rotary endodontic technology, and laser technology. To make

Bruxism Essay
There are significant amount of studies mentioning sleep and wake–time bruxism as some of the
most harmful habits among stomatognathic system parafunctional activities, and a plausible cause of
joint overload or muscle damage (or both), and also one of the major roots of temporomandibular
disorders (TMD). The mechanism of how bruxism may result in muscular disorders can be
explained as follows: The impairment of blood flow and swelling caused by increased intramuscular
pressure analogous to other muscles, which results in masticatory muscle discomfort and pain
during and instantly after a sustained contraction; However the exertional pain declines rapidly once
the muscle relaxes and blood flow is restored again. One of the characteristics of ... Show more
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The macromolecular framework composed by chondrocytes is made of three classes of molecules:
proteoglycans, collagens, and noncollagenous proteins. Various experiments indicate that sheer
stress escalate the amount of nitric oxide released, which plays the role of a reactive oxygen
metabolite involved in joint pathogenesis. The surge of nitric oxide was linked to an increase in
chondrocyte apoptosis. While the exact mechanism of the change in chondrocyte metabolism caused
by stress still remains unknown, this change might accelerate the damage on cartilage resulting from
sheer stress. Therefore, extended clenching of the jaw can result in degenerative changes because of
the overloading happening over time. Sustained muscle contraction due to clenching is linked to an
increase in the sheer stress developed in the disc, which is resulted from the creep deformation
caused by disc compression. (4para) Similar to sustained clenching, in sleep bruxism at the start of
movement the highest maximum sheer stress is applied to the anterior region of disc, while the
stress in this region relax after several minutes, and instead the intermediate region bears the highest
maximum sheer stress. In sleep bruxism, the

Temporomandibular Research Paper
Thanks to the temporomandibular joints (TMJ), located on each side of the head, we are able to
chew food, speak, swallow and yawn without really thinking about it. But, according to an estimate
by the National Institute of Dental Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), over 10 million people in the
US have a problem with these joints, and women are more apt to be affected than men. So, if any of
your employees have difficulty opening their mouth or are complaining of jaw pain, they may be
dealing with a temporomandibular joint disorder.
How the TMJ Works
Not only does the temporomandibular joint move your lower jaw up and down, it also moves it side
to side. These movements are controlled by ligaments and muscles attached to the bone. And a soft
disc, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And because it is difficult to conclusively determine the exact cause of the joint pain, treatment
becomes challenging. This is why experts recommend that doctors and dentists approach TMJ
problems with not only conservative treatments, but with therapies that do not involve surgery or
invade the joint or the tissues around it.
Pain medications and nonsteroidal anti–inflammatory drugs (NASAIDs) can provide some relief,
and some dentists recommend oral appliances called splints to be worn for a short period of time.
Additionally, there's a lot your employees can do to ease their painful symptoms, like eating soft
foods, applying ice packs and avoiding extreme jaw movements, such as yawning widely, singing
loudly or chewing gum. Many dentists refer their patients with jaw problems to a physical therapist,
who may suggest exercises that can provide relief. Learning stress–reducing techniques is also
beneficial when dealing with facial pain.
It's important to let your employees know that most dental plans exclude coverage for TMJ
treatments because they largely have not been proven to be effective. But their medical coverage
will likely cover any necessary physical

Orthognathic Surgery Essay
Patients with dentofacial deformity require an orthognathic surgery for an improved facial profile
and a correction of skeletal malocclusion and asymmetry. The improvement of mastication, speech,
and swallowing functions as well as facial esthetic and psychosocial factors can be used to motivate
these patients before the surgery .
Any clinical conditions associated with temporomandibular joint (TMJ), masticatory musculature,
surrounding bony and soft tissue components, and any combinations of these structures are regarded
as temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Pain in masticatory muscles and TMJ, limited range of
motion of mandible, Joint noise (clicking, popping, or crepitus), myofascial pain, and other
functional limitations are manifestations ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These evaluations are performed pre, intra, and postoperatively to determine the status of TMJ
condition and managed appropriately. The changes of TMJ symptoms after orthognathic surgery are
associated with multiple factors including masticatory and facial musculature, and improvement in
disc–condyle relationship as well as psychological factor.
The gold standard imaging modality for TMJ by which changes in disc position, morphology, and
degenerative changes can be confirmed is magnetic resonance image (MRI).
Currently there is a controversy on the relationship between the TMJ and different types of
orthognathic surgery . Some authors claim that orthognathic surgery can improve TMJ dysfunction,
while others found adverse effects of the surgery on TMJ.
Most common OGS procedures involve surgical movement of lower jaw via ramus osteotomy and
upper jaw via LeFort I osteotomy. As far as LeFort I osteotomy is not associated with direct trauma
to TMJ or masticatory musculature, thus there are only minimal effects on mandibular movement or
TMJ

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Articulators
Beirut Arab University
Articulators
Submitted by: Yara Hassan Ismail
Submitted to: Dr. Ghada Ayyash
Date: Mon., Nov. 16th, 2015
Fundamentals of Occlusion
Content:
1. Introduction
2. Definition
3. Objectives or uses of articulators
4. Types of articulators
Relationships of Maxilla to Mandible
Before tackling the topic of articulators, the maxillomandibular relationship must first be introduced
as it provides the bases upon which dental prosthesis are fabricated and must be maximally
duplicated to ensure the success of a denture or restoration.
The temporomandibular joint involves the condylar head which moves along the petrous part of
temporal bone that makes up the mandibular/glenoid fossa. These condyles move the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, although it is unmovable unlike the mandible, the maxilla is in a fixed position relative
to the temporomandibular joint or the reference positions when the mandible has to function against
the maxillary teeth. This anatomical relationship, know as orientation relation, mandates its
recording when dealing with prosthesis or else it would lead to disharmony of occlusion and
eventually harming supporting and associated tissues.
In addition to the normal maxilla and mandibular positions discussed individually, the
maxillomandibular relationship must also be taken into consideration in the field of prosthodontics
and restorative dentistry. The maxillomandibular relationship accounts for the registration of any
positional relationship of the mandible with respect to the maxilla. The maxillomandibular relation
records are:
1. Orientation Relation Record: Relation of the maxilla to the intercondylar axis/temporomandibular
joint axis, an imaginary axis passing the condyles.

Anteriorly, the maxillary occlusal plane is adjusted to be parallel to the interpupillary line and
posteriorly it should be parallel to the Ala–tragus

What Is Occlusion As A Mechanical Instrument That...
Introduction: Occlusion has been described as the most important subject in all the disciplines of
dentistry, since it represents the way the teeth come together, and functions together. In restorative
cases, where the patient is completely or partially edentulous, an articulator is needed, which is a
mechanical device the holds the opposing casts, in order to be able to study the occlusion as in the
patients mouth. This device; articulator, has different objectives and types, that will be discussed in
the coming pages. Definition: An articulator is a mechanical instrument that represents the
temporomandibular joints and jaws. The attachment between the TMJ and jaws with the maxillary
and mandibular casts simulate some or all of the mandibular movements, which takes place around
the TMJ which is capable of undergoing complex movements. An articulator is considered as any
instrument which has a movable joint on which the maxillary and mandibular casts can be mounted.
These mandibular movements can be rotation around the hinge axis, rotation around the antero–
posterior axis, rotation around the vertical axis, and translation. Numerous articulators are available
for the restoration of occlusion. Objectives: Holding the casts in the same relative position that takes
place in the mouth Allow motion similar to that TMJ's motion Duplicate the dental border
movements Diagnose dental occlusal conditions, in both, natural and artificial dentitions.

Fibromyalgia Definition
In a literal translation fibromyalgia means muscle fiber pain. It is a chronic pain disorder that causes
pain and tenderness in the muscle to the touch. By affecting the way your brain processes pain
signals, researchers believe that fibromyalgia amplifies those sensations. Robert Bennett MD,
explains that different parts of the brain are involved in pain reactions. Pain sensation is necessary; it
serves as a reflex to avoid discomfort. This unconscious reflex of avoidance causes the brain to
swiftly react, before the actual awareness of the pain sensation occurs. This chronic disorder causes
widespread body pain, fatigue, tension headache, digestive problems, depression, anxiety and
temporomandibular joint disorder. To have an accurate diagnosis for fibromyalgia health
professionals rely on physical examination, a precise tender point examination, and the patient's
history. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, there is a specific criterion for identifying fibromyalgia. Sometimes fibromyalgia is
confused with rheumatoid arthritis or lupus and other conditions like hypothyroidism and
polymyalgia rheumatic which mimics fibromyalgia. First, doctors need to base the pain and
symptoms by the level of severity and the total number out of nineteen painful areas of the body.
Then if for at least three months the symptoms remain at a similar level of discomfort and from the
results of x–rays and blood test determining no other heath issues. The conclusion could then only
be fibromyalgia. Scientist discovered that women are more than likely to be diagnosis with this
disease. They have also determined that a patient is prone to develop fibromyalgia if the family
history has relative conditions, as well as rheumatic diseases like

Research Paper On Botlinum Toxin In Dentistry
Title page
Title: Botox therapy in dentistry–A review
Authors: 1)
Abstract Page
Title: Botox therapy in dentistry–A review.
Abstract:
There are many medical and dental conditions which do not have complete treatment modalities in
conventional ways. The botulinum toxin can be used as an alternative treatment modality working
through Chemodenervation method in many medical and dental conditions. An internet research was
done for botulinum toxin used in dentistry and all articles and studies were selected, articles related
to dentistry were extracted and summarized. The part I of this article explains the basic of botulinum
toxin and some of its uses in dentistry. In next parts the extensive details of its use in dentistry will
be dealt with.
Key words: Botox, Botulinum toxin, Dentistry, Bruxism, Temporomandibular disorders, Facial
Wrinkles, Cosmetics, Chemodenervation
Introduction:
The use of botulinum toxin in the dental office for the treatment conditions like parafunctional
clenching, extracapsular myogenic temporomandibular disorder (TMD), trismus, and the associated
headaches is a new ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the earliest reports on use of botulinum toxin type A for bruxism was by Van Zandijcke and
Marchau,16 who described the successful treatment of a brain–injured patient with severe bruxism
with 100 U of a botulinum toxin type A injections to the temporalis and masseter muscles. Ivanhoe
and colleagues17 reported similar success with a 200 U dose of botulinum toxin type A in a separate
brain–injury case report. A recent long–term, open–label trial study with a history of severe bruxism
who were refractory to medical and dental procedures, to them Botulinum toxin type A injections
were given into the masseters (mean dose: 61.7 U/side; range 25 U to 100 U), which yielded a total
duration of therapeutic response of 19 weeks. Efficacy in the abolishment of grinding of teeth

TMF Case Study
Majority of the patients with TMD have relatively mild or infrequent symptoms which may improve
on their own within weeks or months with basic home therapy. Following simple remedies like
eating soft foods, applying ice or moist heat, and avoiding extreme jaw movements may aid in
easing symptoms. According to the NIH, because more studies are needed on the safety and
effectiveness of most treatments for jaw joint and muscle disorders, experts strongly recommend
using the most conservative, reversible treatments possible. Although TMJ disorders have become
persistent, most patients still do not need any aggressive types of treatment.
But in cases where an interventional treatment is required, the following therapies are
recommended,
Oral ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Temporomandibular disorder usually is a dysfunction involving anatomical structures like the
temporomandibular joint, muscles/ligaments/tendons surrounding the joint, structures surrounding
the joint such as the ears, neck, cervical spine, teeth, & face, ligaments, nerves, and blood vessels
surrounding the joint, mouth, and teeth. TMJ disorder either impacts the joint itself, or the muscles
responsible for occlusion and jaw mobility. When there is an imbalance within any of the structures
in and around the temporomandibular joint there is a potential risk for a TMJ disorder (1). The best
imaging modality for viewing the TMJ and the disc is an MRI where a normal disc will appear the
same on both T1 and T2 weighted images. In cases of acute disc mobility there will be an increased
signal intensity on T1 images (2). Hard tissue imaging can be used to asses osteoarthritis (3). So
when there is a derangement of the muscles surrounding the joint, the disc itself, the bones forming
the joints or the tendons connecting them, which can be visualized with an MRI or an X–ray and
when the condition is accompanied by clinical symptoms like pain, swelling or clicking noises, we
can conclude on a TMJ disorder. Pain and functional disturbances related to the TMD are a common
occurance. Uyanik et al defines TMJ syndrome as a collective disorder encompassing: 1. Myofascial
pain dysfunction syndrome– where there is pain at the TMJ due to various causes of increased
muscle tension

Temporomandibular Joint Disorder Research Paper
I am writing on temporomandibular joint disorder or TMJ. Your temporomandibular joint connects
the mandible, to the temporal bone which are on the side of the head. It allows for us to talk, chew
our food and yawn. Temporomandibular joint disorder involves the joint and muscles. The joint and
tissue is distinctive from other joint in our bodies. Symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorder
vary and fall within three main categories. Pain, dislocated jaw, inflammation of the joint are
common symptoms that fall within all three categories. Chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia are a
couple of symptoms that coincide with TMJ. Risk factors include muscle tension, jaw wound or
trauma, arthritis, bruxism (grinding of the teeth) and poor

Temporomandibular Joint Disorder Analysis
This article explores about what a Temporomandibular Joint Disorder or TMJ is: "a condition that
causes frequent pain in the jaw joint" (RelayHealth, 2013). It even specifies the causes of TMJ such
as due to ill–fitting dentures, oftentimes chewing of gum, and having a teeth alignment problems.
The symptoms are also discussed in the paper especially when a person feels that his jaw hurts.
Also, the diagnosis, preventions, and treatments of TMJ are illustrated in the article. For the
diagnosis, it tells the readers on how a person can seek for help from his healthcare provider and the
process that the patient will undergo to diagnose his problem. For the preventions, one given
example is to avoid chewing gum or ice that is one reason why the

Why Choose Cerec Crowns?
Why Choose CEREC Crowns?
One–day crowns in our Columbia dental clinic are custom–made with high–quality ceramic. Some
advantages of CEREC crowns over traditional crowns:
CEREC crowns can be made in as little as an hour and placed in one visit. It saves you time because
you don't have to skip work or use up your vacation days to go to the dentist.
No need to wear a plastic or temporary crown that may leak and get discolored.
Because your mouth is mapped out with 3D images, there's no need for messy impressions.
CEREC crowns can be color–matched to your existing teeth for the most natural look. Ceramic
crowns also have the same characteristics as tooth enamel.
If the crown causes bite problems, it can easily be adjusted with on–site equipment.
You'll only need to make one visit to our office to have beautiful CEREC crowns placed!
The Beauty Of Metal–Free Crowns
Dental crowns are caps that cover the entire visible portion of a tooth. If your Columbia, SC dentist
recommends a crown, it usually means that the tooth is severely damaged or has lost most of its
structure. Crowns are also used to protect a weak tooth, cover a large filled cavity, cover dental
implants, hold a fixed bridge in place, and restore tooth structure after root canal treatment.
Crown Materials
Dental crowns can be made of all–metal, all–porcelain, porcelain–fused–to–metal, or composite
resin. The material depends on the location of the tooth to be replaced, your preferences, and your
budget. Resin crowns are

Personal Narrative: Temporomandibular Joint Disorder
"Really! I can be cured completely!"
The dentist nodded confidently, "Sure, you just need some patience."
I fell of my bicycle in 2009, lost five teeth, and my jaw was seriously damaged. The dentist told me
my situation was called Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMD), also known as lockjaw, which
could only be controlled and not be completely healed. Last spring, when I was studying at Bullis,
my TMD symptoms returned. It was so painful that I could hardly open my mouth. But quitting the
cheerleading team was more painful since I had danced aerobics for more than 10 years and really
loved it. So my ecstasy could be understood after the dentist told me her conclusion.
It was difficult to tell when the exciting trip to dentist became endless and tough. The routine was:
leave school at 3:35 p.m., take the deserted bus, stay at the dentist for two hours, take the crowded
metro back, meet my host family, arrive home at around 9pm, cook semi–liquid foods as dinner,
swallow several pain pills, begin doing homework, finally get to bed at 2 or 3 a.m. , and get up 6
a.m.. Two or three days a week, my schedule would be like this. Even worse, the painful ache
caused by the TMD ensured that I barely fell asleep.
One day in November, the treatment began, but because of the sores in my mouth, the dentist told
me to please come back next week instead. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The biggest problem was lack of time. There were so many solutions on time management online
and I chose the mind–mapping method. I used it to make everyday schedules. I set 20–minutes as
my time unit and divided my homework into several units. Gradually, I found that I even had time
for after school activities in the third trimester! I also used it in reviewing my schoolwork: a mind
map could clearly show every chapter in each textbook and relationship between each chapter. At
the end of 11th grade, I had a whole binder of mind mapping made by

Fibromyalgia Research Paper
Fibromyalgia is a chronic musculoskeletal syndrome that is characterized by diffuse pain, fatigue,
increased sensitivity to touch, the absence of systemic or localized inflammation, the presence of
fatigue, non restorative sleep, anxiety, and depression (Huether & McCance, 2017, p. 1022).
Signs/Symptoms:
Widespread pain. The pain associated with fibromyalgia often is described as a constant dull ache
that has lasted for at least three months.
Sleep is often disrupted by pain, and many patients with fibromyalgia have other sleep disorders,
such as restless legs syndrome and sleep apnea.
Cognitive difficulties. A symptom commonly referred to as "fibro fog" impairs the ability to focus,
pay attention and concentrate on mental tasks.
Fibromyalgia

Tmj Dentist Surgery Essay
About five to 12 percent of Americans have a painful condition called TMJ. Known medically as
temporomandibular joint and muscle disorders, TMJ refers to a set of uncomfortable disorders
affecting the jaw joint, as well as those muscles controlling jaw movements.
Although some TMJ issues are the result of injuries, most people suffer from this condition without
knowledge of a clear reason. In most cases, TMJ isn't a sign of severe medical problem. Fortunately,
the pain doesn't last long and subsides with minimal or even no treatment. In fact, most patients
don't need surgery, even if their discomfort persists. If you think you may have this problem, here
are some common symptoms and how a TMJ dentist can help you find relief.
Common Symptoms
Jaw ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These self–care methods include applying ice packs, eating soft foods and other treatments.
Pain management is another important part of treating TMJ problems. Both over–the–counter
painkillers and prescription drugs, used only for a short time period, can help with discomfort.
Dentists can demonstrate relaxation techniques for controlling stress, which can cause TMJ pain.
What's more, they can show you how to practice biofeedback techniques to help you relax.
Sometimes TMJ pain is due to teeth that aren't aligned properly. When this is the case, dentists can
correct the problem by fixing poorly aligned teeth.
In other situations, TMJ is due to teeth grinding. This can be addressed by a using a mouth guard.
Considerations and Warnings
A TMJ dentist will stay away from any dental treatments that could permanently alter your jaw or
bite, such as bridgework or crown treatments.
Females are at least twice or more as likely to have TMJ disorders as males

Pharynx Research Paper
We do not consciously think about how all the sounds we render when we speak are the result of our
muscles contracting. The muscles in the chest for breathing and the muscles in the larynx produce
several different modifications in the flow of air from the chest to the mouth. Afterwards, passing
through the larynx the air goes through the vocal tract which ends at the mouth and nostrils. The air
from the lungs escapes into the atmosphere making sounds. Hence, when we transform the shape of
the vocal tract we can alter the sound. The pharynx is a tube which begins just above the larynx and
it is nearly 7 cm long in women and around 8 cm in men, and at the top end it is divided into two,
one part being the back of the mouth and the other being the beginning of the way through the nasal
cavity (Culbertson & Tanner, 2011). The pharynx is the focal point for articulation as it is a
resonating cavity. Furthermore, there are numerous fixed articulators such as the incisors, alveolar
ridge, and the hard palate. The incisors are four teeth known as the incisors they emanated from the
premaxilla bone process. The upper incisors are the furthermost anterior. Likewise, the alveolar
ridge is located ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The velum is known as the soft palate. The velopharyngeal sphincter controls the movements of the
velum. The velum is classified as an oral articulator for it is housed in the oral cavity. As a result,
when the velopharyngeal sphincter contrasts, it pulls the velum down and closes off the opening
from the oropharynx and nasopharynx making the air create a resonating sound from the nasal
cavity (Culbertson & Tanner, 2011). Subsequently, during speech, it raises so that air cannot escape
through the nose and instead resonates in the nasal cavity. The main function of the velum is to
create nasal phonemes. It cannot be touched by the tongue to oblige sounds for instance k and g we
call those velar

Unsportsmanlike Conduct : The Effect Of NFL Player Safety...
Every year, NFL owners like Paul Allen, meet to discuss different ways to improve to the league and
different marketing techniques that will continue to grow the brand. This year, in particular, owners
have gathered and made some major decisions, most notably being the approval of the Raiders
relocation from Oakland to Las Vegas. That's not all the change, however. Recently, owners have
voted on some rule changes that they believe will not only speed the game up, but improve player
safety by trying to solve the NFL's concussion problem as well. That being said, let's take a look at
the approved changes that will be in effect for the upcoming 2017 football season. Unsportsmanlike
Conduct The NFL is trying hard to bring back a little fun to sport. As a matter of fact, the league
announced on Tuesday, May 23rd that it was loosening its strict rules about on–field celebration.
What does that mean? Well, this means that celebrations that include "using the football as a prop"
after a touchdown, are now permitted. Other celebrations that include ground demonstrations, or
dancing with cheerleaders and teammates are also permitted to a certain extent, of course. Offensive
celebrations that are prolonged and delay the game for any reason, will without a doubt, result in a
player being penalized and face a possible fine along with a 1–2 week suspension. For the most part,
however, it's open season for celebration. Stronger Enforcement On Illegal Hits At the

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Analysis
When considering disorders of the musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal system, I initially thought to
choose a disorder from the text book. However, often we become focused on the obvious and fail to
look past the typical. Sometimes, disorders that present with symptoms of these two systems are
actually harboring something much more than mere symptoms.
Growing up, my sister could bend herself in to a pretzel, while her contortionist skills entertained
our family and friend, she also experienced joint pain, bruising and tearing of the skin, which went
far beyond the expected bumps and scrapes of childhood. In addition the most common of illness
caused great distress to multiple systems within her body. It was not until adulthood that she was ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ehlers–Danlos syndrome–HT carries a high potential for disability due to recurrent dislocations and
subluxations and chronic pain. Throughout the years, extra–articular manifestations have been
described, including cardiovascular, autonomic nervous system, gastrointestinal, hematologic,
ocular, gynecologic, neurologic, and psychiatric manifestations, emphasizing the multi–systemic
nature of EDS–HT. Unfortunately, EDS–HT is under–recognized and inadequately managed,
leading to neglect of these patients, which may lead to severe disability that almost certainly could
have been avoided (Gazit, Giris &Grahame,

The Temporomandibular Muscles In The Human Body
The temporomandibular joints, located on either side of your head, allow you a range of motion so
that you can speak, chew, swallow, yawn and move your jaw from side to side. But
temporomandibular joint is such a mouthful to pronounce (no pun intended) most people, including
doctors and dentists, refer to this joint as the TMJ. Although to really understand how unique and
complex these joints are, it helps to know a bit about TMJ anatomy.
Parts of the TMJ
The mandible is the largest bone of the face and the only bone in your skull that can move. While
your teeth are located in the bottom U–shaped portion of this bone, the mandible has two vertical
extensions, extending from each side, with an elliptical shaped condyle at the top. The TMJ is
formed as a result of the condyles articulating with the temporal bone in the cranium. However, a
fibrous disk, called the articular disc, cushions the space between these two bones and keeps them
from touching. A synovial membrane, synovial fluid, blood vessels, and nerves, as well as
connective tissue are found in the area behind the articular disc. In addition, three ligaments function
to stabilize the joint, prevent dislocation and support the weight of the mandibular bone. ... Show
But more technically, this joint functions in four ways: it allows you to open and close your mouth,
push your jaw forward (protrusion), slide your jaw back (retrusion) and move it side to side
(laterotrusion.) But it's the following four muscles of mastication that actually produce the
movements of this

Maxillary And Mandibular Joints Essay
Introduction: Occlusion has been described as the most important subject in all the disciplines of
dentistry, since it represents the way the teeth come together, and functions together. The treatment
for an edentulous patient is the construction of a complete denture. In order to be able to fabricate a
suitable denture for the patient, an articulator is needed in order to allow the maxillary and
mandibular casts to occlude, as if in the patient's mouth. Study the way teeth occlude for diagnosis
and treatment planning diagnosis and treatment planning „ Allow formation of occlusal occlusal
surfaces during lab preparation and adjustment during lab preparation and adjustment of fixed and
removable prostheses and of fixed and removable prostheses and indirect dental restorations indirect
dental restorations Definition: An articulator is a mechanical instrument that represents the
temporomandibular joints and jaws. The attachment between the TMJ and jaws with the maxillary
and mandibular casts simulate some or all of the mandibular movements, which takes place around
the TMJ which is capable of undergoing complex movements. An articulator is considered as any
instrument which has a movable joint on which the maxillary and mandibular casts can be mounted.
These mandibular movements can be rotation around the hinge axis, rotation around the antero–
posterior axis, rotation around the vertical axis, and translation. Numerous articulators are available
for the

The Stomatognathic System
The stomatognathic system (SS) is composed by dynamic and static components that requires
balance and control determine by the central nervous system (CNS), which makes them responsible
for the harmonious functioning and to perform different tasks (to speak, to break food down, and to
swallow). The SS is characterized by: skeletal components, dental arches, soft tissues, and
temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles.(Cuccia and Caradonna 2009; Garcia de Paula
Silva, Francisco Wanderley, Mussolino de Queiroz, Alexandra, & Díaz Serrano, Kranya Victoria.
2008) Posture refers to the position of the human body and its orientation in space. This involves
muscles activation that are controlled by the CNS, which guide postural adjustments. These
modifications can be induced by afferent inputs like: exteroceptive, proprioceptive, vestibular an
visual; all of them modulated by different factors, such as anxiety and mood state. (Cuccia and
Caradonna 2009). Temporomandibular disorders (TMD), is a set of disorders characterized by signs
and symptoms affecting human posture, the temporomandibular joint, and the surrounding
structures. Its etiology is multifactorial and include ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2007) the effect of changing mandibular position on body posture and reciprocally, body posture on
mandibular position was assessed. They evaluate forty–five asymptomatic subjects and randomly
assigned to two groups. The MatScan system was used to measure the changes in body posture
(center of foot pressure: COP) while subjects maintained 5 different mandibular positions: rest,
centric occlusion, clinical; midline position with labial frena, placebo wax appliance and right
eccentric mandibular position. The scan was used to analyze occlusal forces distribution in two
different postural positions: with or without a heel lift under the right foot. They concluded that
changing jaw position affected body posture and body posture affected jaw position as

What Is Jaw Clicking Essay
Jaw Clicking and Pain: Not A–Okay
What do talking, laughing, eating and yawning have in common? They are all activities that involve
opening and closing the mouth. Most people take these activities for granted – they are part of
everyday life, after all. We do these activities day in and day out, so what's the big deal?
People who suffer from a clicking jaw that is sometimes accompanied by pain know exactly what
the deal is, because they cannot enjoy the above–mentioned activities without hearing their jaw
click, pop or even crack. And it gets worse, no thanks to the pain.
Is this normal?
Jaw clicking can be bothersome, but some individuals have learned to live with their condition. If
you are experiencing jaw clicking, we strongly urge you to consult your dentist, especially if you
feel pain. No matter how much you have adjusted (if you have adjusted at all) to the never ending
cracking and popping sound ever single time you open (and close) your mouth, jaw clicking is never
normal. In fact, jaw clicking is a symptom of a problem with the joints of the jaw or TMJ.
The TMJ
TMJ stands for temporomandibular joint, of which every person has a pair. These joints serve as a
connection between the temporal bones (located at the bottom and the side of the skull) and the
mandible (also known as the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A big percentage of these disorders have something to do with the muscles near the TMJ. These
muscles contain sensory nerves, which deliver messages to the brain; if you experience pain in your
jaw, the pain is most likely coming from the pterygoid muscles, the muscles responsible for
chewing. These muscles are located between the gums and the teeth, and are responsible for the
opening and closing of the mouth. Because they are used very often, they can experience fatigue,
especially if the person tends to clench his jaw, grind his teeth or chew excessively (gum chewing,
for

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Dr. Eckelson And His Team Can...
Are you plagued by unexplainable headaches or migraines? What about jaw, neck, or ear pain? If so,
you may be suffering from TMD. Let's talk about TMD and how Dr. Eckelson and his team can help
to relieve your pain.
What is TMD?
TMD, or temporomandibular joint dysfunction, is characterized by pain or discomfort associated
with the jaw joint. One of the most common indicators of TMD is regular or prolonged headaches
that cannot be explained by any other circumstance. This head pain is irritating and uncomfortable at
best, and debilitating at worst.
TMD can be caused by any number of factors. Stress on the jaw joint due to injury or misalignment
is a common cause. When this stress occurs, it creates an imbalance in your face and jaw, ... Show
Just wear the appliance as directed by Dr. Eckelson and your TMJ pain should reduce and possibly
even disappear over time. Our splints can take care of most TMJ–related pain. We can alleviate your
headaches and get you back to your normal life. However, if your situation is too severe for a splint,
we will offer you a professional reference who can help.
How can I schedule an appointment?
If you would like more information on how we can help solve your TMJ–related pain, please
schedule a consultation with Dr. Eckelson. We offer free consultations to anyone interested in our
TMJ treatment services. To schedule your consultation, please contact our office via phone at 561–
235–3100 or by sending us a message using our online form. We would be happy to help you get the
care you need.
(Initial Blog)
High–Quality, Comprehensive Orthodontics in Boca Raton, FL
Dr. Robert A. Eckelson, D.D.S., P.A. is an experienced, highly trained orthodontist who is able to
help you achieve the results you desire. For more than 40 years, Dr. Eckelson has been serving Boca
Raton, Delray Beach, Pompano Beach, Boynton Beach, Lighthouse Point, Deerfield Beach, and
Parkland, FL. Dr. Eckelson and his friendly, trusted team can offer you the orthodontic care you
deserve.
We offer orthodontic and dentofacial orthopedic care for the whole family. We treat patients from
ages 2 to 86! While children, teens, and young adults are the largest part of

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