This document discusses delirium, an acute organic brain or mental disorder characterized by confusion. It affects 20-40% of geriatric patients and 10-20% of surgical patients. Delirium can be caused by factors like infection, metabolic imbalances, toxins, and head injuries. Symptoms include disorientation, memory issues, emotional and behavioral changes, impaired consciousness, and disturbed sleep patterns. Treatment involves identifying and addressing the underlying cause, as well as providing symptomatic relief using benzodiazepines. Nursing interventions focus on ensuring patient safety, alleviating fear and anxiety, meeting physical needs, and facilitating orientation.

1. Delirium
By shakti Singh (63)

2. What is it?
An acute organic brain or mental disorder. ( confusion)
How to characterized it?
With delirium can patient die?

3. How it affects?
20 to 40 % affect geriatric patients.
10 to 20 % affect surgical patients.
What’s RAS?
Whats the link of acetylcholine and epinephrine with it?

4. Factor causes
 Vascular – arteriosclerosis, internal hemorrhage
 Infection – meningitis, encephalitis
 Endocrine and metabolic – D. C, hyperthyroidism
 Metals – lead, mercury.
 Head injury, high fever, epilepsy
 Anoxia- Anemia, cardiac failure
 Pulmonary infection
Can vitamin deficiency cause?

5. What we observe in patients?
 Disorientation, confusion
 Memory disturbance, violent behavior
 Emotional disturbance, restless
 Consciousness impaired, psychomotor disturbance (hypo and hyper activity)
 Aimless ,insomnia .
Startle reaction we see. ( Paranoid behavior)
 Daytime drowsiness
 Nocturnal worsening of symptoms
 Disturbance of dreams

6. How to cure it?
Identification of underlying cause then provide treatment.
 50 mg of 50% of dextrose IV for hypoglycemia.
 100 mg of B1 IV for thiamine .
 IV fluid for fluid and electrolytes imbalance.
 Symptomatic – benzaodiazepine (50 mg diazepam or 2mg lorazopam IV)
What’s are other important drugs?
 What’s first line treatment?
 What’s primarily goal of treatment?

7. Nursing intervention
 Provide safe environment.
 Alleviation patients fear and anxiety.
 Meeting physical need of the patient.
 Facillitate orientation

8. “Sometimes
I’m afraid to go to sleep because Of
what am I leaving behind”
Thank you