1. BOILERS AND ITS AUXILIARIES
&
PLANT OVERVIEW
BY
SEELAMSETTI SESHA SAI 14891A0306
SAMA CHANDRASHEKHAR REDDY 14891A0349
VIGNAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY &
SCIENCE HYDERABAD
3. A ABOUT R.T.P.S
ABOUT R.T.P.S RAMAGUNDAM THERMAL POWER STATION IS AN EXISTING 62.5
MEGAWATT COAL-FIRED POWER STATION OWNED BY GOVT. OF
TELANGANA.
THE POWER STATION IS LOCATED AT RAMAGUNDAM, KARIMNAGAR(DS),
TELANGANA, INDIA.
R.T.P.S CAME INTO EXISTENCE IN OCTOBER 1972.
THE RAW WATER TO THE PLANT IS DRAWN FROM THE RIVER GODAVARI
SITUATED ABOUT 8KM FROM THE PLANT.
THE COAL IS RECEIVED TO THE POWER STATION BY ROAD AND RAIL FROM
GODAVARIKHANI OF SINGARENI COLLIERIES COMPANY LIMITED (SCCL).
BOILER WAS DESIGNED FOR COAL QUALITY OF 4050CAL/KG WITH ASH
CONTENT OF 38.7%.
4. DIVISION OF A THERMAL POWER PLANT
COAL HANDLING PLANT
WATER TREATMENT PLANT
FUEL AND ASH PLANT
FEED WATER AND STEAM PLANT
COOLING WATER PLANT
6. BOILER
IN SIMPLE A BOILER
MAY BE DEFINED AS A
CLOSED VESSEL IN
WHICH STEAM IS
PRODUCED FROM WATER
BY COMBUSTION OF
FUEL.
7. TURBINE
A TURBINE IS A ROTARY
MECHANICAL DEVICE THAT
EXTRACTS ENERGY FROM A FLUID
FLOW AND CONVERTS IT INTO
USEFUL WORK.
THE WORK PRODUCED BY A
TURBINE CAN BE USED FOR
GENERATING ELECTRICAL POWER
WHEN COMBINED WITH A
GENERATOR.
TURBINE IS THE HEART OF
THERMAL GENERATING STATIONS.
IMPULSE REACTION TURBINE IS
8. GENERAT
OR
AN ELECTRIC GENERATOR IS A
DEVICE THAT CONVERTS
MECHANICAL ENERGY OBTAINED
FROM AN EXTERNAL SOURCE
INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY AS THE
OUTPUT.
THE TURBINE IS STEAM-DRIVEN
WATER IS HEATED TURNS INTO
STEAM AND SPINS A STEAM
TURBINE WHICH DRIVES AN
ELECTRICAL GENERATOR.
9. TOWERS
THE FUNCTION OF A COOLING TOWER
IS TO RELEASE THE EXCESS HEAT (OR
WASTE HEAT) TO THE ATMOSPHERE BY
COOLING DOWN HOT FLUID (WATER,
IN MOST CASES) TO A LOWER
TEMPERATURE.
MANY COOLING TOWERS ARE MADE IN
A SPECIFIC CYLINDRICAL SHAPE; THEIR
BASE IS WIDE, THEY NARROW AT THE
MIDDLE, AND BECOME BROAD AGAIN
AT THE TOP. THIS SHAPE IS CALLED
“HYPERBOLOID”.
CAN BE UP TO 200 METRES (660 FT)
TALL AND 100 METRES (330 FT) IN
10. BOILER TYPES
HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL BOILERS
FIRE TUBE BOILERS
WATER TUBE BOILERS
EXTERNALLY FIRED AND INTERNALLY FIRED BOILERS
FORCED CIRCULATION AND NATURAL CIRCULATION
BOILERS
HIGH PRESSURE AND LOW PRESSURE BOILERS
STATIONARY AND PORTABLE BOILERS
11. WATER TUBE
BOILER
IN WATER TUBE BOILERS, THE
WATER IS INSIDE THE TUBES
AND HOT GASES SURROUND
THEM.
EX: BABCOCK AND WILCOX
ETC…
THE WATER TUBE BOILER ARE
USED EXCLUSIVELY, WHEN
PRESSURE ABOVE 10 BAR AND
CAPACITY IN EXCESS OF 7000
12. PARTICULARS RELATING TO THIS BOILER
DIAMETER OF THE DRUM … ….. 1.22 TO 1.83 M
LENGTH …....... 6.096 TO 9.144
M
SIZE OF WATER TUBES …….. 7.62 TO 10.16
CM
SIZE OF SUPER HEATERS .……. 3.84 TO 5.71 CM
WORKING PRESSURE …….. 40 BAR (MAX.)
STEAMING CAPACITY ……... 40000 KG/H
(MAX.)
13. FEED PUMPS
• A BOILER FEEDWATER PUMP IS A
SPECIFIC TYPE OF PUMP USED
TO PUMP FEEDWATER INTO
A STEAM BOILER.
• IT IS DESIRABLE THAT THE
QUANTITY OF WATER SUPPLIED
SHOULD BE AT LEAST EQUAL TO
THAT EVAPORATED AND
SUPPLIED TO THE ENGINE.
14. ECONOMIZER
AN ECONOMIZER IS A DEVICE
IN WHICH THE HEAT OF THE
FLUE GASES IS UTILIZED FOR
HEATING THE FEED WATER.
EVAPORATIVE CAPACITY OF
BOILER IS INCREASED.
OVERALL EFFICIENCY OF THE
PLANT IS INCREASED
IN RTPS VERTICAL FINNED
TUBE TYPE ECONOMIZER IS
USED.
15. AIR
PREHEATER
THE FUNCTION OF AIR
PREHEATER IS TO INCREASE THE
TEMPERATURE OF AIR BEFORE IT
ENTERS THE FURNACE.
IT IS GENERALLY PLACED AFTER
THE ECONOMIZER.
LJUNGSTROM AIR PREHEATER IS
USED IN 62.5MW RTPS.
SPEED RATIO – 104.9:9
SUPPORT BEARING – SKF 29468E
16. SUPER
HEATER
THE FUNCTION OF SUPER
HEATER IS TO INCREASE THE
TEMPERATURE OF THE
STEAM ABOVE ITS
SATURATION POINT.
PENDENT TYPE SUPER
HEATER IS USED IN 62.5MW
RTPS.
EROSION OF TURBINE BLADE
IS ELIMINATED.
EFFICIENCY OF THE STEAM
17. INJECTO
R THE FUNCTION OF AN INJECTOR
IS TO FEED WATER INTO BOILER.
IT IS COMMONLY EMPLOYED FOR
VERTICAL AND LOCOMOTIVE
BOILERS.
IN AN INJECTOR THE WATER IS
DELIVERED TO THE BOILER BY
STEAM PRESSURE.
THERMAL EFFICIENCY IS HIGH
(99%).
PUMPING EFFICIENCY IS LOW.
18. STEAM
SEPARATOR A STEAM SEPARATOR IS A DEVICE USED
FOR SEPARATING WATER DROPLETS
FROM STEAM.
THE FIGURE SHOWS BAFFLE PLATE
STEAM SEPARATOR.
STEAM SEPARATORS ARE BASICALLY OF
3 TYPES
BAFFLE TYPE
REVERSE CURRENT TYPE
CENTRIFUGAL TYPE
19. STEAM
TRAP THE FUNCTION OF A
STEAM TRAP IS TO DRAIN
AWAY AUTOMATICALLY
THE CONDENSED STEAM
FROM THE STEAM PIPES,
STEAM JACKETS AND
STEAM SEPARATORS
WITHOUT PERMITTING ANY
STEAM TO ESCAPE.
STEAM TRAPS ARE 2
TYPES
EXPANSION TYPE
20. COAL HANDLING
PLANT
COAL IS ONE OF THE MOST
IMPORTANT FUELS FOR
GENERATING ELECTRICITY IN
THERMAL POWER PLANTS
THROUGH OUT THE WORLD.
ACTIVE SUBSTANCES ARE
CARBON, HYDRO-CARBON,
SULPHUR., ETC….
COAL IS CLASSIFIED INTO 3
MAJOR TYPES…
ANTHRACITE
BITUMINOUS
LIGNITE
21. GRADE GROSS CALORIFIC
VALUE
RANGE (IN KCAL/KG)
A EXCEEDING 6200
B 5600-6200
C 4940-5600
D 4200-4940
E 3360-4200
F 2400-3360
G 1300-2400
IN RTS-B, BITUMINOUS COAL (GRADE C, D, E)
IS IN USE
22. ASH HANDLING PLANT
IN THERMAL POWER PLANT’S COAL
IS GENERALLY USED AS FUEL AND
HENCE THE ASH IS PRODUCED AS
THE BYPRODUCT OF COMBUSTION.
ASH GENERATED IN POWER PLANT IS
ABOUT 30-40% OF TOTAL COAL
CONSUMPTION.
ASH GENERATED FROM COAL-
FIRED BOILER IS GENERALLY OF 2
TYPES
BOTTOM ASH AND FLY ASH
HEAVY PARTICLES OF ASH
COLLECTED AT BOTTOM OF BOILER
IS CALLED BOTTOM ASH.
ASH GENERATED IN ESP WHICH GOT
CARRIED OUT WITH FLUE GAS IS FLY