1. ST. JAMES THE GREATERApostle & patron Saint of Spain
-Hebrew JACOB
-Latin IACOBUS
-French JACQUES
-English JAMES, JACOB
-Italian GIACOMO
-Spanish JACOBO, DIEGO, JAIME, YAGO
Sant Yago = Santiago
2. WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT
JAMES, SON OF ZEBEDEE & SALOME
Acording to the Bible:
Was a fisherman with his father and brother John, the Evangelist
6. The Transfiguration
Resurrection of Jairo’s daughter
Was James a cousin of Jesus??
James was part of a prominent and choosen group of
Apostles and was present at various important acts of Jesus…
7. Was James a cousin of Jesus??
ZEBEDEE SALOME
JOHN JAMES
VIRGIN MARY
JESUS
?
8.
9.
10. The legend holds it that just before his Crucifixion, Jesus
divided up the world among his Apostles.
Peter went to…
14. Iberians – the “natives” (actually a group of
different peoples with different cultures)
Celts – from the East & North of Europe
Greeks – they colonized the coast
Carthaginians – in the coast as well
Romans – they will conquer the whole peninsula
People who’s been living around here…
15.
16. ROMAN HISPANIA
The north part of the peninsula has never been
easy to conquer = pagan traditions were strong
17. JAMES is sent to Hispania
Basílica del Pilar, Zaragoza
He seems not to have been very convincing: he attracted only 7 disciples…
On his way back to Holy Land,
still in Hispania at Caesaraugusta…
18. In 44 AC Herod Agrippa beheaded him
He’s the first Apostle who dies for Jesus
19. THE TRASLATIO
• Friends sneaked his body out of Jerusalem
• Put it in a boat that with no sails, oars or sailors, traveled across the
Mediterranean Sea…
21. Padrón, where the boat finaly stopped…Padrón, where the boat finaly stopped…
PADRÓN
Pimientos de Padrón
22. Where his disciples tied the boat
Is now at Padrón’s church…
Padrón bollardPadrón bollard
23. THE LEGEND OF LUPA
A tale of a very bad Queen, some
Roman soldiers, angels, wild oxes,
falling bridges and even a dragon…
with a happy ending
24. THE SEPULCHER
- It’s actually a 1st Century Roman Sepulchre
- You can still see it at the Cathedral of Santiago…
http://www.archicompostela.org/web/catedral/movie.html
25. THE VISIGOTHS IN HISPANIA
The “Barbarians” took advantage of the Roman weakness…
26. HISPANIA 8th
Century
Visigoths were fighting each other.
There were basically two factions. Eventualy one of them asked the
Muslims for help…
28. THE DISCOVERY OF THE TOMB
- In 813 the Christian hermit Pelayo heard music and saw lights shining over a
small cave in the woods on Mount Libredón…
- He found bones and parchment…
29. TEODOMIR, BISHOP OF IRIA FLAVIA
-Pelayo took the Bishop to the site and Teodomir authenticated the
bones as those of the Apostle St. James and his disciples, Atanasio and
Teodoro
30. ALFONSO II “The Chaste” KING OF ASTURIAS*
- He goes to see the relics and builds a small
church, origin of the city of Santiago
-He’s the first pilgrim
*Spain doesn’t exist yet!!
31. The importance of having the burial place of St. James in
your territory
After the fall of the Roman Empire, the new kingdoms were
competing to prove which one was more Christian
Power of Kings emanate from God
The more Christian the more legitimate
44. There was never a battle at Clavijo
The stories about the battle are first found centuries after it allegedly occurred.
45. There was never a 100 Maiden Tribute
It’s a very old but false story
46. Then why this legend?
• Muslims have consolidated their supremacy over Spain,
(among other reasons, by converting much of the old Visigoth elite
to Islam).
• Christian Spain lives under the constant threat of
Muslim power.
• It’s a way of encourage the Christians against the
fearsome Yihad
49. WHO WAS PRISCILLIAN?WHO WAS PRISCILLIAN?
He was born in the 4th Century in the Roman Gallaecia (today Galicia)
and was a theologian, later ordained as bishop of Ávila.
50. • He broke a lot of norms by, for instance, accepting women and
slaves in the cult.
• Women could performe as priestess (a Celtic reminiscence?)
51. • These cults were performed outside the churches, in the country,
often during the night
• They considered Nature as the perfect temple of God, that’s why
they never built churches.
52. • Apparently he used spells seeking to ensure the harvests.
• He used milk and grapes instead of bread and wine for the
Consecration.
53. • Priscillian said that the Bible must be freely read and interpreted
(like Protestants will declare 12 centuries later)
54. He rejected the union between Church and the State. (he wanted to go back to the
original Christianity as describe in the Gospels and the New testament)
He condemned the corruption in the ecclesiastical hierarchy and wanted to live in
povetry,
55. • The official Church soon condemn these practices
• A synod was held at Zaragoza in 380 resulting in his
condemnation and excommunication.
56. • Not happy with that, Emperor Maximianus, condemn Priscillian and 6 of his
followers to death, one of them, a woman (Priscillian and his followers confessed
heresy and obscene rituals under torture ).
• He became the first martyr inside the Church. It was the first time the Christians
killed somebody because of his ideas.
58. • His followers took the remains of Priscillian and the rest of martyrs
and buried them in a «temple» in his native land, near Iria Flavia.
Priscillianism became even stronger after the Church gave them a martyr.Priscillianism became even stronger after the Church gave them a martyr.
59. Apparently the surroundings of his tomb became a favorite burial place
and soon became a place of pilgrimage for his many followers.
