1. HARMONIC ESTIMATION
BY SW-LMS ALGORITHM
Presented by-
Arunima Dutta
T14EE009
Satabdy Jena
T14EE003
Mtech(Power and energy systems)
2. Contents :
Introduction
Power quality
Harmonics
LMS algorithm and sliding
window LMS algorithm
Comparison of results
Conclusion
3. Introduction
Power system harmonics is an area that is receiving a great
deal of attention recently. This is primarily due to the fact
that non-linear (or harmonic producing) loads are
comprising an ever-increasing portion of the total load for
a typical industrial plant. Incidence of harmonic related
problems is low, but awareness of harmonic issues can
help to increase plant power system reliability.
There are various methods for analysis of harmonics like
FFT,LMS,RLS,etc.
4. Power Quality
The power quality of a system expresses to which
degree practical supply system resembles the ideal
supply system.
The best electrical supply would be a constant
magnitude and frequency sinusoidal voltage waveform.
Due to transients, outages, voltage spikes etc. reality is
different.
Causes of poor power quality:
Reactive power
Harmonic pollution
Load imbalance
Fast voltage variation
5. Effects of poor power quality :
Power failure
Equipment malfunctioning, failure, overheating,etc.
EMI
Increase in losses
Oversizing of installations
Penalties imposed by utilities
Connection refusal
6. Harmonics
Harmonics is a mathematical way of describing
distortion to a current or voltage waveform.
Integer multiple of fundamental frequency.
9. Effect of Harmonics
Overheating of distribution transformers
Poor system efficiency
Instability
Disturbance of the other consumers
Malfunctioning of medical facilities
10. Drawbacks with FFT :
Spectral leakage.
Aliasing.
“Picket –fence” effect.
LMS ALGORITHM :
Features :
Simplicity
Low computational complexity
Robustness
No matrix inversion is required
11. Drawbacks :
Slow convergence
Data dependent behavior
Sensitivity to noise
SLIDING WINDOW LMS ALGORITHM :
Easy to work with noisy system.
Good estimation in different SNR.
No oscillations in results obtained.
To increase the convergence speed.
12. Circuit configurations :
Single phase diode
bridge rectifier
Three phase diode
bridge rectifier
16. Where the weight and the constants are updated as folows
:
USING SLIDING WINDOW :
SW training algorithms also known as high order training algorithms
use a sliding window of system input/output observations to perform
instantaneous learning.It can be applied when the data is highly
noisy.Typically the model weights are updated using information
obtained from store of [L ]previous training vectors.
17. Given [L] vector data store and current data point 푥푡,this
algorithm computes a moving average search direction
for LMS as follows :
The weighting factor 훼 controls the contribution of the
current vector to the search direction. The weights are
updated as follows :
The store S for harmonic estimation includes only input
given as :
S=[ x1 x2 … xL]
24. Conclusion :
Thus we see that the LMS algorithm employed with
sliding window gives better results,excludes oscillations
and is effective even in high noise signals.
Harmonic mitigation equipment includes :
Line reactors
Isolation transformers
Filters
12 and 18 pulse rectifiers
25. References :
“Power system harmonic estimation using sliding
window based LMS”,
Hussam,Nursyarizal,M.F.Abdullah,Vijanth S.
Asirvadam.(IEEE 2013 International Conference on
signal and image processing).
“A review of harmonic mitigation techniques” ,Gonzalo
Sandoval & John Houdek.
Power system harmonics by Allen Bradley.