Understand The Difference Between A Hoist And A Crane

Understand The Difference Between A Hoist And A Crane
To understand the difference between a hoist and a crane, one needs to understand what each is.
Hoist
A hoist is the machine that does the lifting. It can move in a vertical direction and runs along the
bridge girder. A hoist can either be fixed to a single beam (single girder) or it can run on the top of
the trolley trucks in between two beams (double girder). The hoist lifts or lowers an openly
suspended (unguided) load. The hoist runs along the girder (the principal horizontal steel beam) with
the trolley in the x–direction. A trolley is a wheeled mechanism that the hoist suspends upon to
provide horizontal motion of the hoist along the girder. The girder is supported by the end trucks
(units consisting of the truck frame, wheels, bearings, axels, etc.). It can either run on the top of the
frame or under it.
Crane ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The crane uses a runway which is the rails, beams, brackets, and framework that it operates on. It
uses the pendant or radio to control the movement of the end trucks, trolley, and the hoisting motors
and it can either be movable or stand directly under the bridge panel. A festoon guides a set of power
supply cables connecting power from the runway conductors to the crane components.
Differences
The main difference between a hoist and a crane is that a hoist can move in one direction while the
crane can move in many directions using the hoist, trolley, or bridge. The hoist can either be
individual or submerged into a
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Clifton Suspension Bridge
Kaylie Griffin and I chose to build the Clifton Suspension Bridge. The Clifton Suspension Bridge is
a suspension bridge located in Bristol, United Kingdom. A suspension bridge is a type of bridge
which the deck is supported by cables that hang vertically off larger cables or hangers. Suspension
bridges typically have two towers and are anchored to abutments at their ends.The towers help to
support much of the weight that crosses the bridge's deck, such as cars and people. The towers also
dissipate the load directly into the planet Earth. These features of a suspension bridge are why they
are strong therefore, one of the more popular designs for a bridge. When building our popsicle
bridge, we had to add x shaped joints and brackets to help our ... Show more content on
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After completing this simulation, our bridge only had one string (cable line) untied from the wire
(hanger). Nothing else was damaged therefore, everything was intact. During this test, our bridge
was exposed to torsion because it was twisting and being thrown around in the simulator. Our
modifications helped my bridge withstand the earthquake and hold a numerous amount of weight.
Our bridge was very strong and one of the top performers in the class although, it could have had
more trusses and modifications to make it even stronger. Our bridge weighed ⅞ lb. and it held 250
lb. therefore, it held 286 lb. for every 1 lb. As said before, we could have added more joints and
trusses to improve our bridge's performance. Compared to the rest of the White Group, our bridge
was the second strongest bridge. Our bridge also performed very similar to everyone else's in the
earthquake simulator. The heaviest bridge was the Brooklyn Bridge, which also happened to be the
strongest. The tallest bridge was the Ben Franklin Bridge, coming in at 13 inches. In the future, I
think walking bridges could be made from glass, able to be looking down on a river below you. Yes,
I think a computer can help fix faults and help for better design and performance of bridges. I
learned many things from this bridge project, some being, how to work as a team, patience, how
bridges work, and different things that help architects

What Are Suspension Bridges?
As one looks across a gap in between two land masses, a thought of how one could cross comes to
mind. When one thinks of this, a bridge comes to mind. Although they might now know what kind,
a suspension bridge is the first idea. They picture something like the magnificent Golden Gate
Bridge, one of the most recognizable structures in all of the world. Although suspension bridges
now span over miles, they had very humble beginnings. The evolution and expansion of suspension
bridges is a topic worthy of this very essay. Before understanding the evolution of suspension
bridges, one must understand what a suspension bridge is. Suspension bridges are structures that
span across a body of water or a ravine. A walkway or road that runs the full ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The Brooklyn Bridge, which connects Manhattan to Brooklyn, was completed in 1883. It unified the
two boroughs and New York. The design of the bridge and materials used were revolutionary. The
steel cables were the first ones ever to be used, This allowed the bridge to hold more weight, add to
the distance, and to be cheaper. The large granite towers stand out amongst the river and help share
the load with the anchors. This Brooklyn Bridge, which still stands today and carries millions of
New Yorkers, became the example for suspensions around America and the

Clifton Suspension Bridge Essay
My suspension bridge will be the Clifton Suspension Bridge, this bridges is located at Bristol,
England. This bridge was first opened in 1864,it is 212 metres long and has a width of 9.4 metres
this is why this bridge is so well acclaimed due to it age and its size. This bridge crosses the River
Avon. This bridge was originally meant to be made in 1831 but this was stopped by the Bristol riots,
after the Bristol riots the design was charged slightly because of new technologies to strengthen the
bridge. Avon Gorge came up with the idea to make the bridge in 1753 when he came up with an idea
to make a bridge over the Bristol river, made from stone and which was delayed because of
enhances in technology. deck is suspended by 81 matching ... Show more content on
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The deck was originally wooden planking, later covered with asphalt, which was renewed in 2009.[
The weight of the bridge, approximately 1,500 tons.
Truss bridge
This is a labelled diagram of this bridge.
The truss bridge I will focus on is Hampden Bridge, located in Wagga Wagga, New South Wales.
Hampden Bridge is a wood Truss bridge that crosses the Murrumbidgee River in Wagga Wagga,
New South Wales. This bridge opened to the public on 11 November 1895 and it was closed in
October 1995 due to Wiradjuri Bridge opening. The bridge is 100.5 metres long, all of the 3 truss
spans 33.5 metres. Hampden Bridge is the first large overhead–braced truss bridge made by Percy
Allan. The bridge was originally designed to be a steel, but the tenders were too expensive. timber
was used as the alternative. The Hampden bridge replaced the Wagga Wagga bridge,this bridge was
made in 1892 and alos crossed the Murrumbidgee river. Percy Allan made the third of five standard
wooden truss bridges. there is a clear difference of development between the pre Allan era and the
post Allan era. Allan completely redesigned how timber truss bridges were made in NSW. He often
based his bridge design on the American Howe bridge although he exploited the much stronger
woods in Australia, to reduce the design its bare essentials, this is show in the differences between
the two bridges before Allan made his and Allan's bridges all around New South

The Waco Suspension Bridge
In the small town of Waco, Texas who would have thought it was once well known for the structure
of a bridge, the Waco Suspension Bridge to be exact. Up until 1870, the Brazos River was just a
simple river that had no special meaning to it. The land around it was empty, occasionally you
would find cattlemen pushing their cattle across stream, but that was only because you could not
find one bridge that spanned the eight hundred miles of river flowing through Central Texas. This
caused a serious transportation issue for merchants and travelers. It became clear that a better means
of crossing the river was necessary. Plans to build a bridge across the Brazos initiated in 1866, when
the Texas State Legislature granted a charter for the foundation

Impact Of Professor Farquharson's Breakdown On A Bridge
As Professor Farquharson's studies progressed, modifications on the bridge continued. Tie–down
cables were positioned on the bridge's sides and wires were stretched diagonally across the bridge's
deck and main cables. Thus, the problem was believed to be solved. However, one of the reinforcing
tie–down cables, placed only a month prior, snapped due to high speed winds on November 1. The
date of this malfunction marks the start of a week–long series of unfortunate events ultimately
leading to the bridge's collapse on November 7.
Professor Farquharson made an important observation– the bridge model underwent a "twisting
motion" when faced with certain extreme conditions. From his model, he could conclude that in the
event that the actual bridge ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Clark Eldridge, an engineer from Washington State, had designed a trusted, conventional suspension
bridge that would cost eleven million dollars. He requested that amount from the Federal Public
Works Administration. However, Leon Moisseiff developed a design modification that would make
the total cost of building the bridge much less– only eight million dollars. He swapped out the
twenty–five feet long sturdy trusses as the form of support for the much cheaper alternative of 8 foot
long girders, which were proven to be an insufficient form of support from the collapse of this
bridge. His design accounted for an overall thinner bridge; and since his was the cheaper option, it
was chosen for construction. However, the width of the bridge in comparison to the length, as well
as the absence of trusses which would provide stability, are both part of Moisseiff's "cost–effective",
yet impractically unsafe design. Since his design was flawed, he is mainly responsible for the bridge
collapse. However, the board of engineers who approved his design are also partially responsible for
the bridge collapse, as this unsafe design was allowed to be constructed. Meanwhile, it is imperative
to remember that theories on aerodynamics were not fully developed as of the time that this bridge
was constructed. Therefore, the full effect of oscillating forces was not properly accounted for due to
the

Suspension Bridge: The Golden Gate Bridge
The Golden Gate Bridge was a modern marvel at the time that it was built. Nobody had seen such a
long suspension bridge built with such little money and in such a short amount of time. Everybody
was stunned by it.
A suspension bridge is a bridge that has large cables that are used to support the bridge and has
towers that are used to help anchor the cables. The suspension bridges that we know today are not
like the ones that they once were. The suspension bridge used to be much more simple. They were
the oldest bridge types made by man and only had cables, no towers. Since they became popular
suspension bridges have started to become used more because they can have longer spans, cost less
and, are more earthquake proof than other bridge ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also, if the navy had
6 axles: $45.00 $39.00 gotten its way, the bridge would have
7 axles: $52.50 $45.50 been painted in black and yellow stripes. The bridges signature color was not
always the planed color that they were going to paint it. The color was actually the color of the
primer but the architects liked the vivid hue of the primer so they just kept it like that. Another fun
fact is that three babies have been born on the bridge and all of them have been boys. Also, the
bridge has only had to be closed three times because of weather, all three of those times there were
winds of 70 miles or higher. The bridge was also closed on its 50th and 75th anniversaries. The last
fun fact is that the Golden Gate Bridge has been used in over 24 movies. And in 15 of these movies
the bridge was being destroyed.
The Golden Gate Bridge is a modern marvel. It is amazing that Joseph B. Strauss was even able to
create such a long bridge. There is no doubt that there were hardships along the way, but in the end,
something great was

Suspension Bridge Research Paper
Have u ever been on a bridge before. Well I haven't but I'll am going to talk about four different
famous bridges and they are all suspension bridges. They are a lot of suspension bridges out in the
world and that you can't study all of them at once. Also you can go on the bridges if you wanted to
but if you wanted to you should go on one of these bridges I'll be talking about. Also all the bridges
are one of the most outstanding bridges then the rest and they stand out then all of the other shiny
gold and metal build sides and and the sparkling lights. The bridges I will be talking about is the
Golden Gate Bridge, and the second one is the Brooklyn Bridge, the George Washington Bridge,
and the last one is the Verrazano Narrows Bridge. The Golden gate bridge and also it is a suspension
bridge. The Golden Gate Bridge is one of the largest suspension bridges there are in the entire
world. Also the Golden Gate Bridge also as to get painted every single year to make it look like the
Golden Gate Bridge again. The Golden Gate Bridge was also located in San Francisco California.
The Golden Gate Bridges ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was located in Staten Island, New York. Also the Verrazano Narrows Bridge was also a double
decker suspension bridge and that it had a underneath the bottom of the bridge was a bottom deck.
Verrazano Narrows Bridge was one of the largest span of the suspension bridges there was. Also
Verrazano Narrow Bridge was one of the best bridges there was and that it could hold a lot of weight
and it would look so amazing in the shiny light when the pretty blue light turned to the dark and
shabby light. Also it was opened on November 21, 1964 and then years later it had its 50th
anniversary but who knows how long it stands now these days. The last thing about this final
suspension bridge is that the bridge connected New York City boroughs of Staten Island and

Holland Tunnel History
The Holland Tunnel was built in 1920–1924 by pushing cylindrical shields through the river bottom.
The shields not only dug through mud but also served as the shell beneath which the actual tunnel
walls were constructed. The tunnel walls were built of iron rings filled in with concrete making sure
it was not hollow. Two shields were used; one began on the New York shore and the other on the
New Jersey shore. They finally were able to meet in October 1924. The 1.6–mile span of the
Holland Tunnel was the first tunnel under the Hudson River that allowed for the passing of vehicles.
When it was finally opened, it was the longest underwater and mechanically ventilated tunnel in the
world. "The tunnel was an amazing achievement that pioneered the solution to many engineering
problems." (Holland Tunnel Construction) By the early 1920's, many ferries crossed the Hudson
River, which was the only mode of transportation between New ... Show more content on
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Entering compressed air into the tunnel was one of the harder areas on the creation of the tunnel
along side the ventilation systems. Because they had to balance the compressed air with the pressure
of the water that was trying to enter into the tunnel, this made working conditions extremely hard. In
October 26, 1922 compressed air was introduced into the shield chamber on the New York side and
the actual tunneling began. Each shield weighed around 400 tons with all of the equipment in place
weighing everything down. "Tunnel construction workers in this project were called "sandhogs" and
are credited for saying "Think twice, you only live once."" (Scientific American) This quote pretty
much summed up the danger of working in the tunnel. Teams of "sandhogs" followed the two
massive 400–ton shields removing mud, blasting through rock, and were bolting together the iron

Suspension Bridge at Location D Essay
I think a suspension bridge would be the best type of bridge to build from location D. This is
because suspension bridges typically can span distances from 2,000 to 7,000 feet long – location D
spans a distance of 4,200 feet across an ocean bay where long ships come and go. The other bridges
would not be adequate enough to connect Hebron Island with the mainland. For example, an arch
bridge cannot be connected numerous times in the ocean without structural support from the ground,
and can only span short distances usually less than 800 feet. A beam bridge would not be a suitable
option either because they typically can only span distances below 200 feet, and connecting many
beam bridges together would not work either, because long ships ... Show more content on
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Though sturdiness is a major advantage, a significant drawback to building a suspension bridge is
the costs. Steel is an expensive material to construct long, massive suspension bridges out of. Our
bridge will have to span a long distance of 4,200 feet and constructing a bridge of steel for such a
great distance will definitely be pricey. The costs of building a suspension bridge is very high and
they tend to be the most expensive type of bridge to build. In addition, over time, steal is a material
that can deteriorate quickly due to corrosion as stated by the Understanding Bridges video. Proper
inspections need to be conducted often to ensure the safety of the passengers traveling on the bridge.
When building the bridge, weather conditions are a major factor to take into consideration. For
example, when it is windy, a suspension bridge will sway from side to side or even bounce up and
down, making transportation dangerous for those traveling on the bridge. The Tacoma Narrows
Bridge is a very good example of this type of structural failure. It was built to withstand winds up to
120 mph but it collapsed in a wind of only 42 mph after oscillating back and forth repeatedly. Since
suspension bridges are susceptible to wind, it is always a challenge for engineers to keep the vertical
and lateral swayings within safe limits. Transporting the equipment to build a bridge above such a
huge mass of water

Importance Of Ethics In Engineering
Engineering and ethics are two things that most may, at first thought, believe have nothing to do
with one another, but in order to be a successful engineer, one must fully understand the ethical
responsibilities that they have. Engineering ethics is the moral principles that an engineer must
uphold throughout their entire career. Engineers have an obligation to themselves and society to
understand these ethical responsibilities and maintain their own ethical values and responsibilities.
Introduction
In order to become a licensed engineer in the United States, an engineer must pass their professional
engineering exam that will test the engineer on a variety of subjects, one of those subjects being
ethics. The National Society of Professional Engineers has adopted and implemented their Code of
Ethics since 1964. The fundamentals of the Code of Ethics state that:
Engineers, in the fulfillment of their professional duties, shall:
1. Hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public.
2. Perform services only in areas of their competence.
3. Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner.
4. Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees.
5. Avoid deceptive acts.
6. Conduct themselves honorably, responsibly, ethically, and lawfully so as to enhance the honor,
reputation, and usefulness of the profession
In summary, an engineer must uphold all responsibilities and perform all duties necessary to
maintain an ethical connection to society that includes but is not limited to the safety and positive
welfare of the public.
Case Studies
Throughout history there has been multiple example of ethics in engineering, both good and bad.
The following case studies are examples of how ethics play an important role in engineering and
whether or not the subjects of discussion acted in an ethical way or not. We will examine the ethical
issues involved in each case and how they impacted society and other in the field of engineering.
This will also include my personal opinion on each case study and what ethical issues I believe are
involved in each case.
TACOMA NARROWS BRIDGE COLLAPSE
The original Tacoma Narrows Bridge was built in Washington State in July of 1940. The suspension
bridge was

Key Differences Between Torsion And Suspension Bridges
Humans have encountered numerous obstacles in our environments that stand in the way of the
ultimate goal of connectedness between all areas of earth. These obstacles may come in the form of
mountains, oceans, canyons, or desserts. We employ the use of many different technologies to aid in
traversing these obstacles. One technology we have developed to cross large distances such as
canyons or bodies of water is the bridge. Over the centuries, we have developed several variations of
the bridge that vary in technological advancement and the capacity to cross longer distances. These
bridge variations include the simple beam bridge, truss bridges, arch bridges, suspension bridges,
and cable–stayed bridges. The key differences between these bridges ... Show more content on
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These include torsion, shear, and resonance. Torsion is a force of twisting, and is somewhat similar
to tension. In example of torsion is the force you apply when you twist a cloth. Different materials
handle torsion very differently. For example, if you twist a wooden bat, it will not break, and if you
twist a piece of licorice, it will twist around itself several times without breaking. They both handle
the force different ways, wood stays stiff, and licorice flexes and stretches to endure more force
(Garrett Boon 10/31/17). Suspension bridges are particularly susceptible to torsion, as high winds
can cause the road deck to twist and rotate. One way that engineers help to reduce torsion force on
suspension bridges is to design deck–stiffening truss systems to further stiffen the road deck. In the
case of extremely long suspension bridges however, the deck truss is not enough, and engineers
need to include more aerodynamic truss systems and diagonal support cables in order to protect
against torsion (Robert Lamb and Michael Morrissey 10/6/17). Arch and Beam bridges are mostly
immune to this force due to their rigid structure and truss system for beam bridges. Shear is more
similar to compression than it is to tension. It occurs when two forces act in opposing direction on
the same point. An example of shear forces is if you were to hold a plank or piece of wood using
two hands. If you pushed up with one hand and down with the other hand, then you would be
applying shear force to that piece of wood. Shear more commonly occurs horizontally rather than
vertically (Garrett Boon 10/31/17). Shear occurs in bridges when the weight of the bridge itself or
the weight of the load on the bridge causes materials to slide by each other or shear off. An overload
of weight on the bridge can cause

Milwaukee Art Museum
The Milwaukee Art Museum is a large modernistic building that is designed both for both beauty
and function. The museum as a whole is a piece of art. It features clean lines, impressive symmetry,
a clean color pallet, and many other aesthetically pleasing elements. These elements work together
to create a building that Milwaukee is proud of. It is positioned in a prime position on Wisconsin
Avenue, and is also rite on the lakefront. This placement makes the building viewable to museum
visitors, lakefront visitors, and commuters alike, making the structure an even more important part
of Milwaukee. The importance is highlighted through its impressive aesthetic. The beautiful
architecture features an elegant pedestrian bridge, a grand entrance, ... Show more content on
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It functions as a multipurpose space. Some of its uses are the grand entry to the museum, a
temporary exhibit space, a brunch area, an art fair space, and a wedding venue. No wonder it has so
many uses, with 90–foot glass ceilings and a magnificent view of the lake, it is truly a grand space
that extends beyond its walls. All of the glass lets in a magnificent amount of natural light. The lake
is framed with large arched windows, and the floors are beautiful white marble. The walls are
entirely white, and the ceiling is made of giant windows with white metal frames that slope up to a
point. This follows the overall clean and futuristic look of the museum, as it is an architectural
feature rarely seen in buildings today, and it is almost surreal when you look at it in person. The
windows themselves are not square, and their frames appear to be slanted at angles similar to the
unique tangents of the suspension bridge. All of the windows appear to be custom to their
placement, none exactly like the other. This contributes to the futuristic look of the building, making
it appear surreal from both inside and out. A feature of this room that is most noticeable from the
outside its front looks like the bow of a ship. This ties the museum to the lake. It looks as though it
could sail off in the night, a beautiful translucent vessel. Overall, Windhover Hall is an impressive
space that wows visitors. With it's high ceiling, beautiful floors, and interesting shape, it is a
memorable piece of the architecture. It is an important piece that rounds out the building, intensifies
its modern look, and makes the structure feel

Goodwill Bridge Essay
The purpose of the project is to investigate the Construction Engineering infrastructure and process
involved with the designing and building of the Goodwill Bridge.
The Goodwill bridge is a bridge which spans across the Brisbane river carrying non–motorised
traffic such as cyclists and pedestrians. The purpose of the bridge was to create a shorter and more
convenient route of travel for residents wishing to travel between South Bank Parklands and
Gardens Point in the Brisbane CBD. Due to the Brisbane river being the separation of these
locations; the Goodwill bridge was a convenient, helpful solution. The bridge was first opened by
the Premier of Queensland on the 21st of October, 2001.
The construction of the Goodwill bridge involved skilled engineering analysis and design ... Show
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The clearance below ranges between the lowest point of 11.4 metres and the highest point of 12.7
metres. The arch is 102 metres in length, 10 metres wide, and 15 metres high. The bridge has a total
weight of 360 long tons.
The Goodwill bridge' aesthetically pleasing figure was designed by skilled architects from Cox
Rayner and then passed on to the engineers at Ove Arup and Partners, to continue on with the
further design preparation before the structure was to be constructed. A large well known
construction company was in charge of the bridge construction, with the main contractor being John
Holland.. In charge of the project was project manager Jack Sullivan, from Amtec International
Construction Services.
Since the creation of the Goodwill bridge, the amount of traffic on the bridge daily has been
noticeably increasing. On an average week, over 40'000 people travel across the bridge due to its
convenience and easy accessibility. For the university students of QUT that catch the train in every
day to Southbank, it provides fast and easy travel to and from

Golden Gate Bridge Problem Statement
Introduction
This report takes an in depth look at the Golden Gate bridge of San Francisco. I identify the
problems and formulate the problem statement as well as discussing the role of the chief engineer.
The Golden Gate bridge was long on of the longest suspension bridges in the world and is a huge
feat of engineering.
Problem Statement
The main Problem
The problem in 1920's San Francisco was that there was a lot of ferry traffic to cross over from San
Francisco to Marin county. Thus the solution was to build a bridge. A bridge had to be built over the
Golden Gate. The Golden Gate has rough oceans and strong tidal currents making the challenge
even greater, but the biggest challenge was the length that the bridge would have to span over these
rough waters.
Geography of the area
It is key to understand the geography of the San Francisco Bay area to understand the need of a
bridge. At that time in the 1920's the city of San Francisco was separated from Marin County and
the only way to get to one or the other side ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Firstly, the four anchorages had to be constructed which would serve as a foundation for the towers
and anchorage for the cables of the bridge. The north tower was built onshore while the south tower
had to be built offshore in the ocean.
To build the south tower they used pilot bombs to blow up the bedrock on the seafloor to what they
desired. They then built a fender wall, or like the workers called it the "Giant Bathtub", and pumped
out the seawater. When this was done the workers constructed the south towers base and anchorages,
(Goldengate.org).
After the anchorages and bases of the towers were built the steel towers were erected. About six
hundred thousand rivets were used to connect the pieces of the towers. Once the towers were erected
the cables of the bridge were spanned and finally the roadway was laid. Construction finished 28
May

The Cult Of Womanhood By Barbara Welter
The article, The Cult of Womanhood: 1820 – 1860 written by Barbara Welter discusses the
philosophy towards women in America during the mid 19th century. A set of demands and
expectations based upon four principles: piety, purity, submission and domesticity were placed on
women as well as certain behavioral expectations left 19th century women feeling guilty. It also left
women feeling this way during the industrialization period as well as having a huge presence of
incompatibility with society. Welter shares her viewpoint that the Cult of Womanhood was an
attempt to preserve pre modern values in the industrial age. Men held a dominant place in society
and continued to prevent new opportunities for women to explore. Narrow minded ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
181). Religion was integrated into their life. As the Industrial Age progressed, the strong religious
values weakened through generations. "Female education should be preeminently religious" (p.182).
The woman was the primary teacher of her child and was expected to teach themselves religion and
be able to teach their children as well. "One reason religion was valued was that it did not take a
woman away from her "proper sphere, her home." (p. 181) Women only completed grade school and
had many opportunities to read the bible so they were also able to preach family values, help the
poor and contribute to stopping slavery. Devotion to religion was expected. Welter explains that a
woman's brain is capable of comprehending religion even though it is not visible. As the Industrial
Age progressed, the strong religious values weakened through generations. Submission, another
principle, kept women from voicing her opinion when having a discussion with their husbands or
telling their husbands to terminate an annoying idiosyncrasy. "Wives were advised to do their best to
reform men, but if they couldn't, to give up gracefully. If any habit of his annoyed me, I spoke of it
once or twice calmly, then bore it quietly."(p. 186) She would reinforce her submissiveness by
wearing tight corsets which would limit her breathing and physical mobility and remain
uncomfortable. They were expected to be subservient to men as well as homemakers. "In Women of

Wooden Truss Bridge
The most common types are the beam bridges, arch bridges, suspension bridges, cantilever bridges,
cable–style, and the kind I am going to research is truss bridge.
Zhaozhou Bridge is the oldest bridge; it is in china.
The first welded bridge was designed by polish engineer Stefan Bryla.
The longest suspension bridge in the world (from 2010) is the Akashi Kaikyo bridge in Kobe Japan.
Allan truss is based on the Howe truss. The first one was finished on 13 August 1894.
Bailey truss was made for the military, with many different styles. Baltimore truss was like the Pratt
truss but it has more bracing on the bottom to stop buckling.
Bollman truss had many independent tension elements that makes a strong bridge which is easy to
assemble.
Burr arch truss that is a combination of an arch and truss which gives a strong bridge. ... Show more
K truss has beams that form the letter k in each panel.
Long truss is like the Howe truss but made of wood and usually is a covered bridge.
Parker truss is like the pratt truss but has a polygonal upper chord.
If that chord has five segments it is called a camelback truss.
The pegram truss has chords that are wider at the bottom but the same length at the top.
Pratt truss has members and angels that slope downward to the center. Many different types that are
based on this are used for the railroads.
Vierendeel truss has rectangular members instead of triangular.
Warren truss has members joined only by angled cross–members. This forms equilateral truss. It is
light and strong and makes an economical truss.
The Quebec bridge is the world's longest cantilever bridge.
The longest continuous bridge is lake pontchartrain causeway in southern

And Disadvantages Of A Suspension Bridge
Advantages and Disadvantages of a Suspension Bridge:
As the name implies, suspension bridges hold the roadway by cables, ropes or chains from two tall
towers. These towers support the majority of the weight as compression pushes down on the
suspension bridge's deck and then travels up the cables, ropes or chains to transfer compression to
the towers (Lamb & Morrissey, 2000). The towers then distribute the compression directly into the
earth. The supporting cables, on the other hand, receive the bridge's tension forces. These cables run
horizontally between the two far–flung anchorages. Bridge anchorages are essentially solid rock or
massive concrete blocks in which the bridge is grounded. Tensional force passes to the anchorages
and into the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are remarkably flexible.
Suspension bridges need to be flexible enough to move with the wind, but not until conditions
become severe and then breaks. Since movement needs to be applied to the bridge, the cable system
will move in windy conditions, since movement needs to be applied to the bridge. It may require
closure during strong earthquakes or in any extremely turbulent conditions.
2. It restricts local access during construction.
Roadway panels are lifted from the bottom up while suspension bridges are under construction; so
this can limit access to highways or waterways that will be underneath the bridge. That will create a
large damage and impact on local economy when it comes to transportation systems that carry a lot
of traffic.
3. There are load limitations.
Suspension bridges can only withstand a certain amount of weight, which means that only a certain
type of traffic are able to cross a suspension bridge or it will fail. For some communities, this may
limit access options to their region at large because only a certain amount of the population can
cross the bridge at any given moment.
Members under tension or compression in our model:
Towers under

Mike O. Callaghan-Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge
Since the early days, the men try overcome environmental challenges and, in this process, ends up
creating amazing masterpieces of engineering. Among this works, the bridges appears as the clearest
representatives of how the mankind could adapt to Earth's contours. If the shape of landscape can't
be changed, the bridges are the solution to link two places and allows the connection of the traffic to
improve aspects such as the communication and the trade. Depending to the need, to the sources and
to the environment, the bridge can be constructed in a specific configuration. There are five main
sorts of bridges configurations. First, there is the simplest bridge, the beam bridge. Second, the arch
bridge, one of the oldest kind. There are the truss, composed of set of trellises. Lastly, there are the
cable–stayed and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Among the hundreds of thousands bridges in the world, two worth mentioning for their history and
unique features. These two engineering masterpieces are the Mike O'Callaghan–Pat Tillman
Memorial Bridge, as known as Hoover Dam Bypass Bridge and the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge. Through
the analysis of their characteristics, it is possible compare and contrast these projects in aspects such
as historic facts, design features, and environmental and construction challenges.
First, the construction of the bride reflects a need and depends of the constructors' sources. A bridge
is basically constructed to link two places, but its importance comes from the reason for which it
was made. Each bridge has its own motive to exist and history. In the case of the Hoover Dam
Bypass, the project was conceived as a alternative to the traffic. Previously the construction of the
bridge, the big project of the hydroelectric dam on the Colorado River, also was used as a path to

Suspension Bridge Research Paper
Page
1 of 3
Errrrr spack as the construction workers fall to their death. 11 people died while on the golden
bridge working on the bridge. After all those deaths they later installed a net and many people were
saved.There are many types of bridges like suspension,beam, truss and arch.So in this nonfiction
essay you will know all about suspension,beam, truss and arch bridges. There are many types of
bridges that are used for different things. This essay is about different bridges. A suspension bridge
is usually a big bridge that stretches a long ways.The first model of a suspension bridge was built in
the 1800s in and is used today. Suspension bridges have long cables that hold the bridge without
piers. A suspension bridge is a very expensive Bridge because of the materials that it uses. A
suspension ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An arch bridge has a slight Bend in the middle that makes itself sturdy. Most arch bridge is as old as
rock itself.A beam bridge is made of many different things mostly steel and prestressed concrete.A
beam bridge is the simplest and the oldest bridge ever created. The beam bridge is so simple all it
consists of is a log or we can go more advanced with steel and concrete. The beam bridge may be
easy and inexpensive to build but is not the sturdiest. The beam bridge is Not sturdy because of the
lack of materials used and that it is square. A beam bridge is made for depending on the place, long
or short distances.Truss Bridges at the beginning were made of wood and iron . Most bridges were
made of stone but the the truss Bridge was made of wood and iron because it can withstand a lot of
tension unlike stone. Now a days truss bridges are made of metal. The truss bridge is a very strong
bridge.The truss bridge is strong but is very very expensive and hard to build. The truss on the truss
bridge is made to keep the wind from blowing it over.The truss is also to keep the tension from

I-35w Mississippi River Bridge Essay
This report mainly presents causes and consequences that resulted in the structural failure of the I–
35W Mississippi River bridge which was constructed since 1964 and the further implication for me.
It was found that the bridge collapsed due to undersized gusset plates, inefficient maintenance
project and overloaded equipments. As a result of the abrupt collapse that brought about 13 dead and
145 injurers, the state government carried out a series of effective rescue, forced the designing
company to pay the price and exerted themselves to eliminate pressures imposed on both traffic and
business. It can be concluded that qualified engineers are required to be both ware of social
responsibilities of engineers and adept at the professional skills that they specialised respectively.
2 Introduction
The I–35W Mississippi River bridge was constructed since 1964 and was located in the south–east
of the "Mississippi ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1 Professional Accountability
This accident exposed a large amount of lethal defects occurred on those engineers who were
involved in this collapse of the bridge. According to Stage 1 Competencies and Elements of
Competency(3. 1), a lack of professional accountability can be easily seen throughout above issues.
Professional Engineers are needed to be responsible for the reliability of products they created and
designed within a variety of severe environments. They are needed to test how the bridge would
likely to work over and over under a variety of complex circumstances within the test stage of
building the bridge.
5. 2 Developed Skills
According to Code of Ethics (2. 1), engineers are required to continue to develop their skills even if
they have hired by a company. Those Engineers who designed the bridge did not have either sound
knowledge relating to how to implement in the real society or practised engineering techniques so
that they created a bridge that collapsed after several decades.
5. 3 Conceptual

Role Of Engineers During The Planning Process
1. Introduction
Peace Bridge is a cycle–footpath bridge across the River Foyle in Derry, Ireland. It connected the
Walled city centre and the Ebrington redevelopment site. The bridge opened to the public in 25 June
2011.
Peace Bridge won many excellence awards such as Structural Steel Design award, ICE North East
Region Robert Stephenson award and the Overall planning award by the Irish Planning Institute.
The government and the public have described the bridge as a sustainable infrastructure asset, which
provided the basic services, and allowed the local communities and societies to function more
effectively. More importantly, Peace Bridge became a landmark very quickly due to its iconic
structure, which attracts millions of visitors every year.
This essay will mainly focus on the roles of engineers during the planning process. The relation
between engineers and the associated Ecological, Economical, Political and regeneration aspects
will also be discussed.
2. Overview of Peace Bridge
Structure of the Bridge
The bridge is a self–anchored suspension bridge. It combined the reverse curvature of the deck,
inclined towers and suspension cables to balance the forces in the system. The total length of cable
used was 4.5 kilometers. The use of construction material was mainly steel, and the structure
weights 1000 tonnes. There is a 150mm gap at each end of the bridge to permit the expansion of
steel during the summer.
Size of the Bridge
The bridge obeys a S–shaped

Analysis Of Da Nang 's ' Da '
The Da Nang Dragon Bridge has become a staple in Da Nang's existence and has put them on the
map in a big way. The aesthetic appeal of the bridge garners a lot of attention, but the bridge serves
an important purpose other than just being visually appealing. This bridge connects to cities and
allows easy access to the regional city of Da Nang. While creating an ease of access to and from Da
Nang, this bridge also has brought great economic wealth to the city of Da Nang. It is a staple for
tourists to visit as well as the surrounding inhabitants to admire this engineering marvel.
The Da Nang People's Committee (DNPC) were seeking long term–development as well as the
ability to strengthen regional access to and from Da Nang. The Da Nang ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The width of the bridge is 35 meters and usually for bridges with widths this large the deck is
supported by arches on the outside of each deck. Steel suspender cables are used to connect the deck
and arch in 8–meter intervals. Reinforced concrete is used underneath the deck as the arch structure
and this is also integrated into the pier. 10.5 meter cantilevers extend from the structures box girders
which is how the superstructure is able to span 37.5 meters wide. The most unique aspect of the
bridge is that there are no interlocking members, but instead utilizes a substance called neoprene.
The full dimensions of this bridge are six 3.75 meter wide lanes, two 2.5 meter wide sidewalks, 666
meters in total length, 37.5 meters in total width, and gives a 12 m clearance form bridge to water. It
is composed mainly of steel and concrete.
Envision is a decision making guide that introduces sustainability considerations for infrastructure
projects. Owners, designers, and communities are able to make more informed decisions about the
sustainability of infrastructure due to Envision. Envision also does not cost any money and allows
for independent self–assessments. The Envision system covers all aspects of a project's life cycle
which are planning, design, operation, construction, and deconstruction. There are also six
categories that go with Envision and those categories are restorative, conserving, superior,
enhanced, improved, and conventional. Each

Capilano Suspension Bridge Park
The most memorable moment of my summer was visiting the most popular tourist attraction in
Vancouver, Capilano Suspension Bridge Park. The bridge is made of sturdy thick cables, wooden
planks, and it was originally built in 1889 by George Grant Mackay. My cousins and I played a
serious game of hide–and–seek on this historic bridge. While running away from our parents at the
park, I led the group to a series of multiple mini bridges that connected the trees together, far away
from the group of parents. My cousin, Esha, the youngest with black hair, brown eyes, and brown
skin like the rest of us crossing the bridge, the oldest is Rajan, with the same features as Esha. It was
such a hot day so I felt the burning sun on my back as we sprinted across

How Architects Change The World
How Architects Change the World
"To provide meaningful architecture is not to parody history, but to articulate it."– Daniel Libeskind
Mankind has built structures since the beginning of time and every structure which has been built
throughout history has a story behind it. The reasons for building these structures are many and
varied. The main reason for building a structure is out of necessity. Buildings such as the aqueducts
of Rome, Windsor Castle of Medieval Europe, and the Golden Gate Bridge, were built out of
necessity. Another reason for building a structure is an artistic expression or to express a sentiment,
such as the Statue of Liberty, the Gateway Arch, or the Eiffel Tower. A third reason for building a
structure is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Without architects, none of us would be living in houses, none of us would have schools to go to,
and none of us would have bridges to cross water. One good example of a structure being built out
of necessity is the golden gate bridge.
The Golden Gate Bridge
The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco is a suspension bridge 4,200 feet long spanning the San
Francisco Bay. It opened in 1937 and was the longest suspension bridge in the world until 1964.
Joseph Strauss was the head engineer for the bridge, but it was ultimately designed by Leon
Moisseiff, who was also the championed designer of the Manhattan Bridge. The bridge cost over 35
million dollars and from it's opening through January 2014, over two billion vehicles have crossed
the bridge. The color of the Bridge is officially "international orange" picked by architect Irving
Morrow because it complements the natural scenery, and this orange makes this bridge one of the
most recognized bridge in the world.
In addition to being one of the most recognized bridge in the world, today the Golden Gate Bridge is
one of the most photographed and the most driven over bridge in the world. It's lasting impact is not
only it's usefulness but also the aesthetic appeal it adds to the California landscape as well as an
object of pride for Californians.
The Roman Aqueducts
Another architectural feat that was completed out of necessity was the Roman Aqueducts.
Aqueducts are a

Clifton Suspension Bridge Essay examples
Clifton Suspension Bridge
The Clifton Suspension Bridge is located in Bristol England, and spans the beautiful Avon gorge.
This bridge has become the symbol of Bristol much like the Eiffel tower has of Paris, and the Opera
house has of Sydney. The story of the Clifton Suspension Bridge began in 1754 with the dream of a
Bristol wine merchant who donated his life savings to build a bridge over the gorge. To decide on a
suitable design for the bridge a competition was held. Thomas Telford, the leading civil architect of
the time was the judge. Mr. Telford attempted to submit his own design; however the decision to
declare himself the winner was overruled and a second competition was held. This time, contrary to
the recommendation of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also the original design was narrower than the final structure; the increased width has an interesting
story. Apparently a local land owner wished to drive his carriage to Bristol without having to walk
or negotiate the steep roads on the sides of the gorge, so he convinced the engineers, and paid for the
necessary modifications to widen the design of the bridge. It is fortunate that he insisted on this
widening because the bridge as it was originally designed would have never been able to cater to
modern traffic demands. The bridge was finished in 1859 and opened to the public in 1864.
Before the bridge was built the slip way was the only way to cross the river without taking a long
detour. The slip way was crossed at high tide by rowing a boat across, and at low tide by crossing on
series gangplanks that were tied together. Both crossings were fairly dangerous and extremely
inconvenient and therefore a bridge was a very popular idea.
The Clifton Suspension bridge is world famous and one of the essential things to see in the West
Country. It is a beautiful piece of engineering that is lovely maintained by the bridge staff. The two
towers of the bridge span from Clifton to summerset, the Clifton tower is build on a solid rock
surface that acts as a foundation, however the summerset tower needed a massive brick buttress
before work on the tower could begin. The towers though similar are not identical. The towers are
similar in size, the main differences

Physics Of Bridges
Bridges are a connection of one place of the world to another. They link the vast world together.
Bridges were used thousands of years ago, especially by the Romans. In the ancient times and
present time, several forces are always encountered when building bridges. The forces determine
how big or sturdy a bridge will be. There are several types of bridges, such as the girder bridge, arch
bridge, truss bridge, and suspension bridge. Bridges have been used for a great amount of time. This
allows us to discover more about the forces of bridges and he variety of bridges today.
The earliest bridges, natural and manmade, were made from wood planks or logs, and later from
stone. The Romans, one of the greatest bridge builder of ancient time, built ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
These bridges are made of trusses, which are patterns of triangles. The truss was developed during
the Industrial Revolution when people were finding ways to develop better girder bridges. These
trusses are now used to stabilize and support other bridges, such as suspension bridges. Trusses are
used widely because the truss pattern is rigid and can dissipate weight throughout the truss. They
can be commonly found on girder bridges, because the truss pattern evens out the forces of tension
and compression. A deck truss, a type of truss bridge, is classified by having its roadway above the
truss. A through truss is another type of truss bridge that has the truss above the roadway. There are
various types of truss patterns, which include the K truss, the Pratt truss, the Warren truss, and the
Howe

Suspension Bridge Essay
For many centuries, mankind has worked tirelessly to adapt his environment to his needs. This
means artificially fertilizing soil, genetically engineering plants, even attempting to create rain
artificially (Mone). However, sometimes, water has gotten in the way, so, when man wants to build
his roads across them, his solution was: Pick up the road and carry it across.
Many suspension bridges are already well known for their frequent usage. For example, the Golden
Gate Bridge in San Francisco, the Union Bridge connecting England to Scotland, and the Brooklyn
Bridge, which expands New York City to surrounding islands. Now, according to The American
Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, a suspension bridge is "a bridge ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The reason is this: as forces, in the water skiing example, the pulling of the boat as well as the
friction and inertia of the skier, are exerted on the ends of the rope, they stress on the rope dissipates
slowly as distance increases, because work over a distance requires more force. Therefore, since the
forces are concentrated on the ends of the rope, less force is exerted on the center of the rope and
hence it is the most affected by gravity, being not suspended by any significant force. Now, the rope,
and any cable suspended in this style, has a parabolic shape and as the rider moves around in all
directions, the rope is thrown around, and once again the center, being not held stationary by a force,
is thrown around, giving it a slacked appearance. In suspension bridges, the vertical cables will sag
in a downward direction and when they are moved, they will act in the same fashion, appearing
slacked. In order to hold the center of these ropes stationary, a force would need to be exerted on the
end that is strong enough to accumulate a force in the center equal to that that would normally be
exerted on the end. This force would likely cause the rope to break long before this stationary state
of the center would be obtained.
Another strange thing about these bridges is their behavior in wind. The suspension bridge has a
reputation of swaying in the wind, but how can this be possible with a road on top of it? Surely

How Technology Has Changed The World Today
In this research paper i will be talking about bridges and their importance to the world today. I will
also go into detail on how bridges were in the past and how the first bridges were made by nature. I
will compare bridges from the past to how technology has changed the way bridges are built today
in the modern era. The more we advance in technology the more ca–pabilities we have too make
bridges that support so much more weight. As the improvements are made bridges are just becoming
safer and more reliables. I will mention 5 different kinds of bridges the beam bridge, arch bridge,
cantilever bridge,cable stayed bridge, and the suspension bridge. I will go into depth on how each
one of these bridges it's designed and the purpose of that certain bridge.
Bridges
Bridges they come in many different shapes and sizes every bridge has a purpose and is unique in
it's own way. A bridge is a structure that provides a passageway over obstacles such as rough terrain,
valleys or bodies of water by stretching across these obstacles. There are many dif–ferent kinds of
bridges and they all serve a purpose. A lot of people rely on a bridge on a daily basis and they have
to put their faith in the engineer that designed the bridge and hope that the bridge is safe. I will go
into detail about the origins of bridges, the different types of bridges, and how shapes help support
the structure of the bridge.
Origins of Bridges
Bridges have been in existence since

Brooklyn Bridge Research Paper
Adams 1
Dillon Adams
Mr. Lederman
Welding and Metal Fabrication II
4 January 2017 Brooklyn Bridge
John roebling was an immigrant from germany, john did not invent the suspension bridge but his
bridges made him famous in the 1800's. As a kid roebling dreamed of building bridges, he turned his
dreams into a reality. The Brooklyn Bridge was built over the East River linking Manhattan and
Brooklyn. The construction of the brooklyn bridge started in January 3, 1870 and was completed
May 24, 1883. The civil war delayed the construction of the bridge. At least two dozen people died,
including the bridges original designer After the civil war had came to an end the ... Show more
His bridges over the Allegheny River at Pittsburgh and over the Ohio River at Cincinnati were
considered remarkable achievements. Roebling began dreaming of spanning the East River between
New York and Brooklyn. The Civil War put the plans on hold. And Roebling was chosen as its chief
engineer. Just as work was begun on the bridge in the summer of 1869, tragedy struck. John
Roebling severely injured his foot in a horrible accident as he was surveying the spot where the
Brooklyn tower would be built. He died of lockjaw not long after, and his son Washington Roebling
who had distinguished himself as a Union officer in the Civil War, became chief engineer of the
bridge project."The contemplated work, when constructed in accordance with my design, will not
only be the greatest bridge in existence, but it will be the great engineering work of the continent
and of the age. Its most conspicuous feature – the great towers – will serve as landmarks to the
adjoining cities, and they will be entitled to be ranked as national monuments. As a great work of
art, and a successful specimen of advanced bridge engineering, the structure will forever testify to
the energy, enterprise, and wealth of that community which shall secure its erection." "Report" to the
New York Bridge Company,

The Penang Second Brigde in Malaysia
The Penang Second Bridge is one of the longest in Malaysia and also in the South East Asia region.
It is also known as the Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah Bridge which is named after the Sultan
of Kedah. The bridge connects from Batu Kawan on the mainland to Batu Maung on the Penang
Island. It has an overall length of 24km and a length over water (displacement) of 16.9km. It is
much longer when compared to the Penang First Bridge which only has an overall length of 13.5km.
The building of this bridge has cost the government for RM4.5billion.
The planning of building the second bridge to link the mainland to the island has been brought up
back in the year of 1995 by the 4th Prime Minister which is Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohammad and also
the 3rd Chief Minister of Penang, Tan Sri Dr. Koh Tsu Koon. Later, Malaysian government unveiled
the plan to construct the bridge in August 2006. The project is implemented in the 9th Malaysian
Plan. It is the largest civil construction work carried out in Malaysia in the past 2 decades.
The construction of the bridge officially started in November 2008 after all the planning and
procedure done. The bridge is currently projected completed on February 2014. The bridge is built
under the cooperation between China and Malaysia. The project itself was funded by China through
the Export–Import Bank of China as Malaysia signed RM2.7bilion loan agreement in July 2007.
Besides that, Malaysia also cooperated with the contractor from China that is China

Indian Spring Park on the Brazos River in Waco, Texas
Analysis of A Place Paper
I visited a place in Waco Texas where I reside. Waco is situated between Dallas and Austin. It was a
park called Indian Spring Park. This park is on the west side of the Brazos River. People
Go there all the time for festivals and events. The first thing you see in the park is the "Branding
The Brazos statue series". This is sculptures of cattle and cowboys on horseback. It is a very
Large display. It goes along with the famous Chisholm Trail. Cultural Arts of Waco
It perceives the crossing of the Brazos River. [In 2008, the first pieces of the "Branding the Brazos"
sculptors made their debut Next to the bridge. The towering Chisholm Trail sculptures, crafted by
Robert Summers, include An oversized, bronze trail boss driving longhorns on their way to crossing
the Brazos.] (waco–texas.com) Use to when livestock had to be taken to market they had to rely on
the ferry which was Dangerous and it took a lot of time to get the livestock across. But they built a
suspension bridge. This bridge was open to the public in 1870. And it is older than the Brooklyn
Bridge. [The Waco Suspension Bridge is a 475–foot structure that crosses the Brazos River in
downtown Waco. At the time that it was built it was one of the longest single–span suspension
bridges in the World. The bridge served vehicle traffic until 1971, at which time it became reserved
for pedestrians and special events. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1970

Taking a Look at the Suspension Bridge
The suspension bridge is a very popular type of bridge all over the world. It's hard to build but can
be built in a lot more places than an arch or beam bridge. Scientists do not know when it was
invented. They believe it was near the 15th century. Whom it was invented by is also unknown. A
suspension bridge can span distances from 2,000 to 7,000 feet, longer than any other type of bridge
in the world. It is a very unique bridge. A suspension bridge is a bridge with the weight of the deck
supported by cables suspended from larger cables that run between the towers. The main parts of a
suspension bridge are the towers, anchors, main cables, suspension cables, and the road way. It is
one of the most expensive bridges to build in the world. Suspension bridges are mainly made out of
steel these days. But some of them are made out of different things. A suspension bridge is very
different from arch bridges, even though there can be arch in a suspension bridge. The first
suspension bridge in America was in Niagara Falls, a beautiful waterfall in New York. The
suspension bridge was abandoned and never completed. Though, it still counts as the first
suspension bridge. Suspension bridges can be built in most places. You don't need a perfect flat
surface to work on unlike some bridges. All you need are the anchors and towers that touch the earth
to keep it upright. What you do is, first, put in the anchors (they cost the most money sometimes)
then the main cables along with the

Hoover Dam Bridge Research Paper
With New Yorks skyscrapers it is hard to believe that the United States was not the leader of the
construction of the first modern bridge in the world, according to Historic American Engineering
Record(2008), the first modern bridge in the United States was built in 1 November 1855, and was
named Gasconade Bridge, it was made out of Wooden Rail Bridge. Bridges are built all over the
United States for different purposes but they are built to connect two parts of land together for
transportation for instance, Hoover Dam Bridge, and others are built for commercial reasons and
some are built for tourism for example, the Royal Gorge Bridge. But they have the same concept of
connecting to lands together regardless to the reasons that they were constricted for. It ... Show more
The need for a new route and the demand of finding new attractions had triggered the idea of
building two of the United States known bridges. Jones(2012) noted that,the idea of the Royal
Gorge Bridge was Lon's P. Piper a Texan, who had envisioned the idea of giving visitors a view of
the gorge with a height of 955 feet above the Arkansas River in the state of Colorado. The Royal
Gorge Bridge is a suspension bridge that was the world's highest bridge for nearly 75 years.
Moreover the bridge attracts 500,000 visitors yearly. And had accomplished the rezones of being
one of the attractions in the state of Colorado

How To Build Suspension Bridges
Introduction: Bridges are constructed to withstand the forces of compression,tension,shearing,and
torsion in a variety of ways. These consist of I beams , steel , arches, truss's, bounded
steel(suspension bridges) and even beams. Compression is the act when an object is being
compressed or compressing , while tension is when an object is being stretched. Shearing in a bridge
is when the bridge begins to bend , suspension bridges combat it very well. If built incorrectly
bridges can undergo ,causing immense amount twist action to occur. Suspension Bridge: A
suspension bridge is a more complex bridge and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since a triangle shape experiences no push or pull it can withstand the tension provided by bridges.
The large openings in a truss allows wind to pass through the structure with ease , reducing any
additional tension provided by wind. The truss bridge acts in compression or tension, and typically
these bridges have its lower cord under compression while the upper chord is under tension. The
slanted beams "/ " in the middle prevents any buckling of the upper members of the bridge .The
truss ability to distribute forces has lead to many different designs of the bridge making it a unique
bridge. The Firth of 4th bridge is a perfect example of unique truss's. The chords of compression and
tension are reversed. Through the span of large truss's , the lower cord under compression while the
upper under

Tacoma Narrows Bridge Essay
Tacoma Narrows Bridge
One of the most influential engineering discoveries in the past century was the ill–fated Tacoma
Narrows Bridge. "Galloping Gertie" as she was known to local residents, the massive Washington
state suspension bridge shook, rattled and rolled its way into the history books. Legendary in its
time, the Tacoma Narrows Bridge held many records and drew tourists from around the world in its
short life. However, the famous bridge is not known for its creative engineering or speedy
construction, unfortunately the bridge was destined to fail. That failure in turn changed the way
every building is constructed today as well as further man's understanding of physics and the forces
of nature. In this paper we ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After years of deliberation, state officials decided that the time had come to create the Washington
Toll Authority in order to save the necessary funding to build a bridge to span the Tacoma Narrows.
In 1937 the project had begun, and officials sought a bridge designer to get their plan moving.
Leon Moisseiff was commissioned in 1937 to build a bridge that would rival the length of the
Brooklyn Bridge yet remain elegant and appealing to residents. He created a perfect design and the
project moved in search of contractors. From 1938 to 1940, continuous work constructed a
suspension bridge a mile–long. At the time, the Tacoma Narrows was the third largest bridge in the
world. The design was simple yet slender, with two 420 foot tall towers and a pair of suspension
cables supporting the road. The towers were reinforced carbon steel to support the lengthy bridge.
The concrete deck was 39–feet wide and 8–feet deep. The girders were made of carbon steel
anchored in giant blocks of concrete. The design was narrower, lighter and more flexible than any
other bridge in the world. The Seattle Toll Authority expected to Leon's design to handle 60,000
vehicles a day and increase travel to Olympic Peninsula.
The one mistake that caused this entire bridge to fail was a last minute change made by the
contractors early on in the build.

Analysis Of Eurasia 's First Contemporary Intercontinental...
CEE 262: Structures & the Urban Environment Sol Taubin (staubin@princeton.edu)
Crossing the Bosphorus: An Analysis of Eurasia's First Contemporary Intercontinental Bridge
I. Introduction
Given a global context of cities historically and very purposefully being situated along natural
bodies of water to take advantage of vast natural resources, it is no wonder that urban development,
industrialization, and localized population rise have increasingly implied the development of public
works in these metropolises. Among these works, infrastructures designed to facilitate transportation
across, rather than along, bodies of water such as rivers, straits, streams, etc., have proved
paramount for urban and economic growth and well–being, allowing an ever–growing workforce to
easily move both in and across cities' core and peripheries. Istanbul is one such city, where a
present–day metropolitan population of 17 million inhabitants heavily occupies the banks of the
Bosphorus strait – a body of water that has both facilitated and complicated the city's development.
Figure 1: The Bosphorus Strait1
Crossing the Bosphorus has posed a challenge throughout the city's history, and the city has had a
long history. Through its incarnations as Byzantium, Constantinople, and Istanbul, the capital of
Turkey
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1 Reproduced from: Wikipedia. Bosphorus. Web.
Accessed 10 May 2016. .
CEE 262: Structures & the Urban Environment Sol Taubin

The Change Between Suspension Bridges Before 1940 and...
Suspension bridges were important before 1940 and are still important today. Major cities such as
San Francisco, and Manhattan both have a suspension bridge. Suspension bridges are," a bridge
having a deck suspended from cables anchored at their extremities and usually raised on towers"
(dictionary.com). Due to the fact that suspension bridges are not completely supported throughout
the length of the bridge, past bridges were unsafe. For example, the Tacoma Narrows Bridge was a
suspension bridge opened on July 1st, 1940 (Mark Ketchum). This bridge marked a huge point in
suspension bridge safety and engineering, because in collapsed approximately four months after it
was opened (Parsons). The collapse caused such a shock, that suspension ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Sometimes the wind would not be perpendicular, in which the oscillation of the bridge was less, but
there was still some oscillation. On November 7th, 1940, the Tacoma Bridge collapsed because the
oscillation of the bridge became extreme. The oscillation of the bridge was caused by a wind speed
of 42 mph (HistoryLink.org). After, approximately, an hour of a corkscrew like motion, the bridge
collapsed into Puget Sound. This marked a huge turning point in the design of suspension bridges
from that point in time to current time. Initially, suspension bridges before 1940 were made of piers,
towers, wires, anchorages, and roadways. Piers were the main foundation for the suspension bridges.
There usually were two of them, which were made out of cement and were entrenched in ground
underneath the body of water that the bridge was spanned across. Towers were built on top of the
piers to provide a means of connection for the roadways and wires. Wires were connected to the
towers, roadways, and anchorages to provide tension support for the weight of the bridge. The
anchorages were large cement platforms that were planted into the ground on either side of the land
so that the wires could be connected to it. Lastly, the roadways were the main point of the
suspension bridge. They usually were wide enough to provide four lanes of traffic and stretched
from one side of the bridge to the other. This was the basic design of the suspension bridges

Tacoma Narrows Bridge
The Tacoma Narrows Bridge in Washington State had taken three years to complete its building
process. It experienced a terrible fate as it collapsed only four months after final construction.
During its short existence only vertical vibrations of the bridge were noticed, and the bridge became
famously known as "Galloping Gertie" due to the swaying of the roadway under high wind
conditions. A positive correlation was observed between the wind's speeds and the bridge's
vibrations in certain tests, yet contradictory results are also in existence which prove no correlation
between the two. Tourists who paid the bridge toll to venture across the swaying bridge,
encompassed by seemingly disappearing vehicles, often considered this bridge a roller–coaster ride
with a riding fee tacked on. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a replacement for the ferry system in place to venture across the Tacoma Narrows, the 2,800 feet
long bridge was created. However, in an attempt to make the bridge more cost–effective, it was built
with an unusual design for a suspension bridge– an extremely thin frame of only thirty–nine feet.
This created sufficient space for only two lanes on the roadway. Originally, the bridge was supposed
to be made more sturdy through the addition of trusses, yet there were inadequate funds. As a result,
a cheaper alternative– 8–foot girders– were added on. They were included on the entire expanse of
the bridge. However, there was not a sufficient stiffening effect created on the bridge by these
girders. There was not enough research in existence on aerodynamic stability for suspension bridges,
and wind tunneling/aerodynamic lift was thus not properly accounted

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