The Controversy Of Covering IR (SCR)

The Controversy Of Covering IR (SCR)
This case will not be flagged to an IRT at this time based on the information presently available. Covering IRTC spoke with the source who confirmed
that there was some miscommunication between them and the SCR. Source is unaware of any inappropriate sexual act or offer that occurred between
the alleged subject and the subject children. Source articulated that the alleged subject was upset with the PGF and proceeded to pull his pants down
(resulting in him exposing himself) while making an obscene jester towards the PGF. Source voiced that the subject children were reportedly in the
vicinity and observed the ordeal. Source stated that they were unaware of any injury the subject children sustained that was inflicted by the alleged
subject. A
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The Influence Of Napster's Contribution To The Culture Of...
Throughout the course of history there have been many technological advances that have made a tremendous impact on human culture and the way our
society functions. Inventions like the automobile, television, and the internet have all contributed to improve the quality of living as we know it. One
major contribution to media and our culture was the development and rise of sound recording. Since it's inception sound recording has evolved and
adapted to fit our ever growing need for media. Thanks to this reason it remains heavily integrated into our culture. As sound recording developed, it
pushed music, one of the oldest forms of media into a constant cycle of rebirth. As popular forms of music and its' artists begin to heavily influence our
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Not only did Napster take the concept of music sharing to a new level, it changed the way music was listened to and how the music industry would
begin to market popular music. With the internet becoming a fully formed popular resource, Napster was a free online service that specialized in
sharing MP3 files over the internet via P2P (Peer–to–peer) file sharing. P2P allowed users to gain access to music; which usually is paid content, by
searching for a Host (the source of the content) that would upload and distribute this content for free. This meant that everyone across the world
who had access to internet could find libraries of albums from various recording artists that they would generally have to pay hundreds of dollars
to listen to. What made this so appealing to the masses was that they could access it all for free. This significantly impacted the music industry
because it had no official way to control such a vast network. Why would consumer want to pay for music when they could find it for free? The
music industry which essentially makes a profit from record sales believed that this online service would cost them millions. Rather than the music
industry making sales from each record sold, one Napster user could purchase a record, upload it to the service and then hundreds of other users could
download it for free. Those hundreds of users no longer need to purchase the record themselves because they have already gained access to

The Role Of Recording Industry Association Of America Essay
The Role of the RIAA in Protecting Intellectual Copyright
This paper examines the role of the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in protecting the intellectual copyright of recordings from
illegal downloading, which continues to be a major problem for the recording industry despite repeated efforts to stop this practice by consumers.
This role of the RIAA relates to the business and economic aspects of the recording industry and illegal downloads from online platforms. The RIAA's
role in addressing illegal downloading has involved lobbying governments for enforcement of copyrights, litigation against private parties (individuals
and organizations), engaged in illegal downloads, and marketing campaigns encouraging customers to refrain from engaging in illegal downloads. The
paper begins with a background on how the technological developments led to the problem of illegal downloads before examining the role of the RIAA
in curbing this practice. The analysis then concludes with the finding that the RIAA has been deficient in curbing this practice, resulting in significant
losses in sales, revenues, and profits for the recording industry.
History of Illegal Downloads
The problem of illegal downloading in the recording industry was a result of specific technological developments. It was the development of MP3 file
formats for digital audio recordings, which first emerged in the early 1990s, but did not become a significant copyright threat to the recording industry

Music Recording Industry
Music Recording INTRODUCTION For centuries man had dreamed of capturing the sounds and music of his environment by means of music
recordings. The road to successful music recording had not been smooth until the derivation of the music recording industry. Since the inception of the
music recording industry, the way in which music is produced, distributed, sold and consumed have greatly changed so also has popular music changed
over time. These changes resulted from new technology which was invented between 1890 and 1900 and paved way for entry, which in turn has caused
significant structural shocks within the industry. The Sound Recording Technology invention has not only changed the way we listen, but has also
substantially reduced the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sony Corporation is a leading manufacturer of audio, video, communications, and information technology products for the consumer and professional
markets. Its motion picture, television, computer entertainment, music and online businesses make Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment
and technology companies in the world. Other media of the Sony Corporation are the motion picture houses Columbia pictures and Tri–Star pictures.
According to Andrew Herman, Sony Corporation became presence in the music record when it bought CBS in 1988. Bertelsmann is a German multi
media corporation

Napster: The Devil in Disguise
In the year of 1999 sound recordings were changed to a whole new world. Sound recordings stepped into new hands known as Napster. Napster, to
other sound recording companies, was like the devil in disguise, ruining the sound recordings profits and business. Napster started something for
consumers but soon came to an end.
What is Napster? According to SearchCIO, Napster is a controversial application that allows people to share music over the Internet without having to
purchase their own copy on CD. Not only that, Napster allowed people to download the music on to their own CD and could be played from their
own server and use chatting forums. (Rouse) Napster was created by a college dropout named Shawn Fanning and one of his friends who was only
nineteen. He became quickly popular on college campuses. Some colleges were banning Napster due to the high bandwidth demands. (Rouse) By the
year of 2000, Napster had already had over 26 million users. Basically, according to The Observer Napster was programmed to go into someone else's
music files and choose the songs they wanted and download them on to their computer, which also known as peer–to peer or file is sharing. (Lamont)
Napster may have been popular with free lancers but not with other sound recording companies. According to Implications for the Digital Music
Library, members of the music industry filed a lawsuit against Napster by accusing Napster of copyright infringement. (Crews) One of the biggest
violations that

Persuasive Essay On Body Cameras
There is an argument that police officers are getting out of hand with handling arrest. The most recent solution to the problem is having every
policeman have a body camera, in order to make the police officer feel as if their every movement is being watched. Recently, there has been
discussion if police officers using body cameras is a Liberty Issues and that it gives the police force way too much unchecked power. Some citizens
believe that body cameras leads into privacy issues (4th Amendment), violation of civil rights (1st Amendment), and may give too much power to the
government (Limited Government via James Madison).
Body cameras come in all shapes and sizes. There are many commercial businesses in the United States that already use body cameras for private
industry work. According to Jay Stanley a body camera are, "small, pager–sized cameras that clip on to an officer's uniform or sunglasses or are worn
as a headset, and record audio and video of the officer's interactions with the public" (Stanley).
There are a lot of pro and cons when looking at body cameras through a Privacy Issue lens. According to the study of PhD Barak Ariel, a professor at
Hebrew University's Institute of Criminology, "If body worn cameras become common practice, it means more electronic surveillance, more digitized
tagging of individuals, and more challenges to privacy rights" (Ariel). For most privacy issues, the 4th Amendment seems to outline to most basic
principles to privacy

The Music Of Electronic Dance Music
Tracing as far back as the 1940s when sound pioneers began their own movement known as musique concrete, sampling, evolved from simple sound
collage. Now it has evolved to the act of taking a portion of one sound recording and reusing it as an instrument or sound recording in a different
song or piece. Today it has become an integral part of many music genres today. Samples often consist of one part of another song, such as a lyric or
rhythm break, and used to create a beat for another song.
The experimental musicians did not get permission from the artists whose work they were using or from the copyright owner while they were using
them to create their own music. It began getting popular in hip–hop when it was just played in local dance parties so they were not obligated to receive
copyright clearance in order to play this music at events. As the 1970s approached, DJs were experimenting with vinyl by having two turntables and an
audio mixer going at the same time and manipulating them. Leading on into 1980s, electronic dance music was in the making and picking up on
sampling after being influenced by hip hop. It went on to spread to indie rock, contemporary R&B, and industrial music.
The digital sampler was invented after that to enable musicians to record any sound at the touch of a button, making sampling simpler. Typical sample
instruments consist of grand pianos, pipe organs, violins, cellos, wind and percussion instruments. This can include voices and non–traditional

Should The Senate Approve Bill S. 877, Police Camera Act?
Christian Benitez
Professor Russell Moses
Capstone
27 June 2015
Should the Senate approve bill S. 877, Police Camera Act?
The Obama Administration announced on December 1st of 2014 that they would provide funding for 50,000 police body cameras. Not too long after
this announcement, United States Senator Brian Schatz introduced bill number S. 877, the Police Body Camera Act. Many civil rights groups are
anticipating with excitement the approval of this bill, while other organizations are pushing for it to be rejected. These civil rights groups believe
that it will help place police accountable for their actions, create public trust and safety. On the other hand opposing groups believe it will be an
invasion of privacy, be very costly and ineffective. These conflicting ideas have posed a question: Should the United States Senate approve bill S. 877,
Police Camera Act?
One of the major social problems that the Senate hopes to deter with this new bill is the use of excessive force by police officers. The use of
excessive force by police officers is a major social problem that many Americans face, so the Senate believes that this bill can help minimize it
throughout the entire United States. (still need to develop)
Even though the Senate believes this bill will help solve the problem, it creates another major social problem, which is the high cost and maintenance
of this equipment. Many police departments have already began making estimates of how much they will be spending a

Police And Body Cameras A Need
Police and Body Cameras A Need to Heal
Terri Williams
ENG 122: English Composition II
Prof. William Barone
October 2, 2015
There are thousand among thousands of misconduct reports filed each year against the law enforcement for police officers using excessive force
complaints make up nearly one quarter (Harvard Law Review, 2010). Decision, decision, decision... when a police officer decides to gun down a
suspect during encounter or an arrest it the police officer decision. Particularly, that these deadly encounters are being video filmed by the
communities that these police officers serve. The communities has come together to protest against the excessive force that police officers are
displaying across the United States. These encounter that are being filmed by the communities are asking why are these acts continue to happen.
With the advancing of technology (cell phone with cameras) and social media being played or watch throughout the real world display an
unpredictable behavior among both police officers and the communities that they serve. These action has push Law Enforcement to consider a
solution; Body worn cameras might be part of a solution for the growing recognition that the United States real problem with police excessive force.
In August 2014 the shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri or April 12, 2015 of Freddie Gray arrest in Baltimore, Maryland or March 3,
1991 of Rodney King in Los Angeles, California; there are many more misconduct of

Why Did Napsster Use P2P Technology
The Napster web site made file swapping over the Internet available via the software necessary for the Peer–to–Peer (P2P) file transfer to work. P2P is
software that when downloaded onto someone 's computer, enables that person to access another person 's computer to find and copy certain files that
the software is designed to recognize. It was used primarily for copying MP3 files, as a result avoiding the need to actually purchase music on CD or
some other format.
The popularity of Napster happened quickly with 15 million registered users in less than one year, according to company sources. Napster had the
attention of the Record Industry Association of America (RIAA), and their concerns ofCopyright infringement. About a year after its launch, it was
sued by the RIAA, which represented major recording companies such as Universal Music, BMG, Sony Music, and Warner Music Group. They
claimed that by allowing users to swap free music recordings, Napster's service violated Copyright laws. Eventually, the judge ruled against Napster
forcing them to shut down operations and liquidate its assets [3].
Napster used P2P technology and the use of a central database that held registered users information. The database contained information on the files
they were sharing, their log in details and other information. The database made it easy for users to find and download a specific piece of music.
It was the database that caused the courts to rule against Napster, not the

Rhetorical Analysis Of The 13th
Wherever we go, whether it be the grocery store, the mall, or even the couch, people are constantly bombarded by the elements of persuasion. For
example, when buying a carton of milk, the advertisers will entice buyers with statistics and a list of healthy ingredients. Or while flipping through a
magazine at the dentist's office, marketers draw the eyes in with bright colors and bold text. These elements of persuasion, rooted both in visual and
logical appeals, can also be woven together to create an argumentative documentary. These documentaries, especially when considering controversial
issues, have the power to broadcast important social messages to the world. This ability, however, can only be unlocked when the right rhetorical
means are used to further their argument. The 13th, a documentary directed by Ava DuVernay, is a prime example of this. Released in October of
2016, this oscar–nominated film made an immediate impact due to its provoking message on the mass criminalization of African Americans in the
United States, skilfully exploring the disproportionate amount of African Americans in prison. The success of this documentary can be attributed to its
persuasive visual and audio tracks and its well timed arrival, ultimately influencing the viewer's passion to create a change in the world. To begin, the
various visual components that make up any documentary are crucial to its intrigue and its overall effectiveness. What the 13th does well is combine
the use of

The World Intellectual Property Organization Essay
Intellectual property is an asset to an individual or a business. Even though intellectual property is intangible, it is very important to protect it.
Protection of intellectual property can be one of the most important business decisions one can make.
The World Intellectual Property Organization (n.d.) states intellectual property refers to creations of the mind. This can include inventions but also
includes literary and artistic works, as well as symbols, names and images used in commerce. The World Property Organization (n.d.) categorizes
intellectual property into two categories, which are industrial property and copyright. Industrial property includes trademarks, patents for inventions,
and industrial designs and geographical indications. Copyright includes music, films, literary and artistic works (World Intellectual Property
Organization, n.d.).
The World Intellectual Property Organization (n.d.) helps one understand the importance of protecting intellectual property. They have spelled out
several reasons of this importance including inventing new works in technology and culture, which allows progress to be made that, can be utilized
worldwide. In addition, the legal protection of intellectual property encourages the commitment of additional resources for further modernization.
Finally, promoting and protecting intellectual property encourages economic growth. It creates new jobs and industries. Protecting intellectual property
also enhances the quality and

A & M Records Vs. Napster Essay
A&M Records v. Napster is a landmark case in which the application of intellectual property laws has forever impacted contemporary culture with
regards to digital works. The legal issues and applicable laws presented in the instant case resulted in a holding, which set forth a precedent that has
influence the mode and means of digital works distribution. The outcome of Napster affects both businesses and individuals. Napster, a free online file
sharing network, allowed peers to share digital files directly with each other by way of connections through its software and system. The no cost
peer–to–peer sharing gained popularity, particularly with trendy music. A&M Records took notice of the free digital music downloads and brought suit
against Napster for direct, contributory, and vicarious copyright infringements (Washington University School of Law, 2013). First, it is important to
discuss the direct, contributory and vicarious infringement claims against Napster. Direct copyright infringement claims are based on a breach of a
copyright owners' exclusive rights to the copyrighted work(s). A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc., 239 F.3d 1004, 1013 (9th Cir. 2001). Napster was
found liable for this because the users used its platform to upload and download copyrighted music, thus infringing on two exclusive rights:
reproduction and distribution. Id at 1014. Contributory copyright infringement claims are based on secondary infringers who have either actual or

Francis Ford Coppola's The Conversation
In Francis Ford Coppola's The Conversation (1974), we are introduced to a paranoid audio surveillance expert named Harry Caul (Gene Hackman).
He has been hired by the director (Robert Duvall) of an unnamed corporation, to record the latter's wife, Ann (Cindy Williams), and her lover, Mark
(Frederic Forrest), while they converse in San Francisco's Union Square. Harry tries to deliver tapes of the recordings to the Director as planned;
however, his assistant Martin Stett (Harrison Ford) attempts to intercept them, so Harry keeps the tapes. While reviewing them, he hears a line that he
missed before: "He'd kill us if he got the chance" (The Conversation). He is convinced that the Director will harm the couple. The next day, Harry
attends a national... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is a critical part of the argument that shows the beginning of Harry's obsession with blaming himself for deaths while attempting to distance
himself from the actions that caused them. While technological and psychological aspects addressed by Denzin and Albrechtslund are relevant to
studying Harry's character, their arguments for why he goes crazy are incomplete, each lacking the other. Denzin over simplifies the cause by
focusing too narrowly on the effects of technology and both critics ignore the importance of Harry's past. Combining these arguments as well as
analyzing critical elements of Harry's past will give us a better understanding of Harry. I will discuss Harry's dream, the conversation at the office
party, and the effect of the Director's death on Harry's mental state to gain a more complete study of Harry's character and why he goes

Everyone Knows By Leonard Cohen: Song Analysis
Everyone Knows is a classic song by renowned late songwriter and artist Leonard Cohen. It takes a highly cynical look at life over a fairly simple,
disco type beat that prominently features a rambling guitar that puts flair on an otherwise simple backing accompaniment. This allows the unique
vocal style and storytelling ability of Cohen to shine through as he outlines his sad outlook on life. This song has been covered hundreds of times and
each new artist has put their own distinct spin on the original piece. The most interesting covers that were provided were version #1 and version #3.
Each of these versions differ, particularly in the way they choose to interpret Cohen's lyrics and delivery, the tempo at which the different versions are...
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The original version seems to be a studio recording, because all of the elements of the instrumentation are heard very distinctly and there are
drastic differences in the volumes, with Cohen's vocals being the loudest while the backing vocals and accompaniment seems to be quieter and
more distant. There is also some added reverb to Cohen's vocals that give them more depth and a foreboding feel that enhances the gravel in his
voice. The first version seems to be a live recording because there is no reverb at all and the instrumentation seems to blend together more which
are telltale signs of a live performance. Though, it does seem to be a high quality recording because you can clearly hear the vocals, you can also
tell it is live because the audio of the guitar solo is disproportionately loud to the rest of the song, giving it that human error element present in a
live recording. The third version also seems to be a live recording for very similar reasons to the first version. There is no reverb and the elements of
the instrumentation are more blended together, namely the difference between the fiddle and the percussion seems very blended, where in a proper
studio recording you'd be able to hear them more distinctly. Both of these covers were most likely recorded in a very small, almost studio type setting,
such as a radio station performance or youtube cover video, because there is

How Has the Internet Changed the Music and Movie Industries
Music and motion pictures, two of the most popular forms of entertainment today, can easily be traced back hundreds of years ago. Yet a relatively
newer form of entertainment (and information) has impacted those long–established industries in as little as a few years: the internet. Recorded music,
technically speaking, can be traced back to April 9th, 1860 with "Au Clair de la Lune" by Г‰douard–LГ©on Scott de Martinville . Though music
existed long before this date, it marks the first time music was successfully recorded. "Movies" (rather, plays) as well were a long–enjoyed form of
entertainment at the time, and only 28 years later in 1888, "Roundhay Garden Scene" by Louis Le Prince was filmed . Though music and movies have
obviously... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sony had the right idea: Betamax had a better picture quality than VHS, smaller tapes, and stronger durability. Ultimately however, it is Sony's
arrogance that solidified Betamax's future of being synonymous with failure and unsupported technology in comedy and pop culture. Sony decided not
to license out the technology of Betamax players, meaning only Sony could produce the players themselves in an attempt for more revenue. JVC (the
inventor of VHS) on the contrary, decided to license the technology to any company that wanted to manufacture the players. The result is predictable:
JVC permitting "competing" companies to manufacture VCRs resulted in more choices and lower prices for consumers, making VHS the leading
format for home movie viewing. Both the music and movie industries now had strong, proven, and popular media formats they could sell to
consumers. The music and movie industry stayed fairly steady for a long period thereafter. Music was as popular as ever, with multi–platinum selling
CDs not being uncommon. Movie companies enjoyed increased revenue by releasing their films on the VHS format after their theatrical release ran its
course, and music companies were able to release

Graphophone History
Introduction
One of the utmost gratifying aspects of collecting vinyl is building an extensive collection of records from distinct era's and decades. As you read
through the history of vinyl you will be presented with insight magnifying your ability to identify and understand information with regards to vinyl
pressings from as early as the 1900s. This chapter not only riffles through a variety of record facts that will bring the newbie record collector up to
speed, but also contains intriguing knowledge and stories even the fanatical record collectors are expectedly unaware of. You will undoubtedly at some
point put this book down and head online or out to the record shop to locate obscure and noteworthy finds.
Collecting vinyl requires a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the 1988 McDonald's held a Flexi Disc contest that gave 1 lucky winner a million dollars! Chances of winning were only 1 in 80,000,000 but this
campaign drew momentary attention. Flexi–discs were also common additions to cereal boxes. Kids could cut out an Archie Comic on the back of their
Super Sugar Crisps or a Kiss Flexi with their "Kiss Krunch" cereal. Regardless of the fact that Flexi–Disc releases can be designed for fun and creative
purposes, they are easily worn out, warp and bend and are therefore were not in reality favored.
Unusual, Obscure and Creative Records Over the years, an abundance of obscure and unique records have been pressed using strange color
combinations and unexpected materials. Here are a few memorable pressings.
X–ray Records
During the 1950s in the Soviet Union x–rays were brought about to duplicate banned music. Using X–rays discarded from hospitals, a bootlegger
would cut them into circles, create a hole in the center by burning the x–ray with a cigarette, and imprint music onto them. X–ray records are an item
that is hunted for and collected by particular vinyl

MGM Studios, Inc. V. Grokster Case
For many years illegal file sharing and music swapping has been going on. Two very popular cases are the MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster case and
the A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster case. Both cases differ in many ways however they also have similarities. A lot of music and other sorts of
entertainment are being distributed for free all over the internet. What some people do not think of are the consequences that will be faced if they get
caught. Not only is the distributor at risk for getting caught but those of us that download the software illegally can be charged. Both Grokster and
Napster "distributed free software that allowed computer users to share electronic files through peer–to–peer networks" (Oyez). In the Napster case
"The recording association asserts Napster is guilty of contributory copyright infringement" (The Guardian). According to Slate "Grokster is, of
course, the sequel to Napster". Mindsets were very similar in certain aspects. Grokster and Napster both thought they weren't breaking any laws due to
Acts and finding ways to cheat the system. Even though either one won in court, both played a major role in leaving a footprint when it comes to
violating copyright laws. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most people in Shawn's shoes would more than likely continue to do what he was doing. At the age of 19 he was making so much money and he
did not think he was committing a crime. "...Napster claims that the online trading of MP3 music files falls within the parameters of the 1992 Audio
Home Recording Act which permits copying music for personal use" (The guardian). Grokster also claimed that copyright laws were not broken.
However instead of going off of the 1992 Audio Home Recording Act, Grokster did not have files passed through their computers. Other computers
were used as "root super nodes" that acted as music hubs for their

Advantages Of Audio Aided Reading Method
Audio–Aided Reading Method as Instructional ScaffoldAudio–aided reading method has been used as an effective instructional intervention for
students with learning disabilities and with struggling readers. According to Evans (2010) instructional scaffolding is an instructional method that has
been proven to be successful with students with learning disabilities and poor performing readers.
Evans (2010) provided an overview of Audio–Assisted Reading in which a student who has difficulty reading print listens to an audio book, while
following along in regular print, large print, video–magnified print, or Braille. This technique often helps to increase comprehension for those who
struggle to decode. It also helps to reinforce the relationship between symbols and sounds, whether in print or Braille. Evans notes that this "method
allows the reader to use all multiple sensory inputs simultaneously to acquire and process information. It has some distinct advantages over using either
print, Braille, or recorded books alone."
Evans further explain, it has some distinct advantages such as: 1) Simultaneous use helps those with attention problems screen out competing stimuli.
Some people who use recordings alone, such as audio books, are distracted by visual stimuli in the environment. Similarly, some who use print or
Braille alone are distracted by extraneous sound. Use of headphones can boost attention; 2) If print or Braille decoding is slow and labored, it
consumes all the energy needed for comprehension. By the time one gets to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The method was developed as a result of research on the increase of reading fluency rates when students read along while listening to an adult reader
in a process termed the Neurological Impress Method. Later, the concept of reading along with a fluent model was extended to partnering dysfluent
readers with fluent

Arguement Of Napster
The RIAA evidently disagreed with the 20 year old due to the filed case, however Napster did have one substantial legal advantage. Because
Napster's system only hosted file names from millions of users from all over the world, Napster could not be held liable under the DMCA. According
to the DMCA, it is illegal to directly share and download copyright music; Napster was simply a distribution channel. In terms of legality, the user is
liable for illegally sharing music, but it is nearly impossible to apprehend these individuals because there are so many of them.
The lack of professionalism and experience was evident with Napster and inevitably lead to their dissolvement. Their attempts at going head–to–head
with the established recording

Criminal Copyright And Intellectual Property Laws
Criminal copyright infringement can come in many forms. Anything that has been created by one's mind can technically be considered intellectual
property. While the initial idea itself is not something that can be protected by copyright law, patents and actual plans from ideas can be. Many
copyright cases are of a civil nature. This occurs when a person or organization feels their intellectual property has been used without their consent and
want either compensation or for the accused party to cease use of the material.
While civil cases aim to make the offended party whole criminal cases are intended to penalize those who break the law. Throughout time criminal
copyright legislation and penalties have changed. This is partially due to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There seems to be no solid explanation of why this is. The No Electronic Theft Act, Digital Millennium Copyright Act, and Digital Theft Deterrence
and Copyright Damages Improvement Act of 1999 are all aimed at "decreasing the threshold for what counts as criminal infringement" and "increasing
penalties" for criminal copyright infringement (Masnick, 2012). Mike Masnick wrote his article in 2012 and the last law listed was enacted in 2008.
Since this time there have been even more shifts in how copyrights are infringed upon.
International Copyright Law When it comes to international copyright law things can get quite complicated. To put things in the simplest possible
terms, there is no one set of laws that govern all intellectual property disputes around the world. Different countries have different rules on copyrights
and there are also different rules and levels of enforcement. There is however some common ground among countries in the realm of intellectual
property. This common ground comes in the form of treaties. These treaties between territories help with both the protection of intellectual property
and enforcement against those who infringe upon copyrights. Copyright.gov, the United States governments official website for information on
copyright law list two treaties as being principal in governing international

Comparative Analysis of Two Producers Essay
BAP210.1 Report Comparative Analysis of Two Producers Rochelle Heffernan (104371)
The following report introduces two producers I draw inspiration from, and am influenced by; Rick Rubin and Ken Scott. Firstly to critically analyze
their bodies of work we must first understand the role of a producer and what classifies an individual as a producer or engineer. A producer must be
able to oversee and effectively manage the recording, they must be able to understand the bands vision, they must have an overall goal as to what they
wish to produce with the band, they must be creatively innovative and true to the bands and their own style, they must effectively portray the story ...
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I'm just a fan and I know what sounds good, I know what I like." (2008) As a future engineer I found it befalling to discover that Rubin had little to
no musical theory knowledge or any musical or engineering knowledge what so ever. So what is it that makes this man so success? Why can he of
all people draw great performances from his clients? What makes Rick Rubin a Grammy winning engineer, an influential musical man? Producing
such a diverse selection of musicians, Rubin is a listener before he is an engineer; refusing to work in an office setup he uses his historical L.A home
to meet with musicians. Rubin believes that music isn't made behind a work desk or over the phone; music must first be experienced before it is
produced. It can therefore be assumed that Rubin's successful career is due to underlining appreciation for the music he is producing. He doesn't know
much about music, but he knows what works and this pro–found style of engineering through listening rather than through use of techniques has built
an almost instantly recognizable personal style that can be heard on each record he has worked on. (http://rfrost.people.si.umich.edu/courses/SI110
/readings/InfoEcon/Rick_Rubin_Music_Biz.pdf) In order to define Rubin as a creative force within the music industry Blood Sugar Sex Magik by The
Red Hot Chili Peppers will be used as an example. Rick Rubin is given credit for being a master at encouraging

Mp3
The research compiled here will attempt primarily to answer the following questions for the layman: "What is digital music distribution and why is it
significant?" "Who are the stakeholders in digital music distribution?" and "What are the primary drivers of the imminent changes in the music industry
?" Formal reference material on this subject is in short supply. As a result, opinions, facts, and statements made by stakeholders and industry observers
have been gathered from various articles published both in print and on the Internet will be quoted as sources.
What 's at Stake?
Traditionally, music has been recorded to physical media, like CD or cassette now or like vinyl in the past, and distributed to music consumers through
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The encoding and decoding utilities are commonly known as "rippers" and "players". You "rip" tracks from pre–recorded CDs and translate them into
the MP3 file format by using an encoding utility. The resulting MP3 files can be "played" with an MP3 decoding utility.
Diamond Multimedia v. RIAA
The MP3 digital music format was developed in an open, non–proprietary environment an international standard, really as a basis for the development
of storing and playing audio and audio in conjunction with video. It could easily be compared to the Internet–enabling Transmission Control Protocol
/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) by its intent. These technologies, as well as others, grow out of cooperation among stakeholders for the purpose of
elevating a technological field. As such, it offers no inherent protections, such as protections against the duplication of copyrighted material. MP3 's
open nature has attracted it a large and growing audience among music lovers. Individual and small–time developers using the standards to create
freeware or shareware "rippers" and "players" enabled the availability and increasing demand for music in the MP3 format. These utilities and music
files ' easy accessibility to audiophiles and the growing word–of–mouth on the Internet have contributed to a growing commercial market. Among the
products that attempt to satisfy the increasing consumer demand for access to digital music is the portable MP3 player. In the fall of 1998, Diamond
Multimedia

Example Of Netflix 4k Movies
Netflix 4K Movies
Does Netflix have 4K movies?
Netflix is one of the entertainment companies providing the best products in the market. In this era of ever–changing technology and customer
demands, the products are presented in the best manner possible. To enhance customer satisfaction, Netflix provides movies shot in 4K. You can
access a variety of 4K movies any time by streaming on Netflix. In this article we will show you how you can download Netflix 4K movies with a
Netflix downloader known as iTube Studio. iTube studio, the Best Netflix 4k Movie Downloader
A good avenue to access Netflix movies is iTube Studio. iTube Studio gives provides an easy way in which one can download and watch 4k Netflix
movies. It is a software that allows one ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
10 latest popular 4k movies on Netflix
Here are some of the movies presented to you by Netflix
13 reasons why
This is an American drama mystery based on the 2007 novel "Thirteen Reasons why" by Jay Asher. Gregg Araki et al directed it. The series follows a
teenager Clay Jensen who seeks to understand his classmate and female friend who chose to commit suicide.
3%
This is a thriller directed by Aishwarya R. Dhanush describing a world divided between destruction and progress. People are accorded a chance to
make it to the better side, but only 3% of those who try that make it.
Black Mirror
This is a television anthology series describing the dark side of life and technology in modern societies. Charlie Brooker directed it.
They first killed my father
Meet 5–year–old Young Ung who is trained as a soldier in the era when the Khmer Rouge assumed power over Cambodia in 1975. A reign of terror
and genocide starts and about 2 million Cambodians are killed. Ung is forced out of her ancestral home to train as a soldier while her siblings are
taken as laborers.
This movie is adapted from "First They Killed My Father" and is directed by Angelina Jolie.
Stranger

Qualitative Research Through Case Studies By Max Travers
The work Qualitative Research through Case Studies by Max Travers is a good example on different methods for qualitative researchers and
enlightens about their issues (Travers 2004: 2). He brings the case study of visiting a law court. Amongst others, he writes about 'observation'. He
claims that this method takes in a big amount of time. But I find that slightly paradoxal and I guess it depends of the context and of how fast the
researcher works. First I thought about doing observation but after all, I dropped that idea because I doubted that it will be feasible. Moreover,
'interviews' are described as a very good way to find out more, when researching about a topic with a divergence in opinions. . I can imagine that I will
be confronted with varying perspectives in my study.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His paper also shows some purposes of doing qualitative research. I will do research, since I would really like to look deeper into how people think of
English as the lingua franca. It is a topic that really interests me and I will also learn a lot while researching. As a method, I will use interviews in
order to obtain my

Ckc Case Write-Up
C.K. Claridge, Inc. Case What are the interests of the various players in the Varacil market? вЂЁ * CKC: Obtain the least costly ending for the lawsuit,
considering the future effects of the outcome with respect to market share and future profits. * Tolemite: Obtain a payment of all past and future
liabilities at the highest royalty possible, or the highest payment. * BARD: They would benefit from two situations: 1.CKC wining the trial, as they
would not have to pay royalties anymore, which could decrease CKC's cost competitive advantage if BARD decides to lower the price of the product.
Thus they can become more competitive and may increase their market share this way. 2. CKC having to pay a royalty of 4% or ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
What negotiation strategy would you like to pursue if you put yourself in any one of these three main players, i.e., CKC, Tolemite, or BARD? вЂЁ
The Collaboration strategy if I were CKC. We would both win if a 3–4% would be the rate established. We win because we would not have to keep
paying for the trail matters, and our time will be better allocated once its over, which could be in a few months if we agree on a rate, or years if we
go to trial. The other company will still be earning a high percentage from the sales, and if sales increase, they will earn a higher amount as well.
Additionally, they will keep having their patent, thus receiving royalties from BARD. As for us, in terms of competitive advantage, the result will be
the same if we go to trial or not. The difference lies in the time and money that will not be used for this and can be used for something else (in addition
to paying the

Advantages Of Ipod
The huge popularity of the iPod has given rise to the emergence of iPod accessories industries which offer a wide range of speakers help to turn your
iPod into a fantastic boom–box. With the blessing of the advance communication networks, we have entered the world of iPod with its flexible, hi–tech,
innovative digital music system ever designed to deliver music in ways that we never done before. Indeed, the audio designs give us the room–filling
'thump' that made our favorite music available anytime and anywhere. So, now we can set our music free!
Anyone who has attempted to wade through the multimedia of iPod speakers on the market knows that the options are difficult to distinguish. The
speaker system today, in the context of the more competitive that has emerged since then. The outward appearance of the speaker system remains
reasonably attractive, innovative and impressive with their elegant and superb designs to ensure its pleased and satisfying quality and features in order
to match its price tag.
GriffinEvolve
GriffinEvolve is a type of iPodDock sound system ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It comes in different color options to suit your needs, equipping with a couple of satellite speakers that flank a 55–watt per channel amplifier, 8 ohms
of impedance, 3" aluminum cone woofer, 1" titanium done tweeter, 100–20Khz frequency response to better deliver your songs that you want to crank
it up or sing along. This gizmo will certainly add up unprecedented surprise particularly in enhancing the sound performance of the PC or
online–games. This truly high–fidelity playback allow you either to connect the speakers and 55–watt–per–channel amplifier to your iPod dock, or
connect the compact Audio bytes to your PC for you to enjoy your favorite tunes and music while your iPod

File Sharing : Copyright For Information Professionals
Kristen Hanmer
IST735: Copyright for Information Professionals
Professor Jill Hurst–Wahl
Assignment 3
9 November 2014
File sharing is a widely–used process that allows users to download and upload different types of files and share them with other users either over the
internet or on a specific network. Almost as soon as file sharing was introduced and gained popularity with the public it began to raise questions
regarding copyright infringement, and the first major lawsuit to deal with file sharing quickly followed. Although that case was decided almost 15
years ago, file sharing continues to remain popular and also continues to raise questions about copyright and intellectual property.
In 1999 a 19–year–old college student co–founded a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, regarding music, copyright law allows a consumer to listen to a CD and even lend the original material to a friend. The matter of
copyright infringement begins to come into play if the user decides to make a copy of the item or give a copy to a friend without permission, which
is exactly what file sharing does. At the time file sharing was relatively new and many users were not familiar with how copyright was involved.
Most people assumed since they paid for and owned physical copies of CDs they should also be allowed to copy that CD into their computer's
memory and share the electronic copy.
The amount of file sharing that was taking place soon caught the attention of musicians and record companies who were afraid widespread
distribution of the material would lead to huge monetary losses for the recording industry. Some artists were even experiencing "leaked material,"
or material being uploaded and shared with others before it was even released publicly. The popular heavy metal band Metallica discovered one of
their singles was circulating widely on Napster before being officially released, and even ended up playing on some radio stations. This caught the
attention of the band and they soon realized their entire music catalogue was available for free on Napster and decided to file a lawsuit (Doan). Hip
hop artist Dr. Dre also filed a lawsuit against

Essay On Becoming A Recording Engineer
George Martin was the Beatles' recording engineer during their 8 year career. George was the man who gave life to much of the beatles' music.
He recorded them, mixed them, and mastered them. He floated his own ideas into the music while simultaneously keeping it theirs. He is often
considered the "fifth beatle" due to his role in their music, as he rightly should. The career of a recording engineer is one where a person can be
creative and exercise his passion for music. In the Recording Engineers line of work, there are two forms of employment. You can either work in a
large studio or work out of your home. Working in a Studio has its pros as well as its cons just like working at home does. A studio job will mean you
will have more work than your self–employed counterpart and more Engineers to work with. This is due to the fact that if the studio you are working
for is a reputable studio, then you will receive the fruits of said reputation. Though, Working in a studio means you will work fulltime, or in some cases
overtime, to meet a deadline. Most will also work on holidays and weekends for the same reason. A self–employed Engineer will often set his own
hours, but work less frequently. When they work, it is most often out of their own home studio. This is why most self–employed engineers ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The average salary is $56,000 a year, or $27 an hour(How). The lowest 10 percent earned less than $20,940 annually, while the highest 10 percent
earned more than $83,120 a year(Summary). The industry is expected to grow by about 9% over the next decade with about 117,200 jobs(Summary).
More important than numbers, though, is the prospect of an ever changing music industry. As previously mentioned, if you work in a studio, you will
be able to work with other brilliant engineers. You will also get to work with some brilliant artists as well as some of the newest technology in the

The Legal Liability Of Apple 's Itunes
Introduction
Fish Bone Diagram – Intellectual Property
COPY RIGHTS "Applies Liability to Copyright Infringement with the invention of iTunes and iPod"
Protection of intellectual property (IP) is devised into four parts: copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and patents. Even though all four parts share a
common goal, each follow its own special sets of rules and requirements. The part of this paper, specifically concentrated on the copyrights
infringement. Although copyright infringement Acts are established and strictly enforced by the federal government, many companies still figure out
a way to go around them. One of the biggest controversies of the 21st century is discussed in a case study in this paper "The Copyright Crusher: How
Apple's iTunes is a vehicle designed for copyright infringement and Apple's legal liability from its creation". [2] The paper describes the fundamental
issues of copyright protections, the way iTunes enable the infringement of the rights, and the legal liability of Apple. The paper explicitly focuses on:
Direct infringement:
Violation of at least one exclusive right granted to copyright holder.
The derivation of the original work.
How the creation of iTunes and its operation infringe on rights protected by the Copyright Act.
Potential defenses.
Potential liability from the creation of iTunes.
Copyright protects almost all works of creative expression "fixed in a tangible medium of expression" but it

George Washington Copyright Facts
Chronology[1]
July 31 2001 Samuel Hopkins was issued the first patent. His patent was for the process of making potash, which is used in most fertilizer. George
Washington was the one who signed the patent.[2]
Feb. 1831 the Copyright Act was the first revision to the United States copyright law. The additions to the act included the following; extended the
copyright term from 14 to 28 years, added musical compositions to list of protected works, extended the statute of limitations, and changed the
copyright formality requirements.[3]
1909 The copyright act of 1909 was a huge milestone for United States copyright law. This act allows for work of many kinds to be copyrighted for a
period of twenty–eight years after the publication, this could still be renewed for a second term if ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was meant to bring all the nations together when needed to work together on specific projects and problems.[6]
1976 The United States Copyright Act was revised from the prior act. In short terms this new revision states the basis of the Copyright Law, and
changed the doctrine of "fair use", and copyrights adopted post author/creators death.[7]
Jul 1979 The United States and the People's Republic of China established trade relations, marking the beginning of a new manufacturing era.[8]
1987 Supreme Court ruled in 1987 that neither the New Columbia Encyclopedia home use of Television video recorders or manufacturer violated
copyright laws.
1992 Audio home recording act of 1992 was an amendment of the United States copyright law. The act allowed the release of recordable things such as
Sony and Philips Digital Audio Tape without fear of infringement

Examples Of Surveillance In George Orwell's '1984'
Surveillance in George Orwell's 1984 is extreme, but there are some very real parallels to today's life. Telescreens and hidden microphones are just a
couple of examples of 1984's controlling technology. The ideas depicted by author George Orwell's dystopian society are becoming more real every
day. Telescreens were literally and thematically the biggest piece ofsurveillance technology in 1984. They were large screens that took in as much
information as they put out. They were massive and could look over an entire room. A telescreen could record video of a person and also record sound,
transmitting the recordings presumably to thought police to be monitored. They could hear anything above a soft whisper and they could see anything in

Essay On Copyright Breach
Giving out the identity of a person accused of a crime, whether they are guilty or not is a breach of the Harmful communications act. By posting the
identity of the person you are liable what happens to them as they are now at risk, and you are breaching the privacy laws because you gave out
personal information. The name, photograph, phone number, car registration details and home address of a man accused of theft were posted on a
Facebook group with tens of thousands of members recently. This was a serious breach of the harmful communications act. If any of the members of
that group decide to take matters into their own hands to stop the theft, that has not been proven guilty, the person who posted all of their personal
information would... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The copyright for communication works lasts 50 years from the end of the year that it was first communicated to the public. Copyright in a
repeated communication work expires at the same time as copyright in the initial communication work expires. A publisher's copyright in the art
and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable, and appealing when displayed lasts for 25 years from the end of the
calendar year in which the work was first published. The copyright tribunal handles disputes about copyright licences allowing the copying,
performing and broadcasting. Copyright Administration is done by copyright owners themselves or by societies which provide copyright licensing
services. Copyright protection automatically comes into when work is turned into a manuscript, video, audio or recording. Copyright work created
in other countries are protected in New Zealand by the Copyright Act. This applies to other countries to if they are part of the international
agreement they must protect work originating from New Zealand is if it was there own. Sky TV lost its court order against Fairfax media for its use
of their Olympic Games footage. It was ruled that Fairfax were within it's rights to use the footage of the Olympic games. By using the Footage Fairfax
was not breaching any copyright

Should Police Officers Wear Cameras? Essay
Historically speaking, authorities of the law were never in a position where their professional duties and their character as a public servant of the law
were demeaned in a way that there needs to be constant surveillance of them and the people whom they come into contact with. There was never a
need of documenting every encounter you had with a civilian before. In this day in age, things have certainly changed, and the past has always been
something society likes to change and make better even if it raises concerns. Due to all the violent police stories that has surfaced in the past decade,
the idea of having police officers wear video cameras as a part of their uniform while on duty has resulted in a radically divergent account of
society's future. The law may uphold cops to wear cameras while working, but is this really the best decision? This topic is very controversial and
may create issues with cops and the civilians they try and protect in the future. Cop cams are small, pager–sized cameras that clip on to an officer 's
uniform or are worn as a headset, and record audio and video of the officer 's interactions with the public (Lenese 126). The idea of these body–worn
cameras is that they are to record all activity an officer should partake in for the duration of their shift. That means even when they are in the station
doing paperwork or even in the patrol car getting to know your partner. If the cameras do not record continuously, officers could control them at

How Has Technology Influenced The Music Industry
How Technological Advances Influenced the Music Industry
Taking a look back into at the history of America can make one realize just how privileged society is today. Not long ago, people did not have the
luxury of technology. Technology has greatly influenced the way people learn, communicate, and act, but people are not the only thing that technology
has had an effect on. Throughout American history there have been many technological advancements that influenced the making, recording, and
mobilization of music.
In today's world people listen to music daily, but no one stops to think about how today's music came to be. From the early 1900s to today the idea
of music has been evolving to fit the technology we have. Before the popularity of music spread, people had to physically play, or go and find a live
music source. There was no ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Before music was able to be made, people had to watch live music and go to live shows. Then, phonographs, more commonly known as record
players, were created in 1877 by Thomas Edison, which allowed people to listen to music at their house (Wilkinson 14–15). Records were created by
vibrations hitting a receiver, a cylinder wrapped in tin foil and a thin membrane, or diaphragm, all attached to a needle. Sound waves would cause
vibrations on the needle, therefore sketching the waves into the record. When the record was plugged in and the needle ran back over the waves it
would repeat the sounds that created the initial vibrations (Wilkinson 15). Records were only the beginning of take home music. Soon, technology
allowed different machines to pick up radio waves and play audio live as it was happening. Less than twenty years after the phonographs was made, in
instrument know as the radio was made. The first productions of radios were for military purposes in

What Are The Pros And Cons Of Police Body-Worn Video Cameras?
Once the Project of Police body–worn video camera is successfully rollout, the potential business impact and benefit is enormous, especially in this
generation of law enforcement agencies and general public interaction which is scrutinized quite often. Both the police department and general public
are the main stakeholders here. These BWV devices have the potential to enhance public safety and elevate relations between police and public by
minimizing misconduct, facilitating the resolution of incidents that arise. For the District government, it is also advantageous to enhance public
confidence in the criminal justice system, thereby reducing the city's exposure to civil liability (Kurt Vorndran, Chief Patrick et al. 2014). The main
points ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Results from the several UK studies also support this claim. The study shows that 70–80% of the cases are less likely to go to the trial and helped
officers to arrest and prosecute the guilty party on the basis of hard evidence provide by body–worn cameras. The result for the Mess officer survey
also support the UK Home Office data, showing that 80% officers believe that the cameras will improve evidence quality and 76% believed that video
evidence help to facilitate prosecution of domestic violence cases too (Michael D. White

A & M Records Vs. Napster
A&M Records v. Napster is a landmark case in which the application of intellectual property laws has forever impacted contemporary culture with
regards to digital works. The legal issues and applicable laws presented in the instant case resulted in a holding, which set forth a precedent that has
influence the mode and means of digital works distribution. The outcome of Napster affects both businesses and individuals. Napster, a free online file
sharing network, allowed peers to share digital files directly with each other by way of connections through its software and system. The no cost
peer–to–peer sharing gained popularity, particularly with trendy music. A&M Records took notice of the free digital music downloads and brought suit
against Napster for direct, contributory, and vicarious copyright infringements (Washington University School of Law, 2013). First, it is important to
discuss the direct, contributory and vicarious infringement claims against Napster. Direct copyright infringement claims are based on a breach of a
copyright owners' exclusive rights to the copyrighted work(s). A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc., 239 F.3d 1004, 1013 (9th Cir. 2001). Napster was
found liable for this because the users used its platform to upload and download copyrighted music, thus infringing on two exclusive rights:
reproduction and distribution. Id at 1014. Contributory copyright infringement claims are based on secondary infringers who have either actual or

File Sharing and Online Piracy: How Does it Effect...
As you upload the most recent (and most spectacular) new Lady Gaga album Art Pop into your ITunes Library, you scale back and take a long look
at your devoted collection. You've collected nearly 2000 songs, 150 movies, and 200 books. From the Beatles to Deadmau3, Miley Cyrus to Nirvana,
you have every type of music you could possibly imagine. Worst of all, you don't even listen to a tenth of it! You've collected all this media for an
outrageous price too: Absolutely Nothing. After 2 and half years of constantfile sharing through Limewire, Frostwire, and Vuze, You've easily
transcended beyond a four or five thousand dollar threshold of Pirated Media. In the end though, your actions do come with a cost. When the federal
government discovers ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It can be argued that the music industry has expanded into countless genres, artists and record labels over the years since 2000 to become bigger
than it has ever been. So where have all the sales gone? It's more than evident that file sharing has become much more attractive to music fans than it
once was. People haven't lost their interest in music, but have instead found new ways of obtaining it. These File sharing software such as Azuerus
give the everyday computer the ability to obtain any files it's user would like with a good internet connection and a couple clicks of a mouse. In
short, people no longer need to pay for any music that they would like to own. Rojas, Fabio. The history of recording industry sales, 1973–2010. 2011.
The History of Recording Industry Sales, 1973–2010, United States of America. http://orgtheory.wordpress.com/2011/07/13
/the–history–of–recording–industry–sales–1973–2010/. Web. 3 Apr. 2014. Peer–to–Peer file sharing is a more unorthodox way of obtaining files
because instead of going through a web browser to get files, computer users use software such as Limewire and Vuze to access the files on other user's
computers. These file sharing software find as many computers as they can with the files that they are looking for, divide up the information necessary
among the computers, and download a fraction of information from each computer. Each computer is given the title "peer" if it is utilized in the

The Controversy Of Covering IR (SCR)

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