The Right to the City Through Public Transportation in Astoria, Queens

The Importance Of Practicing The Right To The City
Practicing the Right to the City
Throughout the years, neighborhoods have developed in many different ways. One major change
can be seen by looking at the people residing in an area. Another way is by looking at the mode of
transportation used by people living in the neighborhood. In this paper, I will be critically analyzing
the neighborhood of Astoria, Queens in order to prove whether or not the people's rights to the city
is justified by city developments.
Astoria, formerly known as "Hallett's Cove", is a culturally diverse neighborhood located in the
northwestern part of Queens, New York. People often visit Astoria for its tourist attractions such as
The Museum of the Moving Image, Socrates Sculpture Park, and Astoria Park. After ... Show more
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Census Bureau, ACS 2015). In 2010, it was reported that 64.5%, or 2, 195 people, of the population
of Astoria relied on public transportation. This dependence on the MTA increased in 2015 as 76.2%
of the total population reported that they used public transportation as their main mean of
transportation to work (U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 2015). This shows that people from these areas
spend more time travelling than the average commute time reported. Such information is crucial as
it allows people to see the importance of public transportation to different populations, but more
specifically, to those in living in Astoria, Queens.
Despite the mass utilization of the MTA Subway in New York, it appears that not everyone can be
fully accommodated by it. During the Community Board meeting 1 (Astoria, Queens), an issue
emerged as the discussion of MTA Transit Enhanced Station Initiative was brought up. This will
primarily affect the MTA line in Astoria. DePalma talked about the government mandated
enhancement of train stations in Astoria. This project began in April 2017 and hopefully will be
done by March 2019. There will be new entrances, staircases, improved mezzanine platforms,
digital screens and LED lighting in all the newly renovated stations. Both sides of 30th Avenue and
36th Avenue stations will be closed until June 2018 due to construction. Some questions that were
raised during this presentation came from Daniel Aliberti, the chairperson of Access and
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Sources of Air Pollution in Sidney
Motor vehicle emissions remain the highest source of air pollution in Australian major cities with
Sydney holding the record for the worst air quality in Australia. Although Sydney has comparatively
better levels of air quality compared to other major cities in the world, air pollution is still a major
environmental and health issue. The NSW Department of Environment and Climate Change have
put the cost of this issue to human health at more than $4.7 billion each year in the greater
metropolitan area. Health experts have also estimated that air pollution cause up to 1400 deaths per
year in Sydney alone, and up to 2000 hospital admissions for respiratory and cardiovascular
illnesses. In a 2004 statement by the CSIRO, the mortality rate due to air pollution in Australia
(approximately 2,400 deaths each year at the time) was higher than the road toll (approximately
1,700 deaths each year at the time), and these estimates have only risen in recent years as medical
science gains a better understanding of the link between air pollution, health problems, and the
significant cost to our economy. The cause of this pollution can be put down to Sydney's ever–
growing vehicle numbers. According to the NSW Government's 2009 State of The Environment
Report, vehicle ownership growth now outstrips the population growth as each household is now
estimated to own 1.49 cars and take 16.3 million car trips totalling 132 million kilometres daily.
Hence a combination of both economic incentives and

Travel Writing Style Essay
1
Successful storytelling can feature a myriad of techniques. Instead of spreading the focus onto a
large field of topics, it would be more effective to focus on just a few. They could include writing
authentically and theme in relation to the writing genre.
Firstly, the author would need experience and research in the subjects within the story. This could
mean accurate historical data, or small details seemingly irreverent to the reader. Authenticity on
every level lays a solid foundation for the writer to build upon. This promotes consistency and
provides the writer with supporting details to develop the narrative in a manner they choose. To
develop authenticity, it would require firsthand experience or accounts of events not just within ...
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After drafting a few times, it has become a reflective experience. At first it was meant to be a small
commentary about my positive experience with the Sydney public transport system. To then
compare its effectiveness within the CBD, and outer suburbs. A comparison of something more
automated verses human controlled. The loneliness of using outer suburb train travel, and the
compassion of a late bus driver. Now, those topics are probably going to be in the background.
The characters are myself and three other friends. The additional characters are Marcus, Jones and
Janice. For privacy reasons, I have omitted names of people and locations. Rather to use aliases and
names describing locations in enough detail to portray their locations. Marcus is the streetwise
character. Experienced in what most would not want experience in. Jones a normal guy who would
seem not that smart, it would be easily to argue otherwise. Janice is a friend of a friend of Jones. I
barely knew them, other than we both shared similar experiences with alcohol.
The settings are determined by the journey of the story. They include the ride to the airport, a
cemetery and a couple of public transport stations. The story starts from the drive to the airport.
Afterwards, the story progresses quickly through interesting and uneventful events.
3
Untitled. Opening:
Cold. Dreary and early. A small car for tall people. The start of a journey with a couple best mates
for a small holiday. A holiday in

Should Public Transportation Be Free?
In today's modern society where people live more in the urban cities than the rural areas each day
traffic increases. And the government made a way for which people can go to work from home and
back so that less people drive is public transportation. And it has always been discussed whether
public transportation should be free or not. According to Joe Pinsker from the Atlantic making
public transportation free will only attract the wrong crowd. For example kids and young people
with culture of vandalism. Instead public transportation should focus on the wealthier people
because they are the ones that work and need to drive ("Why Can't Public Transit Be Free?" Joe
Pinsker). On the other hand what I believe will happen is that traffic will actually reduce on the
roads and people will actually start using public transportation. So, the public pays taxes for public
transportation but they also pay for it when they ride it which is not fair. Also making public
transportation free will only benefit the city by many means. There will be great effect to the nation
and society if public transportation is made free. This is on the grounds that many individuals will
be urged in going to utilize them. This paper will show why there are more points of interest for
making the public transportation free and why there will be fewer inconveniences. If public
transport is offered by the government with no cost people will abuse it. Individuals won't regard it
and a large portion of them

Public Transport Systems Of The Uk
Currently there are already a few alternatives to cars available to a large amount of people, the most
prevalent of these being public transport systems which count towards about 16% of commuters as
their usual method of transport in the UK[6]. In the future we will probably see more alternatives
such as driver–less cars, notably one being developed by google, and some even speculate as to
more science fiction like modes of transportation e.g. "According to Shaw, in the future everyone
will use telekinetically controlled hover–boards" [1]. The question is somewhat speculative at best
as there are too many factors currently involved as to the requirement of cars both now and in the
future.
One of the most compelling arguments against needing to know how to drive is the driver–less car
which have had reasonable success under the development of Google, which by 2012 "completed
more than 300,000 miles of testing. [...] and there hasn't been a single accident under computer
control." [2]. This was achieved about 2 years after the project was first publicly announced and
aimed to "fundamentally change the use of cars"[3]. The concept itself has a lot of merit as it would
give those previously unable to drive, such as those who are blind or otherwise disabled, means to
more independently get around. A good example of how a driver–less car would be was seen in the
film adaptation of Isaac Asimov 's I, Robot, in which all cars where computer driven but also gave
the driver an option

Public Transport Advantages
Public transport is always quite low on government priorities. Now the roads are filled and public
transport in the GTA has reached its prime. Each day, commuters are seen using the public transport
more progressively ( eg. buses, subways, streetcars etc.). But if we want our buses and subways to
keep running the way it is, it needs to be paid for. Investing in Public transportation in the GTA is a
very wise, as will lead to a higher GDP, higher employment, and better transportation which will
result in an improved economy.
First off, public transportation has a positive effect on a community's economic development. It
saves travel time for commuters, reduces the cost of travel and has reliability benefits. By
investmenting in public transportation we are making investments for the future. Improving and
maintaining the public transport system will allow us to save travel time for commuters in the long
run. It increases efficiency and boosts enthusiasm to travel by public transportation if the public
knows that it is reliable and quick. In order to achieve this type of response from the public, money
needs to invested into making the trains more durable and sturdy and to decrease waiting times by
making service more frequent. For example, through the investment of public transport this allows
more transportation services such as buses and subways to make the commute faster. With transport
coming every seven minutes or so, people will travel to their destinations much

What Mode of Public Transportation Is Superior: Buses or...
Aside from all the safety issues and levels of access to public transportation, particularly bus and
minibus taxis, there are operational factors that come into play when people decide which mode of
transportation is best suited for them. This section pf the paper will highlight the operational factors
comparing which mode of public transportation is better either buses or minibuses (taxi).
Operational flaws and successes of both buses and minibuses (taxi)
According to the National Household Travel Survey all forms of public transportation in South offer
substandard service to people, the public transport users are not content with the way in which
various mode public transportation operate, but ultimately some transport modes are better than
others. The way in which taxis operate might be seen as a problem to some, but to others it is better
than the formal transport modes offered by the state. The quality of the service they offer tends to be
the problem, they are characterised as being unpredictable and unreliable (Kumar and Barrett,
2008). Due to the informal nature of the industry, operators can increase fares as the demand rises
and change routes at will. Aside from the association that represents their interest in meeting with
relevant government department, they function entirely independent from the state and govern
themselves. Owners and drives are blamed for trying to grab the most immediate and lucrative
opportunity even if it changes their initial route, as a

Transportation and Its Effect on the World
Transportation and Its Effect on the World Transportation: a common word that people hear daily,
but pay no mind to. Transportation is an industry that employs millions and stimulates economies
everywhere. Without transportation the world as we know it would collapse. Cars, boats, trains, and
planes, all built and operate in to serve the same purpose, to move items and people. Transportation
falls into one of three basic types, depending on over what surface they travel by land, water, and
air. Transportation is a non–separable part of any society. It shows a very close relation to the style
of life, the range and location of activities and the goods and services in which will be available.
Advances in transportation have made changes possible in the way of living and the way in which
societies are organized, which therefore have a great influence in the development of countries All
great things have a long grueling beginning, and the art of transporting is no different. Ancient
transports may not be on the large scale of what happens today with advanced aircraft and 2,000
horsepower trucks, but the basic purpose of displacing items was obviously there. Thousands of
years ago, no one heard of a Chevy Cavalier or Amtrak. The only means of getting from point A to
point B were usually two feet on the ground. Around 40,000 years ago the first seaworthy canoes
and ships were first being developed; this made way for international trade by sea and put many of
the

The Theoretical Framework Lies At The Intersection Between...
3.4 The Theoretical Framework
The theoretical framework lies at the intersection between Neoliberalism and the Right to the City
theories.
Neoliberalisation: As presented by Reagan, Thatcher, Kohl, Pinochet and Deng took over after the
crisis that rocked the world in the world in the late 70's and early 80's and was gradually introduced
to the third world countries through international organizations. Neoliberalism operates on a class
basis and it tends to intensify class conflict which can discourage capitalist investment while
encouraging socialists.
According to Sager 2011, neoliberalisation represents uneven development and its policies are
ultimately fostered by neoliberal regimes. It involves a power move from government to private
strategies which serves business companies and their few favored customers than the economy. The
current neo–liberalization of many societies is shaped by economic globalization and international
capital mobility, and by fewer restrictions on business operations, extended property rights,
privatization, deregulation, erosion of the welfare state, devolution of central government, uneven
economic development and increasing social polarization (Dumenil & Levy, 2004; Harvey, 2005,
2006). Based on all opinion, it appears as if the neoliberal era would not be going away anytime
soon as its roots were encouraged by Deng, Thatcher, and Regan in the early 1980's.
Rights to the City
The right to the city as coined by Henri Levebre is used

A Brief Note On Public Transport And The United Kingdom
An investigation into LIC Students user habits relation to public transport in the United Kingdom
1. Introduction
In recent years, the educational tourism market has grown rapidly in the United Kingdom, therefore
the government should consider developing services such as public transport. In fact, public
transport system plays an important part to enhance the quality of life for citizens with the United
Kingdom (Weisbrod & Reno, 2009), and further for international students who travel abroad in
order to get a better standard of education. It is necessary for them to evaluate how they travel when
they start their studies. International students come from different cultures and backgrounds,
different values and behaviors, and that is why this research becomes imperative to find out what
they need when they use the public transport services in the United Kingdom and thus this research
is relevant as an effective system is largely linked with the quality of life of the student. In addition,
1.1 Aims and Objectives
1. To find out whether LIC students use public transport or not in the United Kingdom.
2. To make comparison between public transport system in the United Kingdom and public transport
system in LIC students home countries.
3. To develop public transport system in the United Kingdom according to LIC students opinions.
1.2 Research Questions
1. Do LIC students use public transport in the United Kingdom?
2. How do LIC students use public transport in their

Disadvantages Of Public Transport
I. Introduction (Christian Matthew Carbonell)
Everyday people would take different forms of transport simply because of some occasions and
obligations to attend to. Many people prefer using public transportation vehicles because they don't
have the budget to buy their own cars or because no one would accompany them to their destination.
Most people would wake up very early and set their time. Some would record how long and how
fast they should be taking a transport. Recording the time of walking to the transportation terminal,
the amount of time inside, and going to work or school is a good way for a commuter to develop
time management. No one can really predict what may occur when taking a transport. The recorded
time will not be the same as the next time the person would commute, because there would be
unexpected events that could either delay or hasten travel. It is a person's decision whether to keep
going or stop. A common issue in riding a transport is the limited amount of people are allowed to
go inside that transport. Commuters would usually be stressed, because of technical difficulties or
problem. There is a Facebook page called "MRT: Mga kuwento ... Show more content on
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These vehicles may be owned by government entities as public utilities or by private entities for
their own profit. These means of public transport are important to the country's development
because most people need to use mass transport to meet commitments or fulfill obligations like
going to school or work, especially when the places they need to go to are particularly far from
where they live. However, there are many forms of public transport for people to choose from and
not all of them available in a given situation are convenient for the job, so people tend to be choosy
with these modes of transport to

Information Of The Translink Go Card
IMPACT ANALSYIS AND IMPROVEMENTS.
TRANSLINK: GO CARD
Student Name: Justin Johnstone
Student Number: N9428127
Course: IFB101 – Impact of IT
Assessment 2: Individual Report
Tutorial: Thursday 6–8PM. GP O303A
Due Date: Friday 17th of April
Word Count: – Executive Summary.
This report contains information of the Translink Go Card. Section One explains what the card is,
who developed the card, information about the history of the technology development. Also
described is the reason the smart card system was introduced. How and where the card is used. The
theories of Technology Acceptance Model and Technology Task Fit will be used to analyze the
products impact on the individual commuters of South East Queensland. Section Two will provide
information on new technology benefits that could improve the service, areas the service can
improve and also enhancements to existing benefits.
Table of contents
Part 1: The Impact of the Translink Go Card for Individual Commuters on the South East
Queensland Transport Network.
What is the Translink Go Card?
The Go Card is an electronic smart card ticketing system which has been implemented on the South
East Queensland public transport system. It uses smart cards to record journeys and charge fares to
account balances

A Public And Private Partnership And A Reciprocal...
Recently the City of Wichita has begun to experience problems, providing and maintaining its
transportation services. The City of Wichita has traditionally operated a standard transit system
common in other cities. This transit system included large busses on fixed routes and smaller busses
for specialized transportation needs. This system does not cover the entire scope of public
transportation needs required by citizens. Citizens have voiced a need for change in the city's transit
system. In this memo I will propose two alternatives, a public/private partnership and a reciprocal
community transport system, that aim to improve the Wichita transit system.
Background
People see the current transit system as limited in scope. Both in terms of operating hours and bus
route options. According to the Wichita Eagle, the current system "operates from 5:45 a.m. to 6:45
p.m. Monday through Friday and 6:45 a.m. to 5:45 p.m. Saturday" (Wilson, 2013). This limits the
passenger usage to these specific hours. People needing public transportation before and after these
times require alternate methods of travel. In addition, not all bus routes run through major city
destinations. Some bus routes are positioned away from major areas of traffic. For many citizens in
order to utilize the public transit system, they must first seek another form of transportation in order
to reach a bus stop location.
In order to determine applicable solutions for public transit issues, one first needs to

Transportation Advantages And Disadvantages
The type of transport that an individual uses daily not only affect themselves, but also the wider
community. There are many factors that are likely to affect how an individual makes decisions.
Some decisions are made rationally, others are not. In the past decade, both cities of Greater
Melbourne and Perth are being affected by people's transportation choices. The rapid increase in
population across Australian cities, especially Melbourne and Perth means that the government is
looking for solutions to reduce problems such as raising levels of pollution, congestion and travel
time. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) the residential population of Greater
Melbourne has increased by 2.1% and Greater Perth has increased by 1.6%, during the period of
June 2014 to June 2015 (2017). Consequently, this steep increase in population means that the
transport infrastructure in both cities is being put under increasing pressure. Therefore, to cope with
the rising population, both cities have expanded their public transportation network. In the year of
2015–16 in Perth, 6,850 Transperth train services were run weekly (Public Transport Authority
2017) and in Melbourne there are over 2,200 week day services and more than 3000 services during
the weekends (Metro Trains Melbourne 2017).
As seen in the graph above, both Perth and Melbourne are showing strong trends of growth.
Furthermore, the steep incline in Perth from 2007 can be explained by the opening of the Mandurah
train line in 2007. From 2006, Melbourne is showing a rapid growth, this is because in the 2006
Commonwealth games occurred in Melbourne (Changing Transport 2012). Moreover, both cities
also experienced population growth therefore this may account for the public transport growth.
Private transportation such as cars are very popular with the Australian public. Around 76% of all
vehicles accounted for in 2013 were passenger vehicles (ABS 2014). Cars have become increasingly
affordable and offer greater mobility therefore more Australians are choosing them over public
transportation (ABS 2014). By analysis Australian Bauru of Statistics data social research company
McCrindle found that two in three Australians drive to work or study

The Effect Of Public Transport On Public Transportation
2.5
Expectations of grades are directly linked to travel time as users of public transport are less likely to
expect higher grades as compared to the students who use other means.
2.5.1
As the users of public transport are not able to attend as many lectures as their counterparts who use
a car or take a walk to the university, therefore their expectations of higher grades decreases to some
extent.
2.5.2
In order to find out if the statement is true or should be rejected, we will use means of transport as
one category and the other which would be compared is going to be expected grades at the end of
the course. Around 36% of those who use public transport are expecting to receive a 1st class grade
at the end of the year. While the same grade is expected by more than 43% students who use
personal means of transport. Moreover, the mean grade expected by the whole class is 2.1 and 48%
students who use public transport are expecting this grade, while 50% who use personal transport
are expecting it. The lowest which is expected by all the students is a pass grade and 75% who
expect it use public transport while only 25% of those who expect it are users of personal transport.
Contrastingly, only 6.5% users of public transport expect a pass grade while 9.3% students who use
a car or take a walk expect a pass grade. Thus, the statement can be considered as true.
2.5.3
Our recommendation is that the students should use personal means of transport to save on travel
time and improve

Transport Disadvantage And The Regional Transport Essay
Introduction It is widely acknowledged that Northern Ireland has suffered from decades of
underinvestment in its roads and public transport (RTS, Department for Regional Development
2002). Northern Irelands public transport networks are lacking in many areas of the country. To
address key issues surrounding a lack of adequate transport provision, and to combat the growing
problems of car dependence and transport disadvantage, the Northern Ireland Assembly
commissioned the Regional Development Strategy and the Regional Transport Strategy. This essay
will discuss the nature of transport disadvantage, identify the groups affected by transport
disadvantage, and evaluate and discuss the policies proposed by the Regional Transport Strategy,
and how they will attempt to remedy the problems faced by these disadvantaged groups. What is
Transport Disadvantage? Transport disadvantaged groups can be identified as individuals and
families in the society that cannot easily travel to the opportunities they would like to use. (Warren,
Paula 2011). Transport disadvantage can be more easily defined as the difficulty in accessing
transport through a result of cost, location, disability or age. Transport disadvantage in Northern
Ireland has been exacerbated by an increase in car dependency rates and less investment in local
transport services for socially disadvantaged groups. The number of journeys mad by car in
Northern Ireland accounted for 72% of all journeys made in 2012–2014, an

Help Users Undergo Well Decision Making Essay
To help users undergo well decision–making, trigger levels for each factor will be provided as
guidance for themselves to choose the most worthy transportation for their daily journey. The travel
time, travel cost, and accessibility and mobility will become the main reasons for the users to be
triggered. As long as the performance of services for public transportation increases by reducing the
travel time of public transport, people will be triggered to shift from private vehicles to public
transport for their daily journey.
According to Zhu et al. (2012) the number of users who choose public transport mode goes up
slowly when the parking fee of the destination is increased for the fixed public transport frequency.
The number of public transport mode users increases when the public transport frequency increases
for destination parking fee. The result also shows that the mode choice of users will not totally be
affected with the parking fee of the destination if the bus frequency is lower. These can be
concluded that with the increase of parking fee or increasing in public transport frequency, the cost
of public transport mode is lower compared to the cost of private vehicles. Thus, users who embark
their private vehicles will be triggered to choose public transport for their journey purposes. In this
case when the frequency of public transport increases at the study site, the waiting time for public
transport arrival at the bus stop will be reduced as well.
The other

Essay about U.K. Public Transport Living Up to Expectations
U.K. Public Transport Living Up to Expectations
In this literature review I will be looking at the key areas that are based on whether UK public
transport live up to expectations. I will be looking at journals, magazines, newspapers and books to
help me come to the conclusion. The main topics that I will be focusing on are how disabled people
cannot use public transport, accidents on the road and rail works. Contents page
Introduction................................................................ pg 4
Literature Review......................................................... pg 5
Conclusion.................................................................. pg 8
List of reference........................................................... pg 9
Bibliography............................................................... pg 10 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
redundancies to cover costs.
The Department of Transport has dismissed suggestions that more traffic means roads are more
congested. In London there have been many ways to decrease traffic but it is not happening, the
report by Transport for London said by 2010 congestion will increase by 8% and carbon dioxide
emissions are also set to increase.
Literature Review
Does UK public transport live up to expectations?
Only half of passengers are satisfied with the punctuality of buses and trains, according to a report
published by the General Consumer Council, Translink and the Department of Regional
Development. A late bus can make or break a passenger's day and the government want to see
higher and more consistent standards on all buses and trains. Many passengers are disappointed
about the late arrival of the buses and trains. This can lead to traffic and congestion because many
people would take taxis or their own vehicles and less people would use the public transport. This
would also effect the costs of keeping up the public transport because they government would have

wages to pay etc. this is a disadvantage for the government because they are spending a lot of
money on UK public transport and for them to have a fall in members of the community using the
transport would be a great

Public Transportation And Public Transport
Introduction
In today 's world Public transport has become a necessity, "it is a crucial part of the solution to any
nation's economic, energy, and environmental challenges – helping to bring a better quality of life.
In increasing numbers, people are using public transportation and local communities are expanding
public transit services" ("Public transportation benefits," 2014). It not only helps create a greater
sense of community between customers from the local community but also creates a healthier
environment because it is less stressful than having to drive in traffic; it is also more accessible and
economical for people as it is cheaper and easier to commute and is also good for the environment
as use of public transport decreases the usage of cars which reduces pollution and increases over
road hazards, etc ("Benefits of public transport," 2015). Toronto is one of the most populous cities in
Ontario which is why a city like Toronto, driving is a hassle thus public transit is a great way get
around, it is not only safe but also quick and economical. The Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) is
the company which provides public transport within the city of Toronto.
Importance of vision and mission statement in TTC
Vision and mission statements provides organizations with a purpose and a sense of belonging.
Vision and mission statements are believed to be the exemplar for an organization culture and it
helps with identifying the company 's main goals and corporate culture.

Cmgt 442
Risk Assessment
Introduction
Sioux Falls, SD is one of McBride's locations. McBride Financial Services utilizes sensitive
equipment and toxic chemicals during its manufacturing process. These high end and dangerous
items place the location at risk. Some of the threats include: use of toxic chemicals, public
transportation, crime, and acts of terrorism. It is McBride's responsibility to mitigate these threats.
Use of Toxic Chemicals
McBride Financial Services must control the risk of its use of toxic chemicals. "In its 2009 report
Science and Decisions: Advancing Risk Assessment, the NAS recommended a process to address
and communicate the uncertainty and variability inherent in a risk assessment..." ... Show more
Although there is no actual risk to the Sioux Falls headquarters from the bus terminal itself, a bus
stop is to be found a few yards from the headquarters. For the reason that the bus stop is very near
the office, the likely risk of a bus collision is there, as also the hazard of a bomb exploding and/or
terrorism. To lessen the dangers, a recommendation that every office window be installed with
security glass, protective bars installed to every external window frame, and a steel protection entry
screen be attached to the front entryway with a remote controlled security device.
Railroad Terminals. With a railway station within walking distance to McBride Financial Services,
precautions must be made to mitigate derailing of train cars. Railway cars contain a great deal of
mass. When you combine that with velocity, you obtain force. A runaway rail car could obtain
enough force to destroy sections of McBride Financial Services. With that in mind, it is essential
that McBride invest in precautionary measures. This could include crafting railway dunes to prevent
railway cars from colliding with McBride's structures.
Crime
In any city or town there is always criminal activity present (Albanese, 2003). Sioux Falls is no
exception. For that reason, McBride must have protection on its own from every kind of crime that
could go on. This is to include deliberate actions taken towards McBride's properties and actions
taken

Similarities Between Public Transport And Own Transport
"The key word for transportation in the 21st is choice" by Anthony Foxx. Nowadays, transportation
is vital to everyone in the world. In this century, there are many types of transportation such as car,
motorcycle and bus. Statistic on 2013, show that people who use public transport had increased than
people who use their own transport. From this statistic we know that people mostly like to use
public transport than their own transport. For that reasons, we find the comparison between public
transport and own transport. There are five features like number of people in one transport, safety,
time, cost, and the bad effect on people health that we can compared between them.
Firstly, public transport can accommodate many people in one time. For example, bus usually can
fix between 45 till 50 people in it. It is because some of them will seat and some of them will stand
during their way same as LRT. So that, people can ride on it and it can save time as they can reach
their destination quickly. Other than that, within public transport such as LRT it has special coach
for women who use that public transport as their transport. So, women can ... Show more content on
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Firstly, people can use both transport to reach their destination. Besides that, both transport also use
petrol as their fuel so that it can help the transport go further. The Malaysian Road Transport
Department decided each driver of transportation must have driving license to drive it. Each
transportation also must show its road tax on front of it. To get better performances, both transport
should do the services at least once a month. In a conclusion, we can conclude that both transport
have differences on their features like number of people, safety, time, cost and bad effect on people
health. But both transport have the similarities on its function. So, we would prefer to choose public
transport is better than own transport based on reasons

Toronto Transport Commission Swot Analysis
SECTOR: Toronto Transit Commission is the third largest public transport company in North
America that provide services to the public through buses, streetcars and subways in Toronto. It was
started in 1849 under the name of Public transit in Toronto but in 1921 it took control over all routes
and established Toronto Transit Commission. In 1954 it opened its first subway line and now they
have a wide network of subway and other services. (Toronto Transit Commission, 2017)
ORGANIZATION SIZE: TTC is the oldest and largest transit providers in Greater Toronto area and
they have good connections with their surrounding municipalities. TTC is big organization they
operate 4 subway lines and have 69 stations, 149 bus routes and they also operate 10 ... Show more
They also have made services that are affordable and cost effective for their customers and
taxpayers. (Toronto Transit Commission (TTC), 2017)
RECORD OF PERFORMANCE: TTC have good record of performance. They provide services all
around the Toronto region. From its creation from 1921 it is supporting itself both for capital and
operations. In 2011 TTC's operating budget was 1.45 billion dollars and they did not get any
subsidies from provincial and federal government and they are still providing best services to their
customers without getting help from any outside sources. (Toronto Transit Commission, 2017)
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE: TTC's culture is very welcoming and cooperative. They always
put people's safety first. They believe to work in teams. They have made managers and supervisors
available at all times to solve problems of their workers as well as their customers. They hold each
other's back. They are committed to the principles of diversity and they also provide accommodation
to the applicants throughout the recruitment

Public Transport Advantages And Disadvantages
India's large urban population has left our systems of public transport is extremely overwhelmed,
demands far exceeding the limited supply of transport infrastructure and services, absconding most
buses and trains services as overcrowded, undependable and dangerous. Our cities desperately need
improved and expanded public transport services. However "With 23 percent of its urban population
living in poverty, India has been forced to keep its public transport fares extremely low. Making it
diﬃcult to aﬀord even routine maintenance and vehicle replacement, let alone system modernization
and expansion." (Pucher, John)
Conventional trains are extremely pollutive in terms of both noise and the environment. They use
irrationally large amounts of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Nov. 2014. <http://ffden–
2.phys.uaf.edu/212_spring2011.web.dir/Chan_Jeon/physics–of–maglve–train.html>.
"Magnetic Levitation,What Is Magnetic Levitation? How Does It Work?
Difference,Reason,Effects,Affects,Scholarships In India." Magnetic Levitation,What Is Magnetic
Levitation? How Does It Work?Difference,Reason,Effects,Affects,Scholarships In India. N.p., n.d.
Web. 24 Nov. 2015.
"Nearly 80 per Cent of India's Crude Oil Needs to Be Imported: Veerappa Moily." – Business Today.
N.p., 27 Aug. 2013. Web. 19 Nov. 2015. <http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/80–per–cent–of–
crude–oil–needs–to–be–imported–veerappa–moily/1/198148.html>.
"Wix.com Maglev Trains Created by Whizboy7 Based on Blank Left Navigation | Wix.com."
Wix.com Maglev Trains Created by Whizboy7 Based on Blank Left Navigation. N.p., n.d. Web. 26
Nov. 2015. <http://whizboy7.wix.com/maglev–trains#!social–impact>.
Bonsor, Kevin. HowStuffWorks. HowStuffWorks.com, n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2014.
<http://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/engines–equipment/maglev–train2.htm>.
"Maglev Trains." : Maglev Suspension Systems. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Nov. 2014.

Alternative Options For Public Transport Essay
5. Alternative options for public transport:
To ensure public transport in the command area available alternatives are:
1) Establishment of Metro Rail Service:
Under the fast track project of Bangladesh Government, elevated Metro rail system is implementing
in the capital to link between north and south of the city. Dhaka Mass Transit Company Ltd.
(DMTCL) estimate £2.20 billon (£109 million per km) needed to construct the 20.10 km long Uttara
3rd Phase (North Dhaka) to Bangladesh Bank (South Dhaka) (Dhaka Mass Rapid Transit
Development Project, 2016). The option for Metro Rail system in the proposed alignment will be
the gigantic in terms of investment, about £2.45 billion shall be required to implement such gigantic
project. Moreover, selected area is out of the urban zone which will not give the actual objects of
enhance public transport.
2) Construction of Elevated Expressway from Dhaka(Mirpur Bridge) to Nabinagar (Dhaka):
Bangladesh Bridge Authority, Bridges Division, Ministry of Bridge Transport and Bridges,
implementing19.73 kilometer long "Dhaka Elevated Expressway PPP Project" having total cost of
£894 million (BDT 8940 crore) indicates that to construct 22.50 kilometer long expressway
government need mammoth investment of about £1.02 billion (£45.31 million per km) (Bangladesh
Bridge Authority, 2016). Besides, Huge investment will not facilitate only the public transport, but
private vehicle will also get the same benefit from the elevated infrastructure

The Disadvantipages Of Competitive Advantages
Competitive advantage allows a company to grow and sustain its sales but still retain more
customers than its rivals. (Perreault/ Cannon/McCarthy, 2009, p48) defines competitive advantage
as '' A firm that has a marketing mix that the target market sees as better that a competitors mix''. A
company achieves a completive advantage when it provides buyers with superior value compared to
rival seller's offers the same value at a lower cost to the firm, this is according to
(Thompson/Peteraf/Gamble / Strickland, 2014, p 7)
The core business of BBC is embodied in its vision of providing public transport which is
affordable, accessible, efficient, integrated and safe to the commuters of Ekurhuleni, who reside and
work in the parts of EMM. The competitive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since commuters receive 50% subsidy from the provincial government for the daily commute, the
BBC becomes the number one choice transport in the region. Taxis turn to be double the price of
buses , according to the EMM's Household Travel Survey of 2014, households in EMM receive an
average monthly income that ranges between R2 000 and R3 000 , making this a low income area
with LSM 1–3 , (Saarfcoza, 2016). BCC outcompete the taxi industry by having lower costs and
thus being able to serve the greater community at a lower

International Reputation Of Urban Transportation Planning
I. INTRODUCTION
Transportation infrastructure is not only regarded as the artery of massive urban system, but also the
cornerstone of urban growth as transportation advantages attract development opportunities.
However, in the 20th century, unprecedented urbanisation pressured transportation worldwide, as
population growth and rise of automobile ownership plagued various cities into chronic traffic
problems with subsequent social and environmental impacts. This report explores Curitiba that has
developed an international reputation of urban transportation planning, in order to understand how
increasingly urbanised city as Curitiba alleviates its traffic issues through urban design and creative
management. Critical analysis and implications in terms of the results of implemented solutions will
be provided.
II. HISTORY & PROBLEMS Curitiba, capital of the state of Parana ́ in Brazil, originated with a
strong emphasis on transportation, as the first patches of rail–road constructions in 1880s between
the city and ports of its state upgraded Curitiba into a strategic location for business and trade
(Macedo 2004). Although the city experienced growth through capital investment in coffee
production since 1940s (Macedo 2013), the significant driver of Curitiba 's expansion was the
mechanisation of agriculture and its emerging industrial and commercial importance since 1960s,
during which the resulting rural in–migration of displaced labour–force fueled urban

Research Report On The Glasgow City Council And The...
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Chapter three has displayed the methodology that is going to be adopted with these research works
which include the review of earlier research materials and analysing the effect of some projects that
has been carried out in other areas that has gone through the related conditions. This chapter shows
the breakdown of the data gathered in line with this research work; this information will be critically
analysed using the BREEAM as the standard for the analysis.
RESULT
Results obtained from the previous researchers showed that there is evidence of shrinkage mostly at
the developed cities. However, all the research work shows that the major challenge to shrinking
cities is how to regenerate and maintain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The discussions as stated in chapter three was structured in as follows:
OBSERVABLE EFFECT OF REGENERATION PROCESS ON THE ECONOMY
The Scottish Government has set up suitable programmes to create a sustainable environment
through the Sustainable Glasgow initiative. This initiative is set up to deliver a project programme
that the main plan is to develop the economy by making direct contact with the city, people and
businesses to open up more investments and help tackle possible challenges. This development is
believed to be the factor to the major drive to improvement of Glasgow's future economy,
environment and its social aspect (Glasgow.gov.uk, 2014a).
Sustainable development as defined by the Brundtland Report (WCED, 1987) is the development
that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needs (Diesendorf, 1999). The initiative that involves the sustainable development of
Glasgow is set up to improve the living standard of the future generation by setting up a system of
development at city level. This will take on both the private and public interests to show the breadth
and scale of the issues faced in a flexible business environment. Using the principle of sustainable
development to engage a broad partnership base, Glasgow hopes to understand and influence all of
the key social, economic and environmental factors supporting a

Essay on Manchester Airport and Mcdonald's
This report will cover a comparison between two organizations – Manchester Airport and
McDonald's– main business functions; structure and contribution to the operation of these
organizations. Furthermore, I shall critically evaluate the benefits, and any disadvantages of the
organizational arrangements for managing these business functions in each case.
Manchester Airport
One of Britain's and the world's principal airports, handling millions of passengers each year,
connecting the North of England with global destinations. Still growing, have an exciting and
promising future, but an equally illustrious past which began in 1928. Manchester airport is
managed independently by Manchester Airport PLC and owned by all 10 Metropolitan ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, Manchester is aiming to expand its business; while providing sustainable transport
network with high standards of services for all its passengers – recent airport capability is to handle
around 20 million passengers among the largest regional airports in Britain "Best UK Airport." The
vision is to double passengers number to approximately 42 million passengers per annum by 2015
reflects its mission "Best Airport in the World" and consequently increase destinations (currently
hosts 91 airlines such as JMC and flights are chartered to 175 destinations).
In addition, buying shares in other major UK and Australian airports and the development of ground
transport interchange to help public arrive using public transports and check more efficiently and
quickly.
Manchester has undertaken several projects such as: Terminal 1, 2 and 3, to maintain short to
medium term.
Besides increasing profits, Manchester attract people attention while minimizing their products
environmental impact; noise, pollution and exercises to keep birds around runways to protect their
lives from airplane engines.
Quality assurance and control
To assure the quality of airport services, Manchester has sat up "International Scientific Advisory
Council" last year. The council consists of worldwide expertise evaluated airplanes and machines
safety practices, assure airport compliance with government rules and create new

Penrith City Council Case Study
Penrith gathers 20,000 signatures against poor infrastructure
An online petition calling for federal funding on infrastructure development in Penrith and the outer
western Sydney region has gathered more than 20,000 signatures. Penrith City Council has started
this initiative with an aim to get problems of traffic congestion and other related problems out in the
open as federal election campaigning gets underway.
The campaign highlights the critical need to connect Sydney's outskirts to the North West and South
West regions. The project's objective is to generate more job opportunities and health access to
improve well–being and togetherness in the community.
"It's a question of accessibility, to be able to get around. To have a meaningful, ... Show more
I'll be an optimist, I believe there is going to be a federal fairly soon, and there will some further
commitments in relation to the planning of it, then budget allocations for it will be put through
regressively overtime. Though Good government, whether its liberal or labour will have to come on
board, a bipartisan agreement, the creation of the fund really has to be a solution, to progressively
build them up and spend them for the benefit of the community.
What have you done to make the public aware? How can this be enhanced to infiltrate public
interest?
There's advertising everywhere, Facebook pages, YouTube advertisements, pamphlets, just last
Wednesday morning people were handing out pamphlets at railways stations, the launch of the
project in Penrith seems to have created a good deal of publicity.
How long will these improvements take once approved? Will this be chaotic on top of existing rail
lines in the process of construction?
Any construction such as this will cause disruption. It is critical to implement it in an appropriate
and timely manner. Changes are to be seen through to

A Brief Note On Subsidies Policy For Public Transport
An analysis of subsidies policy for public transport in UK
"subsidy means money given as part of the cost of something, to help or encourge it to happen"
(cambridge dictionary, 2015). In transport,..
Main Body
Organisation and Policy
Glaitser et al (2006) stated In Great Britain, Department for Transport responsible to include posts
covering public transport, transport in London, roads and traffic national policy and aviation and
shipping or logistic. They also suggest to public transport there is a 3 tier of government in charge of
that are department for transport, sub–state goverment and local authorities. For rail services, the
authority and accountability exist in Great Britain and sub–state government. While bus service,
sub–state and local government authorities play the role. Subsidy given by the government through
several ways, among others for the bus, a government subsidy to all buses operating with the
distribution of three areas: rural areas, metropolitan and territories except london london. The
subsidy for train through two ways are the operation and maintenance of infrastructure (White,
2009).
Why government do subsidy? goeverden et al (2006) stated subsidy is necessary for public
transport. First, vulnerable groups such as low–income households, those without driver's license,
people with disabilities need to be motivated to avoid the problem of social exclusion. In this case
the subsidy serves as a 'social function'. Second, limit the use of private

Public Transport And How It Can Be Prioritised Through...
Abstract
This paper addresses the importance of public transport and how it can be prioritised through traffic
engineering. Numerous methods for giving public transport priority have been researched and
discussed. Examples are provided where those techniques are implemented and their performance is
evaluated. Research proves that priority to public transport in urban areas is feasible and can lead to
reduced travel times while having a minor impact on the traffic network.
1. Introduction
As cities are expanding and traffic congestion is increasing, there is growing demand for more
regular and efficient public transport. This is in part to reduce pollution and noise levels (European
Commision Dictorate–General for Environment, 2004). European policy–makers and investors have
in fact influenced a modal shift towards more public, rather than private transport in recent years
(Bund, n.d.).
Traffic engineering involves the planning and management of urban road infrastructures and
networks (Institute of Transportation Engineers, 1999) for various modes of transport, such as
vehicles (private, public and commercial), bicycles and pedestrians. Its purpose is to find solutions
to transport infrastructures in order to provide the best transport systems for people and goods in
terms of cost, time, safety and environmental impact.
There are three key benefits in prioritising public transport in urban environments. The first is that
by reducing congestion, commercial transport becomes

Suburbanization Produced by Technological Advances in...
"The new technology of the motor car became central to the development of twentieth century cities
in the US" (Roberts 2009 p53) and by 1914 the US production had exceeded that of the whole of
Europe. What started out as a transportation toy for the very rich in 1900 became available to
ordinary working class citizens by 1920 (Roberts 2009 p55). The technologies born of the Industrial
Revolution changed forever the way people in the West lived and worked and economies
strengthened as a new era dawned of mass production and consumerism. But in the 1920s, it was the
availability of a mix of technologies and policies which facilitated the pace and scale of
suburbanization and decentralization of the cities in both the US and Germany ... Show more
Similarly this was the case in Germany, it too having been unified in 1871. In the US,
suburbanization occurred with the 'removal' of the masses from high density city dwellings to single
storey houses on the city fringes and beyond, as developers, insurance companies, bankers and
governments collaborated to offer cheap rural land and mortgages (Chant 2009 p101). On the other
hand, in Germany it was industrialists who moved their workforce en masse to cheap land on main
transport routes where they built new factories and housed their workers in garden suburbs which
were self contained with schools and shops and so suburbanization was more controlled (Bullock
2009 p235). The most significant difference between Germany and the US in the growth of
suburbanization and development of transport was its form of local government. In Germany there
was a civic system of independent self rule by municipal governments who were, nevertheless
financially and constitutionally dependent upon the state. The national government intervened only
if and when the interests of the nation or ruling elite were compromised. As the motor vehicle
became a competitor with the railways in providing alternative transport modes, it implemented
transport taxes to pay towards reparations, road safety, road maintenance and improvements. On the
other hand in the US regional planning was a professional discipline, as in France, and the

The Impact Of Public Transport On Rural And Sustainable...
4. Financial Analysis
4.1 Introduction
Today the role of public transport is perceived very seriously in terms of urban mobility and
sustainable development, but even though the financial resources available are insufficient.
Acquiring appropriate financing mechanisms is not only imperative for the development of transport
system but also for the holistic growth of urban pockets.
The local government all over the world face financial constraints due to disparity between costs
and revenues. Many urban planners think that revenues cannot be covered from fare box alone.
Indian cities are also facing the same challenges. But due to some funding through JnNURM the
city officials find some relief in procuring buses of high standards like present in developed
countries.
There are two types of costs associated with transport system: one is capital cost and other is
operating cost. Capital cost constitutes of infrastructural support, procurement of buses, and
construction of bus stations. Whereas operating cost includes expenses incurred in fuel,
technological services, salaries to operators of buses, and upgrading buses to better quality with
time. Hence financial aspect takes a big role, because without investment of money, a huge
infrastructural project is not possible. Other dilemma which urban planners face is setting correct
fares in order to attract maximum users and save the system to run into losses.
In this section of my case study, I focus upon the financial burden of

A Public And Private Partnership And A Reciprocal...
Summary
Recently the City of Wichita has begun to experience problems providing and maintaining its
transportation services. The City of Wichita has traditionally operated a standard transit system
common in many other cities. This transit system included large busses on fixed routes and smaller
busses for more specialized transportation needs. This system however, does not cover the entire
scope of public transportation needs required by many citizens. Citizens have voiced a need for
change in the city's transit system. In this memo I will propose two alternatives, a public/private
partnership and a reciprocal community transport system, that aim to improve the Wichita transit
system.
Background
Many people see the current transit system as limited in scope. Both in terms of operation hours and
buses route options. According to the Wichita Eagle, the current system "operates from 5:45 a.m. to
6:45 p.m. Monday through Friday and 6:45 a.m. to 5:45 p.m. Saturday" (Wilson, 2013). This limits
the passenger usage to these specific hours. People needing public transportation before and after
these times are required to seek alternate methods of travel. In addition, not all bus routes run
through major city destinations. Some bus routes are stationed away from major areas of traffic. For
many citizens in order to utilize the public transit system, they must first seek another form of
transportation in order to reach a bus stop location.
In order to determine applicable solutions

Informal Public Transport Essay
Technology Not–Enabled Intermediate public transport (Global and Indian Context)
It is defined as, passenger transport services outside the traditional government regulatory system is
called as the paratransit. Some of the important characteristics of the informal public transport are:
Sometimes it is unscheduled in terms of services, routes are based on demand response, filling the
gap in formal public transport.
Generally, use those vehicles which are small in size leads to more flexibility where large vehicles
are unable to reach like in Damascus, Syria Arab Republic where small vehicles dominating the
market.
Most of the vehicle used as a paratransit are old, or retired from other areas have less capital
investment or are inexpensively available. For ex., Motorized rickshaws or east and South East ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Manila, the 45 % of the total trips are carried out by the "down–market" jeepneys and 12 % by
the "up–market" FX minivans.
Benefits and costs related to the informal public transport:
Paratransit offers a number of potential benefits to the local government and to the people of the city
as the government authorities are struggling in regulating and funding the public transport. So, by
default the Informal Public Transport filling the mobility needs of the people. The operators of the
IPT are remunerative because they can change themselves with the increasing passenger demand
and lower down the per–seat cost by organizing them into the route associations and cooperatives.
The various costs associated with the operators of the small–scale Informal Public
Transport/Paratransit are:
Oversupply, erratic scheduling and service: means that the headways of the vehicles during the off–
peak hours is too high causes wait for too long and during the peak hours there is over supply of the
vehicles, fighting for the problems create problems like congestion, accidents

Telopea Summary
Telopea Summary
For people who want to live in a suburb that offers easy access to roadways for commuting to work
in Sydney's CBD, Telopea is a great suburb. Victoria Road can get you to the CBD within 40
minutes. The suburb is overall quiet and provides ample access to public transport when you don't
want to drive to work. Public transport in Telopea includes bus and rail. There is a small,
commercial area where there are essential supermarkets, eateries, and services that cater to the locals
of Telopea. The parklands culture is alive in Telopea with a couple of nice parks and playgrounds in
the community. The natural, forested beauty of Telopea is part of its character and appeal.
Telopea Profile
Telopea has a lot of nature in its boundaries. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Church of Christ Telopea (Shortland Street)
Sydney Young Nak Presbyterian Church (Manson Street)
Shopping & Dining
Telopea isn't necessarily brimming with shops and eateries, but what they have are practical
supermarkets and dining spots. The surrounding suburbs provide a wider range of diverse eateries
and cuisines.
Supermarkets
IGA (Benaud Place & Evans Road)
Franklins Supermarkets (Benaud Place)
Shops
Telopea Liquor Store Pty Ltd. (Adderton Road)
Valley Bakery (Benaud Place)
LiquorLand Telopea (Benaud Place)
Cafes & Restaurants
Telopea Pizza (Benaud Place) – Local pizzeria
Pizza Plus 1 (Adderton Road) – Local pizzeria
Telopea Tandoori (Telopea Street) – Indian cuisine
Telopea Take Away (Benaud Place) – Local takeaway restaurant
Telopea is one of Sydney's hidden gems that is likely to see growth in the coming years due to the
need and desire. Many residents like the proximity to the city and to suburbs with a multitude of
things to do and see within walking

Karl Marx Totalitarianism
I interpret this as meaning that people who wish to leave a nation or overthrow the Communist state
will have their property confiscated. I see how this could help a Communist state to thrive because it
would prevent a mass exodus from the state is people weren't sympathetic to the new government.
Also, it would help with the transition of private to public property. This principle does have cause
for concern though, in that it limits the rights of people who wish to leave, but (more importantly) it
is a means to silence critics of the government. It is understandable that to form a stable Communist
state, dissenters have to be dealt with, but for fear of losing property (or possibly other
repercussions), it is possible that "rebels" would ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But, if the state genuinely acts in the interest of all citizens, this is a positive means of de–alienating
workers and redistributing wealth. In "What is Socialization? A Program of Practical Socialism,"
Korsch, Denton, and Kellner explain that "The "means of production" are all those physical objects
or goods that are used for the purpose of product." In other versions of the Communist Manifesto,
this sixth measure demands the "centralization of the means of communication and transport in the
hands of the state." Though the means of production are not limited to communication and transport,
these are important physical structures/systems which are necessary to the existence of any state. I
will only focus on these two at the moments because there are various components of the means of
production and it is important that I not make generalizations about each aspect of the means of

Managing Public Transport Using Customer Satisfaction Data
Public transport in an era where sustainability matters are thoroughly concern and have to comply
with customer needs and expectation, challenges certain research on how customers perceive service
quality at this sector (Fonseca et al. 2010). For instance, in service quality concept, reliability
identified as significant factor to measure customer satisfaction since it can affect the way of
customer or non–customer perception related with their travel experience (Edvardsson 1998).
Therefore, satisfaction measures has been used oftentimes in performance–based contracting (PBC)
of public transport project (Fellesson and Friman 2009).
This report convey some theories from the course literature which consider customer satisfaction
data in public transport and adresses some question following: Q1: What are the pros and cons of
managing by numbers (objective and subjective, strategically and operationally) and Q2: In what
way can measures/data on subjective experience contribute to transport policy making?A further
discussion will be provided below.
The Pros and Cons of Measuring Objective and Subjective Data
Commence with the concept of service quality, satisfaction is an substantial idea which known as
noted value to comply with customer expectation (Edvardsson 1998). Therefore, it is needed
satisfaction measurement in perceiving quality of service whether for customer or non customer
perception (Fellesson and Friman 2008). Moreover, converting satisfaction into qualitative

Urbanisation
Urbanisation builds an equitable society The process of people moving into cities, which is called
urbanisation, was happening around the world in past decades. It causes cities to have more
labourers and resources than before. This makes a big contribution to the social development of
cities. Thanks to these social developments, public services are becoming better in these areas.
Citizens can enjoy a better life by access these public services such as better medical care, more
education resources and well–built transport. It means an equitable society can be created. An
equitable society means citizens can have more opportunities to access social resources and to live a
better life. This essay will argue that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This evidence shows that urbanisation contributes a lot to the public transport system in Guangdong.
There have built several different kinds of public transports that can connect to many other cities.
People can use these public transports equally. By using these convenient transports, people can live
a high–efficiency life because less time is spent on the way. That is to say, even those people far
away from Guangdong can go to Guangdong quickly and access the resources in Guangdong more
easily. So people can enjoy different kinds of resources equally because of convenient transport.
Secondly, urbanisation brings more goods to citizens and people can improve their life quality by
using these goods. According to Li & Yao (2009, p. 1995), electrical appliances are becoming
popular because of urbanisation. For example, air conditional owner–ship is rapidly growing up in
China. Some families even have more than two units. From this evidence, it can be showed that
urbanisation brings more modernised goods such as air conditioners to citizens. Citizens can access
these useful goods more easily and they are able to live a higher standard life by using these goods.
They have the same opportunities to buy these goods to improve their life quality. This means the
opportunities to improve the quality of life can become equal in the society. All in all, urbanisation
builds an equitable

The Right to the City Through Public Transportation in Astoria, Queens

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