4. 1 2
3 4
5
6
Free and Compulsory
Education
Status, Emoluments and
Education of Teachers
Development of
Languages
Equalization of educational
opportunity
Work-experience and
5. 7 8
9 10
11
12
Science Education and
Research
Education for Agriculture
and Industry
Examinations
Production of Books
University Education
6. 13 14
15 16
17
Part-time Education and
Correspondence Courses
Spread of Literacy and Adult
Education
Education of Minorities
Games and Sports
The Educational Structure
8. ➢ The completion of course, at the end of the lower or higher
secondary stage, the student should receive a certificate from the
school, also giving the record of his internal assessment as
contained in his cumulative record.
➢ The certificate may be attached to that given by Board in
connection with the external examination.
➢ Internal assessment conducted by the school should be
comprehensive evaluating all those aspects of students growth
that are measured by the external examination and also those
personality traits, interests and attitudes which cannot be assessed
by it.
9. ➢ Certificate should bear students complete performance but there
should be no remark to the effect that he has passed or failed in
the whole examination.
➢ Written examinations should be reduced and laid stress on
observation techniques, oral tests and practical examinations.
➢ Classes I to V to be treated as an ungraded unit.
➢ At the end of primary stage, no external examination to be held
and observation and oral test to be used at this stage.
10. ➢ External examination need not be compulsory for all the students
of class X or class XII or XII.
➢ National Board of School Education to be set up at the centre.
➢ Establishment of Experimental Schools with the right to hold
their own final examination at the end of class X
13. 1 2
3 4
5
6
Based on constitutional
principles
Common educational
structure
Equality of opportunity in
education
National system of education
Minimum levels of learning
14. 7 8
9 10
11
12
Promotion of language Universal character of higher edu
Navodaya schools
Early childhood care &
education
Open & distance learnin
15. ➢ “Assessment of performance is an integral part of any process of
learning and teaching. As part of sound educational strategy,
examinations should be employed to bring about qualitative
improvement in education.
➢ The objective will be to recast the examination system so as to
ensure a method of assessment that is a valid and reliable
measure of student development and a powerful instrument for
improving teaching and learning. In functional terms, this would
mean:
EXAMINATION REFORMS
16. a) The elimination of excessive element of chance and subjectivity.
b) The de emphasis of memorisation.
c) Continuous and Comprehensive evaluation that incorporates
both scholastic and non scholastic aspect of education, spread
over the total span of instructional times.
d) Effective use of evaluation process by teachers, students and
Parents.
17. e) Improvement in the conduct of examination.
f) The introduction of concomitant changes in introduction
material
g) Introduction of the semester system from the secondary stage in
phased manner
h) The use of grades in place of marks
➢ The above goals are relevant both for external examination and
evaluations within educational institutions.