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2. HISTORICAL
PERSPECTIVE OF DISTANCE
EDUCATION
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Presented by Sami Arif

3. Introduction
 EDUCATION
 Education is a process of learning positive
habits , knowledge , skill etc , under the
guidance of teacher.
 DISTANCE EDUCATION
 Distance education is a kind (medium of
instruction)of education, in which a student
studies by correspondence ,sitting at home .
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4. Definition
 This term covers education & training in which
tutor & learner are not in the same place.
Correspondence courses are the most vivid
example & it is possible to obtain a very wide
range of skills & qualification in this way.
( ILMI education dictionary )
 According to Dodd's (1978)
 …..this method/system provides
education/courses by correspondence,
broadcasting and occasional face-to-face
learning.
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5. Terminology
 Distance education 25
 Open learning
 Non-formal
 Correspondence
 Without walls university
 flexi-study
 Off-campus learning
 Adult education
 Life long education
 Continuing education
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6. Components
1) Correspondence material
2) Radio
3) Television
4) Study centers
5) Distance tutors
6) Multi-media /internet
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7. Characteristics
No fixed class room
Individual student work
Multi media usedTV internet postal
service etc
Little oral interaction
Less face- to- face interaction
 Self assessment activities
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8. Advantages
 Easy
 No seats limitation
 No time restriction
 No place restriction
 No gender restriction
 Affordable
 EDUCATION FOR ALL (slogan) fulfills
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9. Development of technology
Distance education has been developed by the
passage of time through five generations .
 Correspondence generation(print).
 Multimedia generation(video & audio tapes
C.Ds.etc)
 Telelearning generation( audio& video
conferencing, broadcasting)
 Flexible learning generation (internet, network)
 Intelligent flexible learning generation.
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10. In history’s eye
 Distance education has a long history over
a 100 years . How ever in its non-organized
form distance education has been traced
back to the beginning of written records .
 During Biblical period epistles were used for
the instruction of early Christian
congregations.
(sewart 1981 ,holmberg1986)
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11. 18th Century
According to Holmberg , mention of what could
be termed as distance education , was made
in the Boston Gazette(U.S.A ) of 20th march
1728 when Caleb Philips, a teacher of New
Method shorthand advertised that people
who wanted to learn this art could have their
lessons sent weekly to them and ” … be as
perfectly instructed as those that live in
Boston” (Battenberg, p.44, quoted by
Holmberg 1986,p.6).
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12. Early 19th Century
Open universities & institutes opened in
Sweden ,West Germany ,U.S.A &U.K where
correspondence courses were offered.The
university of London was first to award
degree in D.L.
1833 D.E started in Sweden.
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13. Mid19th Century
 1850 In England Isaac Pitman started
shorthand on post cards .
 1856 Germany, Frenchman CharlesToussaint
& German Gustay Langenscheidt started
teaching language in Berlin.
 1870 Hans Hermod opened a school in
Malmo
 1880 Isaac Pitman College
 1873-1897 In U.S.A Anna Eliot Tichnor
founded & run Boston Society.
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14. 20th Century
1920 Soviet union used D.E to expend there
educated manpower.
1929 D.E became a significant component of
soviet education system as a solution to
shortage of teachers & institutions . Even
today Russian students do part of their
degree at a distance & part full-time.
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15. Radio Era
 Child education
 1925 radio introduced in school education.
 1939 10,000 schools had radio
 Adult education
 1930 several thousand listening groups were
formed in Britain.
 1937 radio came in for adult education in
New Zealand.
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16. 3rd Component
 1960’S Linkage of 3rd component ,face-to-
face tuition with Broadcasting and
correspondence
 Off campuses studies started from first world
war
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17. 3rd world countries
 1940-1950 In Asia and Latin America
 1960 D.E as a solution for educational
problems.
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18. In Pakistan
 The first open university founded in 1974
named as People open university in
Islamabad now known as Allama Iqbal Open
University.
 The second open university isVirtual
University which founded in 2002.
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19. Conclusion
 To conclude we may state that distance
education has a history of one hundred years
. D.E is based on traditional education . D.E is
expending day by day, it is cost effective and
now a need of under developing countries. It
is a solution of third world countries low
literacy rate.
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