Definitions, history, and theories of distance education powerpoint

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Definitions,
History, and
Theories of
Distance
Education
Created By: Terrell McCall

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Definitions
 Learning groups-student, teacher and resources
 Geographic separation-online classes create opportunities for
students and instructors to connect
 Accreditation-carried out by an institution, not self-taught study
 Telecommunications-interactions through different forms of
digital communication

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History of Electronic Communication
 1920-over 175 radio stations were constructed in educational
college and universities
 1950-college credit courses were offered via broadcast
television
 1957-1982-New York University offered college courses called
Sunrise Semester whichaired on CBS

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History of Distance Education
 1840-Issac Pitman offered shorthand instructions about the penny post via
correspondence
 1873-Anna Eliot Ticknor founded a Boston-based society to study at home
 1883-1891-William Rainey Harper headed a program in New York that
promoted distance learning
 1890-The University of Chicago created an extension of correspondence
learning with 125 instructors, over 3,000 students and 350 courses offered
 1923-University of Nebraska started experimenting with distance education
courses

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Theory
 Keegan classifies theories of distance education into three
groups: theories of independence, industrialization of teaching
and theories of interaction and communication.
 Keegan explained how important theory was and how the lack of
theory had weakened distance education.

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Reasons for Distance Education
 Need for more education opportunities around the world.
 Realized people want to continue to live their lives while going
back to school.
 Most professions require a degree.
 The desire to earn your degree.

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History of Electronic Communications
 1920-over 175 radio stations were constructed in educational
college and universities
 1950-college credit courses were offered via broadcast
television
 1957-1982-New York University offered college courses called
Sunrise Semester which aired on CBS

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People in Distance Education
 Borje Holmberg (1985)-had a theory of guided didactic
conversation where he believed that teaching effectively related
directly to a feeling a belonging, cooperation and communication.
 Malcolm Knowles (1990)-formulated a theory that adult learning
based on research and experience related to the characteristics of
the adult learner
 Hillary Perraton (1988)-had a theory that was composed of existing
theories which basically ranged from distance education reaching
audiences that traditional teaching cannot to increasing dialogue
and dealing with methods.

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Fordism, Neo-Fordism, & Post-Fordism
 Fordism-derived from Henry Ford’s approach for mass
consumption of automobiles and a way to represent three ways
to conceptualize the production of distance education
 Neo-Fordism-much higher levels of flexibility and diversity is
used here by combing low volumes with high volumes of product
and process innovation
 Post-Fordism-high levels of all three variables are used here,
meaning a culmination of product innovation, process variability
and labor responsibility

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Questions to Ask Before Developing a
Theory
 Is distance education an educational activity?
 Is distance education a form of conventional education?
 Is distance education possible or is it a contradiction?