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![3. Basic 3D shapes
[15”]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/acicd2015day03-150424004045-conversion-gate02/85/ACI-Design-Creativity-2015-Day-03-85-320.jpg)
![g’ (s’1… s’n) s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s6 s7 s8 s9 s10 s11 s12 s13 s14 s15 s16 s17 s18 s19 s20 s21 s22 s23 s24 s25 y
3 [3,3,3] x 1
3 [3,3,4] x 1
3 [3,3,4] x 1
3 [4,5,6] x 1
4 [3,3,3,4] x 1
4 [3,3,4,4] x 1
5 [3,3,3,3,5] x 1
3 [3,3,4] x x 0.5
3 [3,3,6] x x 0.5
3 [3,4,5] x x 0.5
4 [3,3,3,4] x x 0.5
4 [3,3,4,4] x x 0.5
5 [3,3,3,3,4] x x x 0.3
3 [3,4,5] x x x x 0.25
4 [3,3,3,4] x x x x 0.25
4 [3,3,3,4] x x x x 0.25
4 [3,3,4,5] x x x x 0.25
3 [3,3,3] x x x x x 0.2
3 [3,3,5] x x x x x 0.2
4 [3,3,3,3] x x x x x 0.2
4 [3,3,4,5] x x x x x 0.2
5 [3,3,3,3,4] x x x x x 0.2
3 [3,3,5] x x x x x x 0.16
5 [3,3,4,4,5] x x x x x x 0.16
4 [3,3,4,4] x x x x x x x 0.14
5 [3,3,3,4,4] x x x x x x x 0.14
3 [3,3,4] x x x x x x x x x 0.11
6 [3,3,3,3,3,5] x x x x x x x x x 0.11
3 [3,4,4] x x x x x x x x x x x 0.09
3 [3,4,7] x x x x x x x x x x x x 0.08
3 [3,3,3] x x x x x x x x x x x x x 0.07
5 [3,3,3,5,5] x x x x x x x x x x x x x 0.07
4 [3,3,3,3] x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 0.07
5 [3,3,3,3,4] x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 0.07
5 [3,3,4,4,4] x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 0.05
7 [3,3,3,3,3,3,6] x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 0.04
3 [4,5,5] x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 0.04
FLUENCY 10 10 5 10 6 9 10 6 7 11 8 7 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 16 9 14 15 11 16
ORIGINALITY 1.2 1.1 0.6 1.4 0.9 2.2 1.2 0.7 0.9 1.4 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.5 3.3 0.9 2 2.5 1.8 2.7 3.7 1.7 2.1](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/acicd2015day03-150424004045-conversion-gate02/85/ACI-Design-Creativity-2015-Day-03-108-320.jpg)
![shape combinations (exploration, 1M steps) instances solutions by humans
{ 5,0,0,0,6 [3, 3, 4, 4, 4] } 253598 76%
{ 3,1,0,0,5 [3, 4, 6] } 160226 96%
{ 5,1,0,0,5 [3, 3, 3, 5, 5] } 94688 52%
{ 3,2,0,0,4 [3, 4, 7] } 49013 48%
{ 5,1,0,0,5 [3, 3, 4, 4, 5] } 28237 24%
{ 3,2,0,0,4 [4, 5, 5] } 23081 92%
{ 7,0,0,0,6 [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 6] } 12171 84%
{ 5,2,0,0,4 [3, 3, 4, 4, 6] } 4675 0%
{ 3,3,0,0,3 [4, 5, 6] } 1958 4%
{ 4,0,1,0,5 [3, 3, 4, 4] } 945 28%
{ 5,0,1,0,5 [3, 3, 3, 4, 4] } 775 28%
{ 4,1,1,0,4 [3, 3, 4, 5] } 395 20%
{ 3,1,1,0,4 [3, 4, 5] } 345 16%
{ 6,0,1,0,5 [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 5] } 214 36%
{ 3,1,1,0,4 [3, 3, 6] } 174 8%
{ 3,1,0,1,4 [3, 3, 5] } 171 24%
{ 5,1,1,0,4 [3, 3, 3, 4, 5] } 163 0%
{ 4,0,0,1,5 [3, 3, 3, 4] } 150 16%
{ 5,0,0,1,5 [3, 3, 3, 3, 4] } 121 12%
{ 4,1,1,0,4 [3, 4, 4, 4] } 75 0%
{ 4,1,0,1,4 [3, 3, 4, 4] } 68 4%
{ 3,2,1,0,3 [3, 4, 6] } 61 0%
{ 3,2,1,0,3 [4, 4, 5] } 23 0%
{ 4,2,1,0,3 [3, 4, 4, 5] } 11 0%
{ 3,2,0,1,3 [4, 4, 4] } 6 0%
{ 3,0,2,0,4 [3, 4, 4] } 5 44%
{ 4,0,2,0,4 [3, 3, 4, 4] } 3 8%
{ 5,0,2,0,4 [3, 3, 3, 3, 5] } 3 4%
{ 4,0,1,1,4 [3, 3, 3, 3] } 2 20%
{ 4,0,2,0,4 [3, 3, 3, 4] } 2 4%
{ 3,1,1,1,3 [3, 3, 4] } 1 0%
{ 4,1,2,0,3 [3, 3, 4, 5] } 1 0%
{ 5,0,2,0,4 [3, 3, 3, 3, 4] } 1 20%](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/acicd2015day03-150424004045-conversion-gate02/85/ACI-Design-Creativity-2015-Day-03-110-320.jpg)
![169
Functional Representation
1. System boundaries should be carefully chosen and used consistently (starting with BB)
2. All functions should be verb-noun-[modifier] (e.g. import electricity)
3. All functions should be independent of objects (nouns) in the device. (turn gears change energy)
4. All functions should be device functions, not user functions. (If unavoidable, double-box user
functions).
5. Prolific functions should be mapped with a ground symbol. (E.g. “dissipate heat” shown only once).
6. Combine redundant functions.
Completeness
1. Refine into as low-level functions as possible, without unnecessary detail.
2. Do functions adequately show fulfillment of given customer needs?
3. Do functions adequately show given flows traveling from entrance to exit?
4. Are the functions of each component in the product shown?
Cross-checks
1. Conservation of energy and mass, equilibrium of forces
2. Verify each flow has correct state and type (e.g. rotational energy)
3. Functions should be in sequence if dependent, and parallel if independent
Chapter 5 Otto and Wood “Product Design”, Pearson](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/acicd2015day03-150424004045-conversion-gate02/85/ACI-Design-Creativity-2015-Day-03-169-320.jpg)
Uploaded byR. Sosa
ACI Design Creativity 2015 Day 03
This document discusses creativity and design. It begins by providing background on design processes and methods, citing sources from various design firms and thinkers. It then discusses the importance of failure in design and innovation, noting that many successful products, businesses and inventors experienced numerous failures during development. The document encourages learning from failures of others, failing gracefully oneself, and using trial and error in the design process. It emphasizes reframing one's attitude towards failure as a learning opportunity. Overall, the document promotes an experimental and iterative approach to creativity and problem-solving.
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ACI Design Creativity 2015 Day 03
- 1. Creativity and Design Day3: How?
- 2. http://savic.cc/tag/feasibility/ http://www.wixomdesigns.com/architecture.php 1st centuryBC: firmitas, utilitas, venustas (technology, market, people) 31
- 4. Most people… •Believe thatfailure is wrong •Assume that success is failure-free •Associate failure with embarrassment •Fail twice: don’t learn once they fail •Fear failure (kiasu, ‘scared to lose’) •Dismiss, forget or hide their failures
- 5. ricardo_sosa@sutd.edu.sg “Babe” Ruth hit714 home runs in his career (1914-1935) He also struck out 1,330 times in his career http://www.flickr.com/photos/cliffbaise/4479440032
- 6. “Alfred Nobel wasfull of ideas; he said ‘If I have a thousand ideas a year, and only one turns out to be good, I am satisfied’. I, too, am full of ideas, and I would be satisfied with one good idea per year” Dr. Linus Pauling http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laure ates/1962/pauling-acceptance_en.html
- 7. Reflect What is yourattitude towards failure? How have you been educated to face failure? What could be positive about failing? “Your attitude towards failure determines your altitude after failure” - John C. Maxwell
- 8. undergradsuccess.comfunnie.st/458449/epic-sports-fails/3 “Fail Early, FailFast and Fail Often”32
- 9. Learn from others’mistakes Identify the numerous failures behind successful people / businesses Look for ‘trial and error’ processes (nature, science, society, etc.) Fail gracefully and honestly, don’t hide your failures http://www.digitaltrends.com/features/apples-worst-products-and-biggest-failures/
- 10.
- 11. “He failed businessventures, bankruptcy, and 302 rejections before finally receiving financing for Disney World” https://medium.com/the-everyday-epiphany/failures-who-changed-the-world-ea7839783de3
- 12. “Every single oneof these best-selling authors was initially rejected. Literary agents and publishers informed them in an endless stream of rejection letters that nobody would be interested in reading their book” http://www.literaryrejections.com/best-sellers-initially-rejected/ “The Mysterious Affair at Styles waited five years before publication having been rejected by six publishers” http://www.agathachristie.com/about-christie/ biography.com Agatha Christie J.K. Rowling Louis L’Amour Dr Seuss Jack Canfield & Mark Victor Hansen C.S. Lewis James Joyce Paulo Coelho J.D. Salinger Beatrix Potter Margaret Mitchell Irving Stone Stephenie Meyer H.G. Wells
- 13. Dr. Ricardo Sosa:sosa.ricardo@gmail.com
- 14. Try doing somethingnew, anything you haven’t tried so far Focus on your emotions toward error Overcome, learn, persist and replicate When and how is failure possible and important? Can you use failure as a valuable and feasible working ethos? What is the role of timing to turn failure into success?
- 16. Dr. Ricardo Sosa:sosa.ricardo@gmail.comhttp://thinkd.org/category/bad/ Not all failure is obvious
- 17.
- 18.
- 19.
- 20.
- 21.
- 22.
- 23. http://www.maelabs.ucsd.edu/mae3/handouts/design-process-Ullman.pdf von Hippel 1993/modified by: http://www.tuhh.de/tim/downloads/arbeitspapiere/Arbeitspapier_4.pdf
- 24.
- 25.
- 27. H Plattner, CMeinel & LJ Leifer (Eds.), Design Thinking: Understand–Improve–Apply. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer.
- 31.
- 32.
- 34. Funnel 1. Temporary choices:Overall process is convergent (hence funnel), but relies heavily on divergent decision-making 2. Successive approximations: Problem-solution coevolve together 3. Ideas are not light bulbs: Eureka! is less having the idea, and more understanding it 4. Clear vision: but remain flexible (pivoting) 5. No right/wrong responses, but more/less appropriate 6. Abductive reasoning: ban the phrase “prove it!” 7. F4: Fail early, fail cheap, fail often, fail different
- 35. “it goes frombeing a methodology to a mind-set” A shift in the way to think about work is required34
- 36.
- 37. objective, stable, strong,motion, action, conventional, impersonal, rules, natural, settlement, revolution
- 39. Frame: to arrangeor adjust for a purpose: ”The question was framed to draw only one answer”
- 42.
- 45.
- 46.
- 48.
- 49.
- 50.
- 51.
- 53.
- 54.
- 58.
- 60.
- 63.
- 64.
- 65. Dr. Ricardo Sosa:sosa.ricardo@gmail.com
- 66. Dr. Ricardo Sosa:sosa.ricardo@gmail.comhttp://arstechnica.com/apple/2014/09/smartwatch-wars-the-apple-watch-versus-android-wear-in-screenshots/
- 71. http://www.thedesignquest.com/post.php?id=2803 Miloš 'Mickey' Vujičićhttp://www.designscene.net/2013/03/mickey-egg-chair-by-milos-mickey-vujicic.html
- 72.
- 73.
- 74.
- 75.
- 76. The shape ofthings is a complicated business that goes beyond superficial appearances and arbitrary choices 35
- 77. Thomas Edison J. Utzon FrankGehry http://www.brookbanham.com/sketches A. G. Bell Key idea is: speed sketching is NOT about aesthetic quality, but seeing/thinking/communicating in more and flexible ways to represent ideas
- 78. Sketching is quiteuseful to organise your ideas
- 80. And you willuse it individually and in teams to generate ideas
- 81. Idea sketching isa basic ‘literacy tool’ for ideas (and has nothing to do with artistic drawing) 36
- 82.
- 83. Basic 2D Shapes •To draw freehand sketches • Train you to use pencils, pens and markers to draw sketches
- 85. 3. Basic 3Dshapes [15”]
- 86.
- 87.
- 90. Idea sketching helpsyou perceive the world37
- 91.
- 92.
- 93. Top and frontviews http://www.clker.com/cliparts/d/8/3/1/1310140523740641197apple-macbook-pro-mc374lla-13.3-inch-laptop-front-top-view-1.jpg http://www.hightech-edge.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/04/macbook-pro.jpg
- 94.
- 95. http://inhabitat.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2012/07/Marfa-10by10-Candid-Rogers-Architect-3.jpg Idea sketching helpsyou remember and analyse the world 38
- 96. Draw top andfront view of: http://www.bryanchina.com/BPB-250H%20Squares%20Square%20Bowl%20Porcelain.jpg
- 97. Draw 3 viewsof: http://www.piborg.com/images/TriBorg/TriBorg-PiCy-Full.png
- 98. Draw 3 viewsof: http://freshome.com/2013/06/10/table-with-a-twist-the-kaari-table-by-juhani-horelli/
- 99. Idea sketching helpsyou imagine new worlds39 Build something with:
- 102. Form Activity Draw abox (simple shape)
- 103. One of these shapesis called “buba”, the other “kiki”
- 106. Use 2 geometriesof 3 sides as initial shapes to generate as many unique compositions resulting in more than 2 final geometries 1 2 sample composition resulting in more than 2 shapes 1 2 3
- 107. Use 2 geometriesof 3 sides as initial shapes to generate as many unique compositions resulting in more than 2 final geometries this composition features: shape #1 = 6 sides shape #2 = 4 sides shape #3 = 3 sides how many unique compositions can you create combining 2 triangles? 3 2 1
- 108. g’ (s’1… s’n)s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s6 s7 s8 s9 s10 s11 s12 s13 s14 s15 s16 s17 s18 s19 s20 s21 s22 s23 s24 s25 y 3 [3,3,3] x 1 3 [3,3,4] x 1 3 [3,3,4] x 1 3 [4,5,6] x 1 4 [3,3,3,4] x 1 4 [3,3,4,4] x 1 5 [3,3,3,3,5] x 1 3 [3,3,4] x x 0.5 3 [3,3,6] x x 0.5 3 [3,4,5] x x 0.5 4 [3,3,3,4] x x 0.5 4 [3,3,4,4] x x 0.5 5 [3,3,3,3,4] x x x 0.3 3 [3,4,5] x x x x 0.25 4 [3,3,3,4] x x x x 0.25 4 [3,3,3,4] x x x x 0.25 4 [3,3,4,5] x x x x 0.25 3 [3,3,3] x x x x x 0.2 3 [3,3,5] x x x x x 0.2 4 [3,3,3,3] x x x x x 0.2 4 [3,3,4,5] x x x x x 0.2 5 [3,3,3,3,4] x x x x x 0.2 3 [3,3,5] x x x x x x 0.16 5 [3,3,4,4,5] x x x x x x 0.16 4 [3,3,4,4] x x x x x x x 0.14 5 [3,3,3,4,4] x x x x x x x 0.14 3 [3,3,4] x x x x x x x x x 0.11 6 [3,3,3,3,3,5] x x x x x x x x x 0.11 3 [3,4,4] x x x x x x x x x x x 0.09 3 [3,4,7] x x x x x x x x x x x x 0.08 3 [3,3,3] x x x x x x x x x x x x x 0.07 5 [3,3,3,5,5] x x x x x x x x x x x x x 0.07 4 [3,3,3,3] x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 0.07 5 [3,3,3,3,4] x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 0.07 5 [3,3,4,4,4] x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 0.05 7 [3,3,3,3,3,3,6] x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 0.04 3 [4,5,5] x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 0.04 FLUENCY 10 10 5 10 6 9 10 6 7 11 8 7 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 16 9 14 15 11 16 ORIGINALITY 1.2 1.1 0.6 1.4 0.9 2.2 1.2 0.7 0.9 1.4 0.8 1.1 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.5 3.3 0.9 2 2.5 1.8 2.7 3.7 1.7 2.1
- 109. Divergent reasoning iscore to creativity, it’s also damn difficult! 40
- 110. shape combinations (exploration,1M steps) instances solutions by humans { 5,0,0,0,6 [3, 3, 4, 4, 4] } 253598 76% { 3,1,0,0,5 [3, 4, 6] } 160226 96% { 5,1,0,0,5 [3, 3, 3, 5, 5] } 94688 52% { 3,2,0,0,4 [3, 4, 7] } 49013 48% { 5,1,0,0,5 [3, 3, 4, 4, 5] } 28237 24% { 3,2,0,0,4 [4, 5, 5] } 23081 92% { 7,0,0,0,6 [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 6] } 12171 84% { 5,2,0,0,4 [3, 3, 4, 4, 6] } 4675 0% { 3,3,0,0,3 [4, 5, 6] } 1958 4% { 4,0,1,0,5 [3, 3, 4, 4] } 945 28% { 5,0,1,0,5 [3, 3, 3, 4, 4] } 775 28% { 4,1,1,0,4 [3, 3, 4, 5] } 395 20% { 3,1,1,0,4 [3, 4, 5] } 345 16% { 6,0,1,0,5 [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 5] } 214 36% { 3,1,1,0,4 [3, 3, 6] } 174 8% { 3,1,0,1,4 [3, 3, 5] } 171 24% { 5,1,1,0,4 [3, 3, 3, 4, 5] } 163 0% { 4,0,0,1,5 [3, 3, 3, 4] } 150 16% { 5,0,0,1,5 [3, 3, 3, 3, 4] } 121 12% { 4,1,1,0,4 [3, 4, 4, 4] } 75 0% { 4,1,0,1,4 [3, 3, 4, 4] } 68 4% { 3,2,1,0,3 [3, 4, 6] } 61 0% { 3,2,1,0,3 [4, 4, 5] } 23 0% { 4,2,1,0,3 [3, 4, 4, 5] } 11 0% { 3,2,0,1,3 [4, 4, 4] } 6 0% { 3,0,2,0,4 [3, 4, 4] } 5 44% { 4,0,2,0,4 [3, 3, 4, 4] } 3 8% { 5,0,2,0,4 [3, 3, 3, 3, 5] } 3 4% { 4,0,1,1,4 [3, 3, 3, 3] } 2 20% { 4,0,2,0,4 [3, 3, 3, 4] } 2 4% { 3,1,1,1,3 [3, 3, 4] } 1 0% { 4,1,2,0,3 [3, 3, 4, 5] } 1 0% { 5,0,2,0,4 [3, 3, 3, 3, 4] } 1 20%
- 113. Low-score or invalidsolutions can lead to valuable and uncommon solutions Task: “to find 3 or more final geometries and shapes of 5 sides” a) solution {2,1,3,2,0 (3,6)} and b) solution {4,1,3,2,0 (3,3,4,5)} Bad ideas can be very valuable for creative ideation (richness is arguably more important) 41
- 114.
- 115. We see butwe don’t observe, we talk but don’t listen, we measure but don’t understand 42
- 116. significance interpretation intent express sense message value purpose meaning Richard Seymour: Howbeauty feels http://www.ted.com/talks/richard_seymour_how_beauty_feels.html
- 122. Chris Bangle: “Greatcars are Art” http://www.ted.com/talks/chris_bangle_says_great_cars_are_art.html “Cars are not a suit of clothes; cars are an avatar. Cars are an expansion of yourself: they take your thoughts, your ideas, your emotions, and they multiply it -- your anger, whatever. It's an avatar.” http://www.straitstimes.com/sites/straitstimes.com/files/coe%20chart%20large.html
- 123. http://significantobjects.com/about/ Original price: 99cents. Final price: $157.50
- 124.
- 125.
- 126. Rapid ethnography project •Religious items (faith, belonging, protection) • Vespa (achievement, independence) • House, flat, car (achievement, personality, security) • Soccer shoes (function), fountain pen from college (memories) • Glasses (function), hair gel (identity), oven (it’s complicated), Pokemon toy (hard to obtain) • Painting (confidence, self-esteem), ring last present given from his father (loneliness, reconciliation) • Portraits, rings, presents, blankets, suitcase, custom-made: book, pillows, journals, signed items (promises, attachment, relationships, memories from times, self and others) • Traditional musical instruments (authority, pride, belonging, giving) • Beyond objects: smells, ways of acquiring, spaces • Context, stories, past and memories, achievement, plans, items lost, from 8 to 90 years old (family members, colleagues, helpers), conscious effort of reflection, articulation and empathy, maker culture and ‘scars’, honest/accurate responses, future: investment or preparing something for children, giving and receiving, children more functional but even from young age (2): “mommy/daddy bought it”, things that lose vs. gain value over time.
- 127. • Accomplishment: achievinggoals • Beauty: appreciation of qualities that give pleasure to the senses or spirit • Community: sense of unity with others around us and a general connection • Creation: sense of having produced something new and original • Duty: willing application of oneself to a responsibility • Enlightenment: clear understanding through logic or inspiration • Freedom: sense of living without unwanted constraints • Harmony: balanced and pleasing relationship of parts to a whole • Justice: assurance of equitable and unbiased treatment • Oneness: sense of unity with everything around us • Redemption: atonement or deliverance from past failure or decline • Security: freedom from worry about loss • Truth: commitment to honesty and integrity • Validation: recognition of oneself as a valued individual worthy of respect • Wonder: awe in the presence of a creation beyond one’s understanding http://www.makingmeaning.org/meanings.html
- 129. Jan Chipchase: Designanthropology http://www.ted.com/talks/jan_chipchase_on_our_mobile_phones.html
- 133.
- 134.
- 135.
- 136.
- 137.
- 138.
- 139.
- 140.
- 141. Semantic Differential 1. Createa scale using polar adjectives (opposite-meaning terms) 2. Use as a guide three dimensions: strength, value, and activity 3. Ask subjects to rate an object or concept, assigning a mark on one of the five (or seven) spaces along each dimension 4. Positive and negative attributes should be varied from left to right http://psychology.ucdavis.edu/sommerb/sommerdemo/scaling/semdiff.htm
- 142. Shang H Hsu,Ming C Chuang, Chien C Chang, A semantic differential study of designers’ and users’ product form perception, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, Volume 25, Issue 4, May 2000, Pages 375-391
- 145.
- 146.
- 147.
- 148.
- 149. Target users foundthis product irrelevant (meaning is weak, unclear or hard to justify) Target users find this product vital (meaning is strong, clear or easy to justify)
- 150. http://socialinformaticsblog.com/2012/11/13/the-ethics-of-design-in-increasingly-complex-situations-the-case-of-a-broken-voting-machine/ “A failing of functionalityindicts the designer on charges of poor craftsmanship, while a failure of procedure points to general ineptitude” Working right vs. Doing the right thing www.youtube.com/watch?v=4XiWuxYHivU
- 151.
- 153.
- 155.
- 157.
- 158.
- 159. http://www.deanamcdonagh.com/drd.pdf Empathy is afull-body experience44
- 160. Decomposing a productinto functions Function: “a statement of a clear, reproducible relationship between the available input and the desired output –independent of any specific form” Chapter 5 Otto and Wood “Product Design”, Pearson
- 162. Chapter 5 Ottoand Wood “Product Design”, Pearson
- 163. Chapter 5 Ottoand Wood “Product Design”, Pearson
- 164. Chapter 5 Ottoand Wood “Product Design”, Pearson
- 165. Chapter 5 Ottoand Wood “Product Design”, Pearson
- 169. 169 Functional Representation 1. Systemboundaries should be carefully chosen and used consistently (starting with BB) 2. All functions should be verb-noun-[modifier] (e.g. import electricity) 3. All functions should be independent of objects (nouns) in the device. (turn gears change energy) 4. All functions should be device functions, not user functions. (If unavoidable, double-box user functions). 5. Prolific functions should be mapped with a ground symbol. (E.g. “dissipate heat” shown only once). 6. Combine redundant functions. Completeness 1. Refine into as low-level functions as possible, without unnecessary detail. 2. Do functions adequately show fulfillment of given customer needs? 3. Do functions adequately show given flows traveling from entrance to exit? 4. Are the functions of each component in the product shown? Cross-checks 1. Conservation of energy and mass, equilibrium of forces 2. Verify each flow has correct state and type (e.g. rotational energy) 3. Functions should be in sequence if dependent, and parallel if independent Chapter 5 Otto and Wood “Product Design”, Pearson
- 171. Functional and activityanalysis can become valuable synthesis tools too 45
- 172. Dr. Ricardo Sosa:sosa.ricardo@gmail.com
- 173.
- 174.
- 175. Good ‘chindogus’ aremore than just funny, they can help think or see things differently 46
- 178.
- 179. Product Features: •Letter Lock™- Popular combination lock with easy to dial and remember 3-letter combinations •Easy to remember phrase included with each padlock for additional convenience •Extra wheels on-pack allows for greater personalization http://www.masterlock.com/
- 180. The Secret andBeauty of Ancient Chinese Padlocks Hong-Sen Yan, Hsing-Hui Huang http://140.116.71.92/lock/english/char.htm
- 181. http://www.datagenetics.com/blog/march32012/index.html 1876 CLARKE http://restraintsblog.blogspot.sg/2010/12/1876-clarke-10-letter-combination.html Nothingis strictly new, but new form+function+meaning is always possible 47