Ths anatomy unit 1 introduction notes (fall 2015)

1. ANATOMY
Unit 1 Notes:
Living
Organization

2. (1) Living Organization
• All living things are made of cells and
atoms/molecules.
• Levels of Organization:
– Atoms and Molecules
– Organelles and Cells
– Tissues
– Organs
– Organ Systems
– Organism

4. (2) Atoms, Molecules & Reactions
• The basis of all living things is atoms.
• All living things contain at least the following
biological elements:
C H O N P S
• All cellular processes are driven by energy
exchange and the movement and reacting of
different molecules.

7. (3) Homeostasis
• Involuntary processes and reactions are in place to
maintain Homeostasis within cells.
• Homeostasis = Internal stability / balance.
• Examples:
– Shivering when cold.
– Production of red blood cells when oxygen drops.
– Buffering of acidic foods using bicarbonate.

8. (4) Nervous System
• Function:
– Controls all other organ systems.
– Allows you to respond to changes/stimuli.
– Allows you to maintain homeostasis.
• Made Up Of:
– Brain
– Spinal Cord
– Nerves
– Neurons

10. (5) Lymphatic System
• (A.K.A. The Immune System)
• Function:
– Protect body against harmful infectious agents +
compounds.
• Made Up Of:
– White Blood Cells
– Antibodies and Antigens
– Lymph Vessels, Nodes, and Fluid

12. (6) Cardiovascular System
• Function:
– Work with the respiratory system to circulate gases.
– Pump nutrients throughout the body to working
tissues.
• Made Up Of:
– Heart
– Blood Vessels
– Blood + Blood Cells

14. (7) Respiratory System
• Function:
– Work with the cardiovascular system to circulate gases.
– Bring oxygen into body + expel carbon dioxide.
• Made Up Of:
– Nasal Cavity
– Trachea + Bronchioles
– Lungs
– Diaphragm

16. (8) Skeletal System
• Function:
– Provide body support and mobility.
– Protect organs.
– Store minerals and growth hormones.
• Made Up Of:
– Bones
– Joints
– Cartilage

17. (9) Muscular System
• Function:
– Allow for body mobility by working with skeletal
system.
– Produce body heat.
– Allow for organ function and movement.
• Made Up Of:
– Muscle
– Ligaments + Tendons

19. (10) Digestive System
• Function:
– Break food into smaller pieces.
– Metabolize biomolecules within food.
– Absorb useful nutrients + expel waste.
• Made Up Of:
– Oral Cavity + Esophagus
– Stomach
– Small + Large Intestine
– Rectum + Anus

20. (11) Excretory System
• (A.K.A. The Urinary System)
• Function:
– Filter Blood.
– Remove excessive / harmful compounds within blood.
• Made Up Of:
– Kidneys
– Ureters
– Bladder
– Urethra

22. (12) Reproductive System
• Function:
– Pass genes on to produced offspring.
• Made Up Of:
– Male  Sperm, Testes, Penis
– Female  Eggs, Ovaries + Uterus, Vagina

24. (13) Endocrine System
• Function:
– Produce hormones.
– Control and initiate the progress of growth,
development, organ function, and reproduction.
• Made Up Of:
– Glands
– Hormones

25. (14) Integumentary System
• Function:
– Protect internal organs.
– Allow for increased manipulation.
– Increase heat barrier.
– Produce vitamins.
• Made Up Of:
– Skin
– Nails
– Hair