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ANATOMY
Unit 1 Notes:
Organ Systems
& Living
Organization
(1) Living Organization
• All living things are made of cells and
atoms/molecules.
• Levels of Organization:
– Atoms and Molecules
– Organelles and Cells
– Tissues
– Organs
– Organ Systems
– Organism
Anatomy: Unit 1 Introduction--Organ System and Organization
(2) Atoms, Molecules & Reactions
• The basis of all living things is atoms.
• All living things contain at least the following
biological elements:
C H O N P S
• All cellular processes are driven by energy
exchange and the movement and reacting of
different molecules.
Anatomy: Unit 1 Introduction--Organ System and Organization
Anatomy: Unit 1 Introduction--Organ System and Organization
(3) Homeostasis
• Involuntary processes and reactions are in place to
maintain Homeostasis within cells.
• Homeostasis = Internal stability / balance.
• Examples:
– Shivering when cold.
– Production of red blood cells when oxygen drops.
– Buffering of acidic foods using bicarbonate.
(4) Nervous System
• Function:
– Controls all other organ systems.
– Allows you to respond to changes/stimuli.
– Allows you to maintain homeostasis.
• Made Up Of:
– Brain
– Spinal Cord
– Nerves
– Neurons
Anatomy: Unit 1 Introduction--Organ System and Organization
(5) Lymphatic System
• (A.K.A. The Immune System)
• Function:
– Protect body against harmful infectious agents +
compounds.
• Made Up Of:
– White Blood Cells
– Antibodies and Antigens
– Lymph Vessels, Nodes, and Fluid
Anatomy: Unit 1 Introduction--Organ System and Organization
(6) Cardiovascular System
• Function:
– Work with the respiratory system to circulate gases.
– Pump nutrients throughout the body to working
tissues.
• Made Up Of:
– Heart
– Blood Vessels
– Blood + Blood Cells
Anatomy: Unit 1 Introduction--Organ System and Organization
(7) Respiratory System
• Function:
– Work with the cardiovascular system to circulate gases.
– Bring oxygen into body + expel carbon dioxide.
• Made Up Of:
– Nasal Cavity
– Trachea + Bronchioles
– Lungs
– Diaphragm
Anatomy: Unit 1 Introduction--Organ System and Organization
(8) Skeletal System
• Function:
– Provide body support and mobility.
– Protect organs.
– Store minerals and growth hormones.
• Made Up Of:
– Bones
– Joints
– Cartilage
(9) Muscular System
• Function:
– Allow for body mobility by working with skeletal
system.
– Produce body heat.
– Allow for organ function and movement.
• Made Up Of:
– Muscle
– Ligaments + Tendons
Anatomy: Unit 1 Introduction--Organ System and Organization
(10) Digestive System
• Function:
– Break food into smaller pieces.
– Metabolize biomolecules within food.
– Absorb useful nutrients + expel waste.
• Made Up Of:
– Oral Cavity + Esophagus
– Stomach
– Small + Large Intestine
– Rectum + Anus
(11) Excretory System
• (A.K.A. The Urinary System)
• Function:
– Filter Blood.
– Remove excessive / harmful compounds within blood.
• Made Up Of:
– Kidneys
– Ureters
– Bladder
– Urethra
Anatomy: Unit 1 Introduction--Organ System and Organization
(12) Reproductive System
• Function:
– Pass genes on to produced offspring.
• Made Up Of:
– Male  Sperm, Testes, Penis
– Female  Eggs, Ovaries + Uterus, Vagina
Anatomy: Unit 1 Introduction--Organ System and Organization
(13) Endocrine System
• Function:
– Produce hormones.
– Control and initiate the progress of growth,
development, organ function, and reproduction.
• Made Up Of:
– Glands
– Hormones
(14) Integumentary System
• Function:
– Protect internal organs.
– Allow for increased manipulation.
– Increase heat barrier.
– Produce vitamins.
• Made Up Of:
– Skin
– Nails
– Hair

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Anatomy: Unit 1 Introduction--Organ System and Organization

  • 1. ANATOMY Unit 1 Notes: Organ Systems & Living Organization
  • 2. (1) Living Organization • All living things are made of cells and atoms/molecules. • Levels of Organization: – Atoms and Molecules – Organelles and Cells – Tissues – Organs – Organ Systems – Organism
  • 4. (2) Atoms, Molecules & Reactions • The basis of all living things is atoms. • All living things contain at least the following biological elements: C H O N P S • All cellular processes are driven by energy exchange and the movement and reacting of different molecules.
  • 7. (3) Homeostasis • Involuntary processes and reactions are in place to maintain Homeostasis within cells. • Homeostasis = Internal stability / balance. • Examples: – Shivering when cold. – Production of red blood cells when oxygen drops. – Buffering of acidic foods using bicarbonate.
  • 8. (4) Nervous System • Function: – Controls all other organ systems. – Allows you to respond to changes/stimuli. – Allows you to maintain homeostasis. • Made Up Of: – Brain – Spinal Cord – Nerves – Neurons
  • 10. (5) Lymphatic System • (A.K.A. The Immune System) • Function: – Protect body against harmful infectious agents + compounds. • Made Up Of: – White Blood Cells – Antibodies and Antigens – Lymph Vessels, Nodes, and Fluid
  • 12. (6) Cardiovascular System • Function: – Work with the respiratory system to circulate gases. – Pump nutrients throughout the body to working tissues. • Made Up Of: – Heart – Blood Vessels – Blood + Blood Cells
  • 14. (7) Respiratory System • Function: – Work with the cardiovascular system to circulate gases. – Bring oxygen into body + expel carbon dioxide. • Made Up Of: – Nasal Cavity – Trachea + Bronchioles – Lungs – Diaphragm
  • 16. (8) Skeletal System • Function: – Provide body support and mobility. – Protect organs. – Store minerals and growth hormones. • Made Up Of: – Bones – Joints – Cartilage
  • 17. (9) Muscular System • Function: – Allow for body mobility by working with skeletal system. – Produce body heat. – Allow for organ function and movement. • Made Up Of: – Muscle – Ligaments + Tendons
  • 19. (10) Digestive System • Function: – Break food into smaller pieces. – Metabolize biomolecules within food. – Absorb useful nutrients + expel waste. • Made Up Of: – Oral Cavity + Esophagus – Stomach – Small + Large Intestine – Rectum + Anus
  • 20. (11) Excretory System • (A.K.A. The Urinary System) • Function: – Filter Blood. – Remove excessive / harmful compounds within blood. • Made Up Of: – Kidneys – Ureters – Bladder – Urethra
  • 22. (12) Reproductive System • Function: – Pass genes on to produced offspring. • Made Up Of: – Male  Sperm, Testes, Penis – Female  Eggs, Ovaries + Uterus, Vagina
  • 24. (13) Endocrine System • Function: – Produce hormones. – Control and initiate the progress of growth, development, organ function, and reproduction. • Made Up Of: – Glands – Hormones
  • 25. (14) Integumentary System • Function: – Protect internal organs. – Allow for increased manipulation. – Increase heat barrier. – Produce vitamins. • Made Up Of: – Skin – Nails – Hair