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At the beginning of
this academic year,
we start our AS
course, however,
before we carried
on through the
course, we needed
to know the ground
basis of studying
Media. In the
second week of
media, we learnt
about how to
analyse images in
greater depth. We
learnt about the
mise-en-scene.
Mise-en-scene is a
French terminology
for ‘putting on
stage’. This term
refers to
everything that is
in the scene. We
also learnt about
two useful words,
Denotation and
connotation.
Denotation refers
to the literal
meaning of a word
or image- what the
audience can
visually see.
Connotation refers
to the association
that are connected
to a certain word-
what the denotation
represents.
This image is a
point of view, long shot which indicates the girl is the main focus of
the image. The denotation of this image is a girl jumping in the
foreground, in a natural environment, in a green area, with the blue sky
and dark green trees in the background. The connotations of this image
are that the girl is very cheerful. This is referenced by the body
language, as she is jumping in the air. Her costume, dungarees and the
primary colours in this image symbolize her age and her youthful
characteristics. The clouds in the blue sky links to the girls costume
and so we can relate with the character and the situation. The
background, the green grass, the blue sky and the dark green trees
reflect a natural and tranquil mood. This image has been manipulated by
being edited with natural photo filters as the effect of this makes the
photo bolder and more valuable.
Analysing images
Colour filtering
The aim of this lesson was to become familiar
with the basic tools in Photoshop. In this
lesson we focused on colour filtering. As you
can see from these two images, colour
filtering adds a colour base to the image. I
experimented with this tool in Adobe
Photoshop. I took a sample photo of students
outside St Marylebone School. I did this on
Photoshop by duplicating the photo, in case I
made an error and I needed a back up. I
created a new layer, where I used different colour paint tool, which I
selected from the colour palette. I decided to do a rainbow effect so I
used the colours: red, blue, green, purple and yellow. At this point,
the paint tool covered the original photo, therefore, to blend the
colour with the image, I went on the layer toolbox on the right hand
side, and I changed the blending mode to soft light. This meant that
when we colour it in using the paint tool, the image is still visible
through the colours.
This tool can be useful for my magazine as I will have a set colour
scheme, therefore, I can use colour filtering so my scheme colour
and main photo correspond with each other. This tool makes the
image much more interesting to the viewer and attracts a wider
audience.
Adobe Photoshop basics
Editing and enhancing
Our focus on this lesson was editing and
enhancing an image on Adobe Photoshop,
specifically concentrating on the cloning and
eraser tool. I used this sample image of a
close up of a woman’s face. As you may be able
to see, her features are rough and unedited.
The aim of this experiment was to remove her
blemishes and soothe her face. Firstly, open
this image on Photoshop and I duplicated this
layer, in case I made any errors whilst
editing. I zoomed into her face and I selected
the spot healing tool and placed the tool over
her blemishes and spots. Her blemishes and
spots are replaced with the surrounded
background which blends the skin together.
Then, I selected filter on the top tool bar and selected gausaim blur. I
had to be careful using this tool, as I didn’t want to blur the image
too much, otherwise I wouldn’t be able to see her features. Therefore, I
adjusted the settings and used blur 1.0. The gausaim blur blend the
image to smoothen the face. The next step was to erase the eyes, lips,
nose ring and earring from
the new layer, so that it
appears much sharper. This
makes the image more
realistic and
professional. This was the
basic layer completed. I
decided to change the
colour of her eyes and
hair. A similar technique
is used to change the
colour of her eyes, like
we used the colour
filtering effect. A
created a new layer and I
selected the brush tool. I
chose the colour which I
wanted to use and I had to
adjust the brush to the
size of her pupil. Once I
selected the colour and
size, I clicked the brush
over her eyes. However,
this tends to cover her
eyelashes so I erased the
brush so I was able to see
her eyelashes. I changed the blending mode to soft light and I adjusted
the opacity to make the eyes look realistic and transparent. In order to
change her hair colour I create an adjustment layer and selected on
hue/saturation layer. I grouped this layer with the previous layers and
selected the tick box which read colourize. I adjusted the hue and
saturation bar to get the right colour.
Adobe Photoshop basics
Fonts and their usages
Sans serif is a typeface that does not have the small features
called ‘serifs’ at the end of strokes. An example is this font
called Gill Sans Mt. A sans serif font is suitable for writing
essays and annotations. Sans serif fonts are good for bold
headings and master-heads. This typeface can be light or
heavy, depending on the emphasis of the text.
A serif font is a type of font with short, light lines or curves called
serifs projecting from the top or bottom of a main stroke of a letter.
Serif typefaces are used for body text because it is more legible than
sans-serif fonts. Serif fonts give a professional finish to a magazine.
An example of a serif font is this current font, called Cambria.
Script typefaces are based upon the varied and often fluid stroke
created by handwriting. This font is called Monotype Corsiva which is
an example of a script typeface. Script typefaces add elegance to the
product, for example, script fonts are often used to create a sense of
luxury on product packaging. However, they are unclear when the font
size is small. Therefore, script typefaces are appropriate for short and
big phrases or words.
Grunge font refers to eroded font. For example,
Hurry Up is a grunge font as this typeface is
neither serif nor a sans serif font. Users use a
grunge font to advertise a particular subject.
Grunge fonts can also be used depending on the
theme and content of the magazine, for example, a
grunge typeface would work well with a music
magazine.
A
A
A
A
In this lesson we were asked to compare two
school magazines. I chose these two magazines
because both magazines contrast each other which
makes it an interesting analysis. This magazine
is has a formal layout which addresses that the
school is posh and well established. The mood
translated in this shot is tranquil and soothing.
The image used on the front cover of this
magazine is a point of view long camera shot. A
point of view shot shows a view from the
subjects’ perspective, therefore we can seduce
that the subject are the parent or guardian of
the pupils at this school. The colours used in
this shot relate to the colours of the school
logo which creates an impact as the page design
complements one another. This image has been
edited, and the brightness has been adjusted so
the logo and the master-head stand out from the
page. The effect of this is that users are
attracted to the magazine. All the text has been
aligned to the centre, so as the eyes flows the ‘C’ or ‘S’ shape on the page,
the eyes are naturally drawn to the name and logo of the school, which is their
first impression. The text ‘royal’ is bigger in size than the rest of the text,
this is significant as ‘royal’ relates to the royal family, who are posh. The
colours blue and red symbolise wealth, and these colours have been tinted in
the image. The font used is Serif which communicates that this magazine is
formal and intellectual. However, my magazine will be informal as the target
audience is different. The majority of students will choose a magazine which is
vibrant and informal which will grab their attention.
The second magazine I chose, contrasted the first
one I selected. This magazine is informal and
therefore attracts youths. The shot used to
capture this frame is a low angle close up camera
shot. A low angle shot is a camera angle that
looks up at a subject or an object. This can be
used to create an impression of higher status and
authority. Specifically in this shot, we can
suggest that students want their voices to be
heard. Therefore, this shot attracts the users
because being students; we are portrayed as
dominant and intimidating. The importance of
using a sepia effect on the image suggests a
flashback or past memory which is being reflected
on. The sepia tone creates a warm, antique
feeling which will attracts users because sepia
or black and white images call a larger voice
than colour images. In addition, the white
master-head is bold and stands out. The kickers
in this magazine are aimed at different
audiences. For example, the kicker ‘got the holy
spirit’ will aim at religious people, however, the title is unusual, therefore
this addresses to a wider audience. On the other hand, the kicker, ‘music
review’, will attract musicians and those who are interested din the music
industry. The date line is written on the top right hand corner as this is the
standard formatting in most magazines. The reason for this is that the eyes
start from the right hand corner and flows down in a ‘C’ shape and stop in the
bottom right hand corner. Therefore, the date is crucial as the users will want
the latest issue. The overall design and layout of this front cover is flowing
and appeals to a greater audience.
Comparing school magazines
Agency name Sweet sixteen
Model Debbie Onyemelukwe
Hattie Upton-Dance
Tibyaan Nassir
Penny Nakan
Camera
height/angle/distance
Low angle shot
Long shot
Eye line point of view
Location St Marylebone school for girls
Taken outside school building, in
local park
Lighting Natural lighting (sunlight)
Mise-en-scene (inc. Props,
costume)
Book/folder
Normal/casual costume
Results paper
Attempted connotation Studying hard concludes to good
grades, especially in a-level
where a lot of work is necessary.
There are different resources
which students can refer to
strengthen their knowledge. This
is why I have used books and
folders in my photo-shoot- to
communicate this idea indirectly
to my target audience. the final
connotation which I would like to
express is don’t always think
about appearance and ‘coolness’ –
rather focus on studying which
will take you further in life,
rather than following the ‘flow’
of the current generation.
Planned denotation Four students jumping in the air
with their results paper or
folder/book. In the background
there is the natural setting of
the green trees and to the left
alignment of the photo-shoot
there is a building which
suggests there is a school or
some type of teaching facility.
Contingency (model
absence/weather)
If the weather is poor, I will
use an indoor location, inside
school, preferably in the school
hall, as it is more spacious and
free. In case of model absence, I
will continue with my photo shoot
with three students or use my
substitute model, Jessica Murphy.
Thinking points Rule of thirds,
challenging/abiding conventions.
Photo-shoot planning
Planning the front cover image
In this lesson, I
took multiple photos
for my school
magazine front
cover. My original
idea was to have a
shot of four
students jumping in
the air with their
GCSE results.
However, I realised
that if my school
magazine will be
portrait, this frame
shot would not work.
So instead I decided
to stick with two
students in my shot.
As you can see in my
first shootout, the
frame is not
interesting and it
does not attract to
a wide audience.
Furthermore, if I
was to place that
image in a magazine,
I would not be able
to add an attractive
layout as the focus
is in the middle of
the shot. Therefore
I considered a shot
which would appeal and of which the focus
point is right aligned. I decided to have two
students jumping in the, one with a book and
the other with her results. Is image is more
effective as I have chosen a better scenery.
This shot is a high angle long shot. The
denotations of this image are two students
jumping in the air with books and results on
the road, near a park and school. The
connotation of this if you study hard then
good results are waiting. Also, the book
symbolises that you need access to different
resources to help you gain more knowledge. I
felt that this task was rather successful,
however, there were some aspects which I
intend to change in the future. Next time, I
would consider the costume, for example if the
girls wore uniform or smart clothing, the
connotation would be spread stronger and the image would be bolder.
However, I like the scenery as the background is walking into the
distance.
Photo-shoot
Sweet Sixteen
Make your stand
One step higher
Are you tired
After passing through
Want your voice to be heard?
the summer exams,
are you struggling to cope
with a-level life?
of always listening
to teacher babble?
Well now is your
chance to seek
sweet revenge
Welcome to my
October 2010
MOCK UP
School magazine mock up
MASTERHEAD
EXPLANTORY
TEXT
LEFT THIRD ALIGNED MAIN COVER LINE
DATE LINE
KICKER
EXPLANTORY
TEXT
KICKER
When I create my magazine cover, I will use one font only but I will use different sizes and formats
with the font to keep the audience engaged. The master-head will be bold and will be size 41. I do not
want it to be really big otherwise it will cover the main picture. However, I need to ensure that the
master-head sticks out so the users know what magazine they are purchasing. The date-line will be in
the top right hand side, when I did my research most magazine use the standard format, therefore, if I
use it, it will make my work look professional. I will have two kickers. ‘Make your stand’ will be size
16. ‘Your’ is bold and underlined because it addresses and engages the audience. Therefore, this will
attract them to read my magazine. Underneath the kicker I have written an explanatory text. I have
briefly summarized what the article will be about. I have used a rhetorical question to grab the
attention of the user so they purchase this magazine. This will be size 11. My second kicker is ‘one
step higher’. I have used an unusual kicker to attract my target audience. I have underlined ‘one’
because I want to reassure students not to stress. The size of this kicker will be size 20 and the
explanatory text will be size 11. Again, I have used a rhetorical question to address students. I have
used a logical question which applies to all students, regardless of age, religion or sex. My main
cover line will be size 20 because it needs to stand out. I have highlighted ‘your’ to communicate to
students so I can make the text believable. The main picture, in the background, will be black and
white. However, the main focus is on the two students in the foreground. Therefore, I will make them
stand out by having colour on the focus point. I have chosen Lucida Console as my main font because it
is an interesting typeface which not many people would use, therefore this will make my magazine
unique. I have used code of convention such as the left alignment and the classical ‘C’ shape eye flow
technique. This will make my magazine successful and appealing to my target audience.
Before I began to edit my photograph
on Photoshop, I duplicated the layer,
so I had a back-up in case I made any
errors. By having a back-up, this
saves me time from redoing all the
edits on the photo, therefore, this
saves time and work. I saved my work
regularly, to avoid having to waste
time on lost work. I changed the page
orientation to A4, as this will be
the size of my magazine, as it is
easy to carry around and the size
will be suitable
for the users. I
started editing
my duplicate
layer by using
the brush tool. This tool is used to paint on the photo
which has been selected, on the chosen layer. This tool can
be used to fill in a layer with a colour chosen from the
palette or it can be used to paint brush strokes with
different colours which have to
select individually from the
paint palette. I used the paint
palette to select what I colour I
wanted to use, I clicked on set
foreground colour and I selected
white. I then had to choose to select
which type of paint brush I wanted to
use- each brush had a different
technique. As I wanted a normal brush,
I chose to use the blending brush. And
I changed the settings so I had a big
brush so the strokes were big as this
was a quick method. I decided to use
this tool instead of the
paint bucket because I
was able to control where
the white paint went on
the image. Therefore, I
had control over the image. This tool is effective
because there are different dynamics which can be
applied and for different purposes, therefore it is
convenient for everyone, and it can be used for any
purpose. In the bottom right hand corner, there is
a box where you can edit the layers. I selected on
the layer which I was currently using and I changed
the blending modes to see a preview of how my photo
would look like with those
effects. I decided to use
saturation. This turned my
image from colour to black and
white. However, I changed the
opacity so that the photo wasn’t
fully black and white, as I
wanted a hint of colour to attract my target audience. I
used the eraser tool to erase the two girls jumping in the
foreground. I chose to do this effect because it would bring
more focus to the foreground which will appeal to the
audience and it will bring emphasis to my magazine.
Photoshop
This tool is appropriate because it erases the areas which are unwanted on the
selected layer. This tool is significant and I used it because I could change
the size of the eraser and I could select different dynamics. For this
particular image, I used the blending eraser because I wanted the colour to
blend into the background rather than using the block eraser which will mark a
line around the areas I have erased. Therefore, this tool creates an impact on
my production, because it makes my magazine
cover look more professional and appealing for
my target audience. I have finished editing my
background image, so the next stage was to add
the text for my magazine. The text indicates
and represents the genre and content of the
magazine. These are illustrated by the code of
conventions, such as the master head, kickers
and explanatory text. The add text to my front
cover of my magazine, I used the horizontal
type tool. I created a new layer, as if I wanted to move the text around, I
wouldn’t move the previous layer as well. I clicked on where I wanted the text
to be positioned and I started to type my master head- the name of my magazine.
I highlighted the text so I could change the formatting of the text. This
toolbar includes all the font facilities I need. This is useful as I will
remember to check all these settings before I carry on creating my magazine
front cover. I changed the font to Lucida Console as shown in my mock up which
I created to plan my magazine. I changed the font size and I made the typeface
bold so it was bolder. This made it easier to read and understand. I used the
eyedropper tool to select the shade of pink I wanted. This tool is significant
as it allows the user to select a particular colour which exists on the image
chosen. I used this tool by highlighting the text and using the eyedropper tool
to find the colour I wanted from my background layer. I selected the shade of
pink I wanted from the pink folder shown in the girls’ hand. I decided to use
this tool because I wanted the colours to match; therefore the master head
colour complements the pink folder.
Photoshop
First draft
This is the first
draft of my school
magazine. I created
my magazine with
referral to my mock
up plan. I got
feedback from my
peers to see what I
could improve to make
my school magazine
more appealing and
professional. I
received both
positive and negative
criticism. The
feedback I received
from my test buddy
was significant as it
helped me make my
magazine more
efficient. And it
also helped me
acknowledge was my
target audience are
attracted by, so I
can appeal to my
target audience.
Improvements:
1. Avoid the text covering the focal point in the background.
2. Add hint of colour to trees to make the photograph realistic
3. Make kicker size bigger than explanatory text
4. Make the text clearer and more visible
5. Limit the colour usage
Positives:
1. The focal point of the image is appealing
2. There is good eye flow
3. Greyscale effect is interesting and attracts a wide audience
4. Photograph relates to master-head, which reflects genre
I have abided by the code of convention in comparison to my first
draft. I have undertaken the criticism given by my test buddy and I
have changed my magazine according to what my target audience may
prefer. My texts are aligned on the left margin and I have followed the
eye flow ‘C’ shape to make it easier for users to follow. I have
limited the colours to pink and yellow. I have also added a date and
issue number to make my magazine front cover look more professional. I
rearranged the text so the text did not cover the image, I also changed
the size of the textboxes, to make it appropriate for a school
magazine.
Final magazine front cover
Model Shot
type/angle
/ distance
Macro/
Flash and
Lighting
Background Positioning
on TOC
Details of
editing
Hattie
Upton-
Dance,
Debbie
Onyemelukw
e, Tibyaan
Nassir,
Penny
Nakan,
Jessica
Murphy
Low angle,
long shot
Outdoors,
therefore
there will
be natural
lighting.
However, if
outdoors is
not possible
or if the
weather is
bad, I will
do my photo-
shoot inside
school at
the
reception
area. I will
then use
flash to add
to give the
same effect.
The location will
be outside of the
school gates,
which will read
‘St Marylebone
School’ on the
front of the
school building.
A group of
students will be
socialising. No
essential props
are needed;
however, the
costume must be
appropriate and
relevant for
school life.
Table of content
feature article
for ‘one step
higher’ as a-
levels is an
important and
rapid step from
lower school,
therefore
students meet
new people and
socialising is a
skill which has
to be improved
in order to
learn for coming
years and stages
in life.
Therefore, this
photo-shoot is
relevant for
this article
which will be
position in the
left column.
I will add an
effect to the
photograph by
changing the
blending mode.
Hattie
Upton-
Dance,
Tibyaan
Nassir
Median, over
the shoulder
shot
I will not
be using
artificial
lighting for
this
photograph.
Lighting
will come
from the
window,
natural
sunlight. If
flash is
necessary,
ensure
camera is at
least 1.5
metres away
from shot,
to avoid
over
exposure
The location will
be inside of
school, in the
corridors where
there are tables
and lockers. This
sets a school
atmosphere. Two
students will be
sat at a table
studying. Props
will include
water bottle,
books, paper,
glasses and
stationery.
Camera shot will
be taken from
shoulder of one
of the students.
There will be no
eye contact with
the camera, to
make the shot
seem realistic.
Table of content
feature article
about ‘one step
higher’ which is
an article which
gives advice for
students who
have started a-
levels. Position
article on left
column.
Photograph will
be faded using
Gaussian blur,
and I will use
the erase tool
to add focal
effect on the
student
studying. Add a
calm mood to the
photograph using
colour effect.
Additional photo-shoot for TOC
Agency name: Sweet Sixteen
Shoot Date: 11/10/10
Model Shot
type/angle
/ distance
Macro/
Flash and
Lighting
Background Positioning
on TOC
Details of
editing
Tibyaan
Nassir,
Debbie
Onyemelukw
e, Penny
Nakan
High angle,
long shot
Indoors,
flash will
be
necessary,
however I
will need to
ensure
camera is at
least 1.5
metres away
from shot,
to avoid
over
exposure
The location will
be indoors.
Students will
stand in a circle
and they will be
holding hands and
stretching their
hand in the
circle. The
background will
be simple. A high
angle shot will
be taken so the
floor will only
by visible. No
props are needed
Table of content
feature article
for ‘make your
stand’.
Positioned on
left column.
I will add
colour effect to
this Photoshop
to enhance the
image.
Tibyaan
Nassir
Point of
view, long
shot
Indoors
therefore, I
will need
flash,
however I
need to
ensure the
camera is
1.5 metres
away from
the shot to
prevent over
exposure
Location will be
in the school
atmosphere, in
the building.
Preferably
leaning against a
right painted
wall with
furniture if
possible. Student
will stand with a
smile and holding
her thumbs up.
Possible props
could included
glasses if
possible
otherwise not
essential.
Table of
content, image
positioned on
the right
alignment of the
page.
Enhance the
image so
attention is
drawn on the
vibrant colour.
Adjust
brightness and
shadows.
Hattie
Upton-
Dance
High angle
shot
Indoors, in
a classroom
with natural
sunlight
coming from
the windows
In a classroom,
with desks,
chairs,
whiteboard etc,
student mimicking
teachers. Student
will be teaching
and sitting at
desk. Props
include glasses
and smart
clothing.
Photo elated to
article ‘make
your stand’.
Positioned on
the left column,
with photo in to
the right.
Edited in
Photoshop,
specific editing
not specified
yet.
Additional photo-shoot for TOC
Agency name: Sweet Sixteen
Shoot Date: 11/10/10
My photo shoot did not go according to what I had planned as I had to tackle against
illness. Therefore, I had to use the substitute plan of taking photos of groups of
students in different positions. As this was a last minute plan which I had to amend,
I chose to use students in a group, as I couldn’t rely on the models I intended to
use, due to time management. I took numerous photos when I saw different groups of
students, these photographs were not planned. However, the outcome was quite
successful.
Selecting photos for my TOC
Rejected photos
I will not use this photo because it
is blurred, therefore my target
audience will not be able to relate
to the illustrations, which will
disinterest users and my table of
content page will look unprofessional
and I will not meet the requirements
of my target audience.
I rejected this photo which I took of
students socialising because the
image was very dark and I did not
like the composition as I thought
this wouldn’t appeal to my audience.
I have also angled the camera to high
which makes assess the mise-en-scene.
These are the photos I will use for my
table of contents page
I chose this image
because it represents
my theme of studying.
Therefore I will use
this in my TOC as it
will encourage users
that when it comes to
education, many people
stay focused.
I chose this image
because it represents
a community and
relates to my kickers
on the front page. It
also clarifies that
genre of this
magazine, as the image
states the school
name.
I chose this image as
I will edit the
background so it
blends in. This is
good for illustration
as it shows that this
magazine is for
students.
This is my final
image I selected
as it is clear
and full of
vibrant colours
which will be
attractive. It
also shows people
socialising which
will be relevant
for my articles.
Introducing line
Master-head
Image 1
Image 2
Image 4
Image 3
Page
numbers
Page
numbers
Page
numbers
Editorial pillar
Editorial pillar
Editorial pillar
The introducing line will be ‘welcome to my’ as this will be the same as my
front cover, therefore will be a relation with the TOC and front page. I will
use the same font, Lucida console and colour, yellow however I will change the
size of the font to 32 so it stand out and appeals to my audience.
The master-head will be the same
colour so name of the agency can be
well recognized. Therefore the colour
of the font will be pink and the size
of the text will be 52 so the agency
name strikes on the page.
Editorial pillar indicate more information about the kickers on the front page.
This gives the users a brief summary of what they will expect from the articles. I
will keep the editorial pillars the same as my front cover. I will use the font
Lucida Console, size 16. The text will be identical the front cover.
These images will be edited on
Photoshop, using the cookie
cutter. I will use the photos
I have selected for my TOC and
cut a puzzle shape. This will
make my layout more
interesting and appealing,
which will attract my target
audience.
I will use page numbers
to indicate the pages
which the article will be
written on. This will
make it efficient for the
users to refer to. The
page numbers will be big
and bold and I will use
the colour pink to make
the page numbers attract
the user’s eyes.
Image for will be
cut using the
cookie cutter in a
shape of a semi
circle. I will
edit the image to
there is a white
background so the
image blends into
the background.
MOCK UP
I used Photoshop to create my table of contents.
I have used similar tools which I used to create
my front cover of my magazine. I created a new A4
document which I will work on to create my table
of contents page. I inserted this image into
Photoshop where I enlarged the image to get the
right size. I then selected the
eraser tool which
is a tool to delete
areas of a picture
manually. I used
this tool to remove
the background, so I had people
walking. I removed the background
because I wanted the image to blend
with the white background which would
have the layout more effective. I
duplicated this layer so I could work
on top of the
original image;
therefore if I make any
errors, I have a backup
which I can refer to.
However, I duplicated this
image, so I could change the
effects of the photograph I
took. I will then use the
eraser tool to erase the
second layer, where I do not
want to apply the effect.
Therefore, by duplicating
the image, I can have the
original format of the image
below, this will blend the
two effects together and it
will look professional. I
selected the colour white
from the paint palette and I
used the brush tool to paint
over the area of the photo
which I wanted the change
the effects; I selected a
soft brush which enhanced
the strokes of the tool.
Therefore, this will
avoid obvious signs of editing which would cause an
unprofessional look. After I edited my image, I used the custom shape tool to
neaten up the edges on my current image. I selected an oval shape. I manually
set the size which I wanted; this was done by clicked down on the mouse and
moving the cursor over the shape until I got the right size. This
automatically cut the image into the shape I selected. This is an useful tool
as it neatens up the edges and it also adds different shapes to images to make
the layout more interesting.
Using Photoshop for my TOC
I used the horizontal type tool to add text to my
table of contents page. I used this tool to add my
editor pillars, the master-head and the placements.
I referred back to
my magazine front
cover where I used the same style and
formatting. This included the font and colour
of my text. The font I will use for my magazine is Lucida Console. This is the
standard font which I have used for my magazine front cover. I will also
follow the theme colours of yellow, pink and black.
Using Photoshop for my TOC

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Media Studies - school magazine project

  • 1. At the beginning of this academic year, we start our AS course, however, before we carried on through the course, we needed to know the ground basis of studying Media. In the second week of media, we learnt about how to analyse images in greater depth. We learnt about the mise-en-scene. Mise-en-scene is a French terminology for ‘putting on stage’. This term refers to everything that is in the scene. We also learnt about two useful words, Denotation and connotation. Denotation refers to the literal meaning of a word or image- what the audience can visually see. Connotation refers to the association that are connected to a certain word- what the denotation represents. This image is a point of view, long shot which indicates the girl is the main focus of the image. The denotation of this image is a girl jumping in the foreground, in a natural environment, in a green area, with the blue sky and dark green trees in the background. The connotations of this image are that the girl is very cheerful. This is referenced by the body language, as she is jumping in the air. Her costume, dungarees and the primary colours in this image symbolize her age and her youthful characteristics. The clouds in the blue sky links to the girls costume and so we can relate with the character and the situation. The background, the green grass, the blue sky and the dark green trees reflect a natural and tranquil mood. This image has been manipulated by being edited with natural photo filters as the effect of this makes the photo bolder and more valuable. Analysing images
  • 2. Colour filtering The aim of this lesson was to become familiar with the basic tools in Photoshop. In this lesson we focused on colour filtering. As you can see from these two images, colour filtering adds a colour base to the image. I experimented with this tool in Adobe Photoshop. I took a sample photo of students outside St Marylebone School. I did this on Photoshop by duplicating the photo, in case I made an error and I needed a back up. I created a new layer, where I used different colour paint tool, which I selected from the colour palette. I decided to do a rainbow effect so I used the colours: red, blue, green, purple and yellow. At this point, the paint tool covered the original photo, therefore, to blend the colour with the image, I went on the layer toolbox on the right hand side, and I changed the blending mode to soft light. This meant that when we colour it in using the paint tool, the image is still visible through the colours. This tool can be useful for my magazine as I will have a set colour scheme, therefore, I can use colour filtering so my scheme colour and main photo correspond with each other. This tool makes the image much more interesting to the viewer and attracts a wider audience. Adobe Photoshop basics
  • 3. Editing and enhancing Our focus on this lesson was editing and enhancing an image on Adobe Photoshop, specifically concentrating on the cloning and eraser tool. I used this sample image of a close up of a woman’s face. As you may be able to see, her features are rough and unedited. The aim of this experiment was to remove her blemishes and soothe her face. Firstly, open this image on Photoshop and I duplicated this layer, in case I made any errors whilst editing. I zoomed into her face and I selected the spot healing tool and placed the tool over her blemishes and spots. Her blemishes and spots are replaced with the surrounded background which blends the skin together. Then, I selected filter on the top tool bar and selected gausaim blur. I had to be careful using this tool, as I didn’t want to blur the image too much, otherwise I wouldn’t be able to see her features. Therefore, I adjusted the settings and used blur 1.0. The gausaim blur blend the image to smoothen the face. The next step was to erase the eyes, lips, nose ring and earring from the new layer, so that it appears much sharper. This makes the image more realistic and professional. This was the basic layer completed. I decided to change the colour of her eyes and hair. A similar technique is used to change the colour of her eyes, like we used the colour filtering effect. A created a new layer and I selected the brush tool. I chose the colour which I wanted to use and I had to adjust the brush to the size of her pupil. Once I selected the colour and size, I clicked the brush over her eyes. However, this tends to cover her eyelashes so I erased the brush so I was able to see her eyelashes. I changed the blending mode to soft light and I adjusted the opacity to make the eyes look realistic and transparent. In order to change her hair colour I create an adjustment layer and selected on hue/saturation layer. I grouped this layer with the previous layers and selected the tick box which read colourize. I adjusted the hue and saturation bar to get the right colour. Adobe Photoshop basics
  • 4. Fonts and their usages Sans serif is a typeface that does not have the small features called ‘serifs’ at the end of strokes. An example is this font called Gill Sans Mt. A sans serif font is suitable for writing essays and annotations. Sans serif fonts are good for bold headings and master-heads. This typeface can be light or heavy, depending on the emphasis of the text. A serif font is a type of font with short, light lines or curves called serifs projecting from the top or bottom of a main stroke of a letter. Serif typefaces are used for body text because it is more legible than sans-serif fonts. Serif fonts give a professional finish to a magazine. An example of a serif font is this current font, called Cambria. Script typefaces are based upon the varied and often fluid stroke created by handwriting. This font is called Monotype Corsiva which is an example of a script typeface. Script typefaces add elegance to the product, for example, script fonts are often used to create a sense of luxury on product packaging. However, they are unclear when the font size is small. Therefore, script typefaces are appropriate for short and big phrases or words. Grunge font refers to eroded font. For example, Hurry Up is a grunge font as this typeface is neither serif nor a sans serif font. Users use a grunge font to advertise a particular subject. Grunge fonts can also be used depending on the theme and content of the magazine, for example, a grunge typeface would work well with a music magazine. A A A A
  • 5. In this lesson we were asked to compare two school magazines. I chose these two magazines because both magazines contrast each other which makes it an interesting analysis. This magazine is has a formal layout which addresses that the school is posh and well established. The mood translated in this shot is tranquil and soothing. The image used on the front cover of this magazine is a point of view long camera shot. A point of view shot shows a view from the subjects’ perspective, therefore we can seduce that the subject are the parent or guardian of the pupils at this school. The colours used in this shot relate to the colours of the school logo which creates an impact as the page design complements one another. This image has been edited, and the brightness has been adjusted so the logo and the master-head stand out from the page. The effect of this is that users are attracted to the magazine. All the text has been aligned to the centre, so as the eyes flows the ‘C’ or ‘S’ shape on the page, the eyes are naturally drawn to the name and logo of the school, which is their first impression. The text ‘royal’ is bigger in size than the rest of the text, this is significant as ‘royal’ relates to the royal family, who are posh. The colours blue and red symbolise wealth, and these colours have been tinted in the image. The font used is Serif which communicates that this magazine is formal and intellectual. However, my magazine will be informal as the target audience is different. The majority of students will choose a magazine which is vibrant and informal which will grab their attention. The second magazine I chose, contrasted the first one I selected. This magazine is informal and therefore attracts youths. The shot used to capture this frame is a low angle close up camera shot. A low angle shot is a camera angle that looks up at a subject or an object. This can be used to create an impression of higher status and authority. Specifically in this shot, we can suggest that students want their voices to be heard. Therefore, this shot attracts the users because being students; we are portrayed as dominant and intimidating. The importance of using a sepia effect on the image suggests a flashback or past memory which is being reflected on. The sepia tone creates a warm, antique feeling which will attracts users because sepia or black and white images call a larger voice than colour images. In addition, the white master-head is bold and stands out. The kickers in this magazine are aimed at different audiences. For example, the kicker ‘got the holy spirit’ will aim at religious people, however, the title is unusual, therefore this addresses to a wider audience. On the other hand, the kicker, ‘music review’, will attract musicians and those who are interested din the music industry. The date line is written on the top right hand corner as this is the standard formatting in most magazines. The reason for this is that the eyes start from the right hand corner and flows down in a ‘C’ shape and stop in the bottom right hand corner. Therefore, the date is crucial as the users will want the latest issue. The overall design and layout of this front cover is flowing and appeals to a greater audience. Comparing school magazines
  • 6. Agency name Sweet sixteen Model Debbie Onyemelukwe Hattie Upton-Dance Tibyaan Nassir Penny Nakan Camera height/angle/distance Low angle shot Long shot Eye line point of view Location St Marylebone school for girls Taken outside school building, in local park Lighting Natural lighting (sunlight) Mise-en-scene (inc. Props, costume) Book/folder Normal/casual costume Results paper Attempted connotation Studying hard concludes to good grades, especially in a-level where a lot of work is necessary. There are different resources which students can refer to strengthen their knowledge. This is why I have used books and folders in my photo-shoot- to communicate this idea indirectly to my target audience. the final connotation which I would like to express is don’t always think about appearance and ‘coolness’ – rather focus on studying which will take you further in life, rather than following the ‘flow’ of the current generation. Planned denotation Four students jumping in the air with their results paper or folder/book. In the background there is the natural setting of the green trees and to the left alignment of the photo-shoot there is a building which suggests there is a school or some type of teaching facility. Contingency (model absence/weather) If the weather is poor, I will use an indoor location, inside school, preferably in the school hall, as it is more spacious and free. In case of model absence, I will continue with my photo shoot with three students or use my substitute model, Jessica Murphy. Thinking points Rule of thirds, challenging/abiding conventions. Photo-shoot planning Planning the front cover image
  • 7. In this lesson, I took multiple photos for my school magazine front cover. My original idea was to have a shot of four students jumping in the air with their GCSE results. However, I realised that if my school magazine will be portrait, this frame shot would not work. So instead I decided to stick with two students in my shot. As you can see in my first shootout, the frame is not interesting and it does not attract to a wide audience. Furthermore, if I was to place that image in a magazine, I would not be able to add an attractive layout as the focus is in the middle of the shot. Therefore I considered a shot which would appeal and of which the focus point is right aligned. I decided to have two students jumping in the, one with a book and the other with her results. Is image is more effective as I have chosen a better scenery. This shot is a high angle long shot. The denotations of this image are two students jumping in the air with books and results on the road, near a park and school. The connotation of this if you study hard then good results are waiting. Also, the book symbolises that you need access to different resources to help you gain more knowledge. I felt that this task was rather successful, however, there were some aspects which I intend to change in the future. Next time, I would consider the costume, for example if the girls wore uniform or smart clothing, the connotation would be spread stronger and the image would be bolder. However, I like the scenery as the background is walking into the distance. Photo-shoot
  • 8. Sweet Sixteen Make your stand One step higher Are you tired After passing through Want your voice to be heard? the summer exams, are you struggling to cope with a-level life? of always listening to teacher babble? Well now is your chance to seek sweet revenge Welcome to my October 2010 MOCK UP
  • 9. School magazine mock up MASTERHEAD EXPLANTORY TEXT LEFT THIRD ALIGNED MAIN COVER LINE DATE LINE KICKER EXPLANTORY TEXT KICKER When I create my magazine cover, I will use one font only but I will use different sizes and formats with the font to keep the audience engaged. The master-head will be bold and will be size 41. I do not want it to be really big otherwise it will cover the main picture. However, I need to ensure that the master-head sticks out so the users know what magazine they are purchasing. The date-line will be in the top right hand side, when I did my research most magazine use the standard format, therefore, if I use it, it will make my work look professional. I will have two kickers. ‘Make your stand’ will be size 16. ‘Your’ is bold and underlined because it addresses and engages the audience. Therefore, this will attract them to read my magazine. Underneath the kicker I have written an explanatory text. I have briefly summarized what the article will be about. I have used a rhetorical question to grab the attention of the user so they purchase this magazine. This will be size 11. My second kicker is ‘one step higher’. I have used an unusual kicker to attract my target audience. I have underlined ‘one’ because I want to reassure students not to stress. The size of this kicker will be size 20 and the explanatory text will be size 11. Again, I have used a rhetorical question to address students. I have used a logical question which applies to all students, regardless of age, religion or sex. My main cover line will be size 20 because it needs to stand out. I have highlighted ‘your’ to communicate to students so I can make the text believable. The main picture, in the background, will be black and white. However, the main focus is on the two students in the foreground. Therefore, I will make them stand out by having colour on the focus point. I have chosen Lucida Console as my main font because it is an interesting typeface which not many people would use, therefore this will make my magazine unique. I have used code of convention such as the left alignment and the classical ‘C’ shape eye flow technique. This will make my magazine successful and appealing to my target audience.
  • 10. Before I began to edit my photograph on Photoshop, I duplicated the layer, so I had a back-up in case I made any errors. By having a back-up, this saves me time from redoing all the edits on the photo, therefore, this saves time and work. I saved my work regularly, to avoid having to waste time on lost work. I changed the page orientation to A4, as this will be the size of my magazine, as it is easy to carry around and the size will be suitable for the users. I started editing my duplicate layer by using the brush tool. This tool is used to paint on the photo which has been selected, on the chosen layer. This tool can be used to fill in a layer with a colour chosen from the palette or it can be used to paint brush strokes with different colours which have to select individually from the paint palette. I used the paint palette to select what I colour I wanted to use, I clicked on set foreground colour and I selected white. I then had to choose to select which type of paint brush I wanted to use- each brush had a different technique. As I wanted a normal brush, I chose to use the blending brush. And I changed the settings so I had a big brush so the strokes were big as this was a quick method. I decided to use this tool instead of the paint bucket because I was able to control where the white paint went on the image. Therefore, I had control over the image. This tool is effective because there are different dynamics which can be applied and for different purposes, therefore it is convenient for everyone, and it can be used for any purpose. In the bottom right hand corner, there is a box where you can edit the layers. I selected on the layer which I was currently using and I changed the blending modes to see a preview of how my photo would look like with those effects. I decided to use saturation. This turned my image from colour to black and white. However, I changed the opacity so that the photo wasn’t fully black and white, as I wanted a hint of colour to attract my target audience. I used the eraser tool to erase the two girls jumping in the foreground. I chose to do this effect because it would bring more focus to the foreground which will appeal to the audience and it will bring emphasis to my magazine. Photoshop
  • 11. This tool is appropriate because it erases the areas which are unwanted on the selected layer. This tool is significant and I used it because I could change the size of the eraser and I could select different dynamics. For this particular image, I used the blending eraser because I wanted the colour to blend into the background rather than using the block eraser which will mark a line around the areas I have erased. Therefore, this tool creates an impact on my production, because it makes my magazine cover look more professional and appealing for my target audience. I have finished editing my background image, so the next stage was to add the text for my magazine. The text indicates and represents the genre and content of the magazine. These are illustrated by the code of conventions, such as the master head, kickers and explanatory text. The add text to my front cover of my magazine, I used the horizontal type tool. I created a new layer, as if I wanted to move the text around, I wouldn’t move the previous layer as well. I clicked on where I wanted the text to be positioned and I started to type my master head- the name of my magazine. I highlighted the text so I could change the formatting of the text. This toolbar includes all the font facilities I need. This is useful as I will remember to check all these settings before I carry on creating my magazine front cover. I changed the font to Lucida Console as shown in my mock up which I created to plan my magazine. I changed the font size and I made the typeface bold so it was bolder. This made it easier to read and understand. I used the eyedropper tool to select the shade of pink I wanted. This tool is significant as it allows the user to select a particular colour which exists on the image chosen. I used this tool by highlighting the text and using the eyedropper tool to find the colour I wanted from my background layer. I selected the shade of pink I wanted from the pink folder shown in the girls’ hand. I decided to use this tool because I wanted the colours to match; therefore the master head colour complements the pink folder. Photoshop
  • 12. First draft This is the first draft of my school magazine. I created my magazine with referral to my mock up plan. I got feedback from my peers to see what I could improve to make my school magazine more appealing and professional. I received both positive and negative criticism. The feedback I received from my test buddy was significant as it helped me make my magazine more efficient. And it also helped me acknowledge was my target audience are attracted by, so I can appeal to my target audience. Improvements: 1. Avoid the text covering the focal point in the background. 2. Add hint of colour to trees to make the photograph realistic 3. Make kicker size bigger than explanatory text 4. Make the text clearer and more visible 5. Limit the colour usage Positives: 1. The focal point of the image is appealing 2. There is good eye flow 3. Greyscale effect is interesting and attracts a wide audience 4. Photograph relates to master-head, which reflects genre
  • 13. I have abided by the code of convention in comparison to my first draft. I have undertaken the criticism given by my test buddy and I have changed my magazine according to what my target audience may prefer. My texts are aligned on the left margin and I have followed the eye flow ‘C’ shape to make it easier for users to follow. I have limited the colours to pink and yellow. I have also added a date and issue number to make my magazine front cover look more professional. I rearranged the text so the text did not cover the image, I also changed the size of the textboxes, to make it appropriate for a school magazine. Final magazine front cover
  • 14. Model Shot type/angle / distance Macro/ Flash and Lighting Background Positioning on TOC Details of editing Hattie Upton- Dance, Debbie Onyemelukw e, Tibyaan Nassir, Penny Nakan, Jessica Murphy Low angle, long shot Outdoors, therefore there will be natural lighting. However, if outdoors is not possible or if the weather is bad, I will do my photo- shoot inside school at the reception area. I will then use flash to add to give the same effect. The location will be outside of the school gates, which will read ‘St Marylebone School’ on the front of the school building. A group of students will be socialising. No essential props are needed; however, the costume must be appropriate and relevant for school life. Table of content feature article for ‘one step higher’ as a- levels is an important and rapid step from lower school, therefore students meet new people and socialising is a skill which has to be improved in order to learn for coming years and stages in life. Therefore, this photo-shoot is relevant for this article which will be position in the left column. I will add an effect to the photograph by changing the blending mode. Hattie Upton- Dance, Tibyaan Nassir Median, over the shoulder shot I will not be using artificial lighting for this photograph. Lighting will come from the window, natural sunlight. If flash is necessary, ensure camera is at least 1.5 metres away from shot, to avoid over exposure The location will be inside of school, in the corridors where there are tables and lockers. This sets a school atmosphere. Two students will be sat at a table studying. Props will include water bottle, books, paper, glasses and stationery. Camera shot will be taken from shoulder of one of the students. There will be no eye contact with the camera, to make the shot seem realistic. Table of content feature article about ‘one step higher’ which is an article which gives advice for students who have started a- levels. Position article on left column. Photograph will be faded using Gaussian blur, and I will use the erase tool to add focal effect on the student studying. Add a calm mood to the photograph using colour effect. Additional photo-shoot for TOC Agency name: Sweet Sixteen Shoot Date: 11/10/10
  • 15. Model Shot type/angle / distance Macro/ Flash and Lighting Background Positioning on TOC Details of editing Tibyaan Nassir, Debbie Onyemelukw e, Penny Nakan High angle, long shot Indoors, flash will be necessary, however I will need to ensure camera is at least 1.5 metres away from shot, to avoid over exposure The location will be indoors. Students will stand in a circle and they will be holding hands and stretching their hand in the circle. The background will be simple. A high angle shot will be taken so the floor will only by visible. No props are needed Table of content feature article for ‘make your stand’. Positioned on left column. I will add colour effect to this Photoshop to enhance the image. Tibyaan Nassir Point of view, long shot Indoors therefore, I will need flash, however I need to ensure the camera is 1.5 metres away from the shot to prevent over exposure Location will be in the school atmosphere, in the building. Preferably leaning against a right painted wall with furniture if possible. Student will stand with a smile and holding her thumbs up. Possible props could included glasses if possible otherwise not essential. Table of content, image positioned on the right alignment of the page. Enhance the image so attention is drawn on the vibrant colour. Adjust brightness and shadows. Hattie Upton- Dance High angle shot Indoors, in a classroom with natural sunlight coming from the windows In a classroom, with desks, chairs, whiteboard etc, student mimicking teachers. Student will be teaching and sitting at desk. Props include glasses and smart clothing. Photo elated to article ‘make your stand’. Positioned on the left column, with photo in to the right. Edited in Photoshop, specific editing not specified yet. Additional photo-shoot for TOC Agency name: Sweet Sixteen Shoot Date: 11/10/10
  • 16. My photo shoot did not go according to what I had planned as I had to tackle against illness. Therefore, I had to use the substitute plan of taking photos of groups of students in different positions. As this was a last minute plan which I had to amend, I chose to use students in a group, as I couldn’t rely on the models I intended to use, due to time management. I took numerous photos when I saw different groups of students, these photographs were not planned. However, the outcome was quite successful. Selecting photos for my TOC Rejected photos I will not use this photo because it is blurred, therefore my target audience will not be able to relate to the illustrations, which will disinterest users and my table of content page will look unprofessional and I will not meet the requirements of my target audience. I rejected this photo which I took of students socialising because the image was very dark and I did not like the composition as I thought this wouldn’t appeal to my audience. I have also angled the camera to high which makes assess the mise-en-scene. These are the photos I will use for my table of contents page I chose this image because it represents my theme of studying. Therefore I will use this in my TOC as it will encourage users that when it comes to education, many people stay focused. I chose this image because it represents a community and relates to my kickers on the front page. It also clarifies that genre of this magazine, as the image states the school name. I chose this image as I will edit the background so it blends in. This is good for illustration as it shows that this magazine is for students. This is my final image I selected as it is clear and full of vibrant colours which will be attractive. It also shows people socialising which will be relevant for my articles.
  • 17. Introducing line Master-head Image 1 Image 2 Image 4 Image 3 Page numbers Page numbers Page numbers Editorial pillar Editorial pillar Editorial pillar The introducing line will be ‘welcome to my’ as this will be the same as my front cover, therefore will be a relation with the TOC and front page. I will use the same font, Lucida console and colour, yellow however I will change the size of the font to 32 so it stand out and appeals to my audience. The master-head will be the same colour so name of the agency can be well recognized. Therefore the colour of the font will be pink and the size of the text will be 52 so the agency name strikes on the page. Editorial pillar indicate more information about the kickers on the front page. This gives the users a brief summary of what they will expect from the articles. I will keep the editorial pillars the same as my front cover. I will use the font Lucida Console, size 16. The text will be identical the front cover. These images will be edited on Photoshop, using the cookie cutter. I will use the photos I have selected for my TOC and cut a puzzle shape. This will make my layout more interesting and appealing, which will attract my target audience. I will use page numbers to indicate the pages which the article will be written on. This will make it efficient for the users to refer to. The page numbers will be big and bold and I will use the colour pink to make the page numbers attract the user’s eyes. Image for will be cut using the cookie cutter in a shape of a semi circle. I will edit the image to there is a white background so the image blends into the background. MOCK UP
  • 18. I used Photoshop to create my table of contents. I have used similar tools which I used to create my front cover of my magazine. I created a new A4 document which I will work on to create my table of contents page. I inserted this image into Photoshop where I enlarged the image to get the right size. I then selected the eraser tool which is a tool to delete areas of a picture manually. I used this tool to remove the background, so I had people walking. I removed the background because I wanted the image to blend with the white background which would have the layout more effective. I duplicated this layer so I could work on top of the original image; therefore if I make any errors, I have a backup which I can refer to. However, I duplicated this image, so I could change the effects of the photograph I took. I will then use the eraser tool to erase the second layer, where I do not want to apply the effect. Therefore, by duplicating the image, I can have the original format of the image below, this will blend the two effects together and it will look professional. I selected the colour white from the paint palette and I used the brush tool to paint over the area of the photo which I wanted the change the effects; I selected a soft brush which enhanced the strokes of the tool. Therefore, this will avoid obvious signs of editing which would cause an unprofessional look. After I edited my image, I used the custom shape tool to neaten up the edges on my current image. I selected an oval shape. I manually set the size which I wanted; this was done by clicked down on the mouse and moving the cursor over the shape until I got the right size. This automatically cut the image into the shape I selected. This is an useful tool as it neatens up the edges and it also adds different shapes to images to make the layout more interesting. Using Photoshop for my TOC
  • 19. I used the horizontal type tool to add text to my table of contents page. I used this tool to add my editor pillars, the master-head and the placements. I referred back to my magazine front cover where I used the same style and formatting. This included the font and colour of my text. The font I will use for my magazine is Lucida Console. This is the standard font which I have used for my magazine front cover. I will also follow the theme colours of yellow, pink and black. Using Photoshop for my TOC