Identifying women with GDM is important because appropriate therapy can decrease maternal and fetal morbidity .
Can prevent two generations from developing diabetes in the future.
Identifying women with GDM is important because appropriate therapy can decrease maternal and fetal morbidity .
Can prevent two generations from developing diabetes in the future.
diabetes is very common disorder in all age group i.e from infancy to secondary childhood age so intake of good healthy diet is very important for the production of insulin which is needed for body for regular activities
When fetal head is delivered, but shoulders are stuck and cannot be delivered it is known as shoulder dystocia.
The anterior shoulder becomes trapped behind on the symphysis pubis, whilst the posterior shoulder may be in the hollow of the sacrum or high above the sacral promontory.
A comprehensive guide to the management of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy aimed at the primary care physician and based on latest evidenced based criteria. Includes information from latest studies such as HAPO study and ACHOIS, and involves guidelines from the IADPSG, ADA, WHO and Malaysia.
diabetes is very common disorder in all age group i.e from infancy to secondary childhood age so intake of good healthy diet is very important for the production of insulin which is needed for body for regular activities
When fetal head is delivered, but shoulders are stuck and cannot be delivered it is known as shoulder dystocia.
The anterior shoulder becomes trapped behind on the symphysis pubis, whilst the posterior shoulder may be in the hollow of the sacrum or high above the sacral promontory.
A comprehensive guide to the management of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy aimed at the primary care physician and based on latest evidenced based criteria. Includes information from latest studies such as HAPO study and ACHOIS, and involves guidelines from the IADPSG, ADA, WHO and Malaysia.
Introduction
In Australia, at least 17,000 women develop gestational diabetes every year –
you are not alone! The number of women developing gestational diabetes is
expected to grow significantly over the next few decades.
Gestational diabetes is associated with an increased risk of complications
in pregnancy and birth, as well as a greater likelihood of mother and child
developing type 2 diabetes later in life. The good news is that with good
management of gestational diabetes, these risks are significantly reduced.
There have been huge advances in the knowledge about the management
and treatment of gestational diabetes and the importance of a healthy lifestyle
in keeping gestational diabetes and its complications under control. This
booklet aims to provide you with information about gestational diabetes, how
to look after your gestational diabetes and where to get assistance if you
need it.
The booklet is not designed to take the place of the valuable advice you will
receive from your diabetes team. It is designed to help you learn as much as
you can about gestational diabetes and the importance of managing your
gestational diabetes and continuing to enjoy a healthy lifestyle after you have
had your baby.
We have the answers to your questions like, what is gestational diabetes, how is gestational diabetes diagnosed, or what causes gestational diabetes?
Liberty Medical
RECENT ADVANCES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES AND PRE-ECLAMPSIASyedfahidali
Gestational Diabetes is a highly prevalent condition, which has a great impact on maternal and fetal Health. It a condition triggered by metabolic adaption, which occurs during the second half of pregnancy. The aim of this review to discuss the advances in management of GDM, as well as their implications in the field, the issue of hyperglycemia in early pregnancy. Pre-eclampsia is a multisystemic disease characterized by the development of hypertension after 20 weeks of gestation, with the presence of proteinuria or, in its absence, of signs or symptoms indicative of target organ injury.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes that develops for the first time during pregnancy, when hormonal changes in the body affect insulin.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes that develops for the first time during pregnancy, when hormonal changes in the body affect insulin.
Our aim is to reduce morbidity and mortality related to Non communicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, Obesity, Cancer and lifestyle diseases among those least able to withstand the burden of the disease.
Gestational Diabetes is the most common as well as the very prevalent medical disorder in females of reproductive age group. It has got significant impact on future development of T2D as well as CVD in women.
DIABETES IS A PROGRESSIV DISEASE AND WE NEED TO STAY ONE STEP AHEAD OF THE DISEASE.WE HAVE TO TITRATE THE MEDICATIONS EVERY THREE MONTHS AND THE TIME IS NOT OUR FRIEND AS FAR AS THE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES IS CONCERNED
DYSPNOEA IS DEFINED AS THE UNDUE AWARENESS OF UNPLEASANT BREATHING.WHEN THERE IS AMIS MATCH BETWEEN THE AFFERENT VENTILATORY SIGNALS AND THE EFFERENT RESPIRATORY SIGNALS IN THE BRAIN WE MAY GET AN UNIGNORABLE FEELING FOR NEED OF MORE AND MORE OXYGEN.
Dyslipdaemia is common in diabetes and there is strong that cholesterl lowering improves cardiovascular outcomes ,even in patients with apparently unremarkable lipid profiles. The newly developed PCSK9 inhibitors are of great interest as they reduce LDL cholesterol by 50-70% independent of co medications and largely independent of the underlying dyslipidaemia.
Different types of vasculitis have characteristic patterns of blood vessel involvement.However vasculitis is a systemic illness.The symptoms of vasculitis depend on the particular blood vessels that are involved by the inflammatory process
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites.Our arsenal of antivirals is dangerously small.Currently available antivirals are mainly against Herpes,Hepatitis and AIDS viruses.The treatment of HCV has shifted away from the use of Peg-IFN towards oral antivirals.Preventive vaccination is the key to global control of viral infections.
Pleural effusion may be defined figuratively as the juice, oozing from the leaky lingerie of the lung. However the text book definition is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space due to disturbances in the forces that keep the pleural fluid economy in equilibrium...
SGLT2 INHIBITORS are very new therapeutic agents for the management of Type2 DM.They are very unique molecules and they donot cause hypoglycaemia or weight gain unlike many other OADs
The global epidemic and the d lightful vitaminRISHIKESAN K V
Roughly 1 billion people globally having low vitamin D levels. Scientists believe that lack of vitamin D is not only linked with rickets and osteomalacia but it plays a major role in heart disease ,Diabetes and cancers
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
17. Vad happens to the carbohydrates from the food? gdm Insulin from the pancreas - - - - - Fat/muscle cell Stored sugar in the liver (glycogen) Carbohydrates from food
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43. Women with gestational diabetes typically have normal blood sugar levels during the first trimester, allowing the body and body Systems of the fetus to develop normally.
44. The fact that you have gestational diabetes will not cause diabetes in your baby. However, your child will be at a higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes in adulthood and may get it at a younger age (younger than 30).
45. As your child grows, taking steps such as: eating a healthy diet, maintaining a healthy weight, and getting regular, moderate physical activity can help to reduce his or her risk. Macrosomic, or large-bodied babies are at higher risk for childhood and adult obesity.
46. Magnetic Resonance Image of Pregnancy Complicated by Diabetes Normoglycmia Hyperglycmia Jovanovic L et al. Am J Perinatol . 1993;10:432-437
63. Eating a healthy diet Meal Plans of 42 PBRC 2006 CHO counting With this meal plan, the number of grams of carbohydrates that is eaten at each meal or snack is counted to make sure that they are within a certain range. A meal plan may be very specific, allowing a specified amount at each meal or snack, or it may be more general, with a daily carbohydrate total. The exchange system The exchange system groups each food consumed into one of the following food groups: bread/starches, fruits, vegetables, proteins, milk, and fats. Each food within a group has very similar amounts of carbohydrate, fat, protein and calories, but the amounts of vitamins and minerals may vary. In this plan, the number of items from a food group that is eaten at each meal is counted. There is a designated amount for each group every day.
64. Eating a healthy diet to keep blood sugar in check: of 42 PBRC 2006 Eat meals and snacks on a regular schedule throughout the day Researchers recommend that women with gestational diabetes should eat at least three small-to-medium sized meals and two to four snacks every day. Eat smaller amounts of carbohydrates at each meal It is preferable to eat several small meals every day rather than one large meal. Carbohydrates will increase blood glucose level directly, therefore, eating a small amount of carbohydrates all through the day will help keep blood sugar from rising too high. Add a nighttime snack to your meal plan A snack of one or two servings of carbohydrates before bedtime will keep blood sugar at a healthy level during sleep. Some healthy examples could include: a piece of fruit, a handful of pretzels, or crackers.
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70. Role of moderate physical activity General Guidelines For Physical Activity gdm Do Don’t Participate in moderate and regular physical activity unless prohibited by a health care provider Get too tired while working out or doing physical activity Choose activities like swimming, that don’t require a lot of standing or balance Do any activity while lying on your back when you are in your 2 nd or 3 rd trimester of pregnancy Wear loose, light clothing that won’t cause excessive sweating or increased body temperature Perform activities in very hot weather Drink a lot of water before, during, and after your activity Perform activities that may bump or hurt your belly, or that may cause you to lose your balance Eat a healthy diet and gain the right amount of weight Fast (skip meals) or do physical activity when you are hungry Watch your level of exertion (Can you talk easily?) Over-exert yourself
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73. Maintain a healthy weight Weekly Rate Of Weight Gain gdm A weight gain of two pounds or more each week is considered high . Time Frame Expected Weight Gain In the first trimester of pregnancy (the first 3 months) Three to six pounds for the entire three months During the second and third trimester (the last 6 months) Between ½ and 1 pound each week If you gained too much weight early in the pregnancy Limit weight gain to ¾ of a pound each week (3 pounds each month) to help get your blood sugar level under control
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85. Neonatal Malformations Are Not Related to Type of Insulin 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 GDM Preexisting diabetes Regular human insulin Insulin lispro Congenital malformation rate (%) Bhattacharyya A et al. Q J Med. 2001;94:255-260 7.9% 6.6% 15.8% 3.8% N=213 N=97 P =0.79 P =0.16
86. Malformations Are Related to Glucose Not Type of Insulin Wyatt JW, Frias JL, Hoyme HE, Jovanovic L, et al. Congenital anomaly rate in offspring of pre-gestational diabetic women treated with insulin lispro during pregnancy. Diabetic Medicine 21:2001-2007, 2004.
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89. Before any physical activity is begun, you should test your blood sugar. If it is low, do not begin the activity. Eat something and test again to make sure it is higher before beginning
90. Why does low blood sugar occur? Too much exercise Skipping meals or snacks Delaying meals or snacks Not eating enough Too much insulin
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93. Things to keep in mind about delivery gdm Blood Sugar and Insulin Balance Keeping blood sugar levels under control during labor and delivery is vital for both you and your baby’s health. If you did not have to take insulin during the pregnancy, then you won’t need it during labor or delivery; however, if you did have to take insulin during pregnancy, then you may receive an insulin shot when labor begins or during labor. Early Delivery Gestational diabetes puts women at higher risk for a condition known as preeclampsia late in pregnancy. Preeclampsia is a condition associated with sudden blood pressure increases, which can be quite serious. Unfortunately, the only cure to preeclampsia is delivery of the baby, but delivery may not be the best option for your health or for the health of your baby. Your health care provider will keep you under close watch if this condition develops, determining whether early delivery is safe and needed. Cesarean Delivery This is a type of delivery used to deliver the baby, as opposed to natural delivery through the vagina. Cesarean delivery is also referred to as a cesarean section, or “C” section. Simply having gestational diabetes is not reason alone to have a C section, but your health care provider may have other reasons for choosing this option, such as changes in your health or your baby’s health during delivery.
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98. Breastfeeding is also believed to help lower fasting blood glucose levels in mothers.