1. The Philippines Under Japan [By:RechelleEscrupolo,MarjorieGuanzon,Ilona Jane Guerrero of OD201]
2. Japanese Buccaneers , the “Wako” established settlements at the mouth of the Cagayan River and in the area now known as Agoo, La Union. This settlement was order than any Spanish settlement. During the Spanish Period, many more Japanese came and settled in Manila. Many participated in the construction of Intramuros. They also participated in the quelling of revolts staged by the Chinese in the Manila area. Japanese Presence in the Philippines
3. Japanese Presence in the Philippines It was estimated that by the end of the Spanish period, there were about four thousand Japanese in the country. A new wave of Japanese immigration occurred during the early part of the American period. In 1903, about 15,000 Japanese participated in the construction of the Kennon Road in Baguio.
4. Japanese Presence in the Philippines During WWI, the Japanese, especially those in Davao, prospered as direct result of the increase in the price of hemp in the world market. This attracted more Japanese immigrants into the country.
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6. PEARL HARBOR BOMBING December 7,1941 marked the beginning of World War Two in the Pacific The Philippines was caught in the middle because of her close association with the United States. America formally declares war with Japan. American President Roosvelt described it as “a day which will live in infamy”.
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8. When the war broke out, I was surprised to see my Japanese neighbor dressed in a military uniform. I had no idea that he was a spy.
9. The Fall of Bataan and Corregidor MacArthur retreated to Bataan in order to prevent the Japanese from encircling his forces. Early attempts by the Japanese to take over Bataan miserably failed because the USAFFE forces fought gallantly. The Japanese then decided to constantly bombard Bataan in order to soften the line of defense. The forces in Bataan also lacked supplies and the morale of the soldiers was low.
10. On April 9, 1942, General Edward P. King who was the commander of the forces in Bataan surrendered. An estimate of 78,000 officers and men surrendered. The Japanese then intensified the bombardment in the island of Corregidor. Lacking the needed supplies, Generall Wainwright surrendered his forces in order to avoid the massacre of his men. The Fall of Bataan and Corregidor
11. The Fall of Bataan and Corregidor The fall of Bataan and Corregidor symbolized the defeat of Fil-Am force in the country. The Philippines was placed under the rule of the Japanese Imperial Army.
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13. The DEATH MARCH On April 11, 1942, around 70,000 American and Filipino prisoners of war were forced to march from Mariveles, Bataan. The “Death March” is considered as one of the most gruesome events in WWII Philippines. Many soldiers died of hunger, fatigue, unattended wounds and dehydration. The march ended in Camp O’Donnell in Tarlac. Only 60,000 of the original number of marchers survived.
14. The DEATH MARCH Some time later, the Filipino prisoners were released primarily because the Japanese lacked the resource to maintain a large number of prisoners. Many of those who were released later rejoined their comrades in the mountains.
15. On January 3, 1942, General Masaharu Homma, Commander-In-Chief of the Imperial Forces in the Philippines announces the end of American sovereignty in the Philippines.
16. JOSE ABAD SANTOS Was the fifth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines and served as Acting President of the Philippines during World War II. He was executed by Japanese forces during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines.
17. CENTRAL ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION The commander-in-chief of the Japanese Imperial Army ordered Jorge B. Vargas to assume the position of Chairman of the Executive Commission of the Central Administrative Organization. Jorge B. Vargas’ task was to coordinate the activities of all existing Central Administrative Departments.
18. CENTRAL ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION Six departments composed the Executive Commission and each was headed by commissioner appointed by the Japanese commander-in-chief. Each department had also one Japanese “adviser”. The order stressed that “foremost importance” be given to the “demands of the Imperial Japanese Forces”. The Central Administration Organization was directly under the control of the Commander-in-chief.
19. CENTRAL ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION CHAIRMAN OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMISION INTERIOR JUSTICE FINANCE AGRICULTURE AND COMMERCE EDUCATION HEALTH AND PUBLLIC WELFARE PUBLIC WORKS AND COMMUNICATION COUNCIL OF STATE JAPANESE ADVISERS
20. RenatoConstantino (March 10, 1919 - September 15, 1999) was an influential Filipino historian. He was a known leftist historian of thePhilippines. He is the father-in-law of political commentator Randy David. He is one of the Charter Members of the Alpha Phi Beta Fraternity - UP College of Law. “The Japanese kicked, slapped and bayoneted innocent men and women who failed to bow properly. Hundreds were beheaded during the first months of the occupation on mere suspicion of being a guerilla”. -RenatoConstantino
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22. Raided homes with unregistered radios and detained the occupants in Fort Santiago.
23. Notoriously famous for their methods of extracting information from suspected enemies of the Japanese.
26. ECONOMIC CONDITIONS DURING THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION The monetary currency introduced by the Japanese was worthless because of the astronomical inflation rates. It was eventually called “Mickey Mouse” money. Barter became the means of acquiring one’s needs. For example, a gold tooth for one ganta of rice, or one “aparador” for several cans of sardines.
34. DATE EVENTS Jan. 23, 1942 Victorious Japanese forces enter Manila Apr. 9, 1942 Fall of Bataan Apr. 10, 1942 The “Death March” starts May 14, 1942 Corregidor falls Aug. 1, 1942 ManuelQuezon dies at Saranac Lake in N.Y. Oct. 14, 1943 Japanese- sponsored independence DATE EVENTS Sept. 21, 1944 about 71 American bombers start the bombardment of Manila Oct. 23, 1944 The Philippines’ exiled government returns Oct. 24-26, 1944 Battle of Leyte Gulf Oct. 25, 1944 Battle of SurigaoStrait Jan. 9, 1945 Lingayen Gulf landings
35. DATE EVENTS Feb. 27, 1945 MacArthur turns over the Reins of power to Osmeña Mar. 3, 1945 American troops retake Manila after a bloody battle Jul. 4, 1945 Allied forces recapture Luzon Jul. 26, 1945 Postdam Declaration Aug. 6, 1945 An American bomber drops the first Atomic Bomb over DATE EVENTS Hiroshima. Aug. 9, 1945 The second Atomic bomb is dropped over Nagasaki Aug. 15, 1945 Japan surrenders at Tokyo Bay in Japan. World War II in the Pacific officially ends.
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