Powerpoint about American invasion to the Philippines

1. G. American
Imperialism
(1899-1941)

2. 1. Philippine-American War
(1899-1913)
• War started when
an American troop
shoot a passing
Filipino soldiers in Sta. Mesa
• Americans formally started the
attacks in La Loma, Caloocan,
Marikina, Pateros etc.

3. • Aguinaldo ordered Felipe
Buencamino to talk with
the Americans but
Gen. McArthur let the
Americans attacked the city
• Gen. Otis formally announced a
war against Aguinaldo’s
troops

4. • Aguinaldo transferred the
government from Malolos to San
Isidro, Nueva Ecija because
Arthur McArthur attacked
Bulacan
• Antonio Luna was
ordered to defend
the Bagbag bridge
in Calumpit

5. • Apolinario Mabini resigned
as a cabinet member of
Aguinaldo and Pedro
Paterno became the
head of the cabinet
(May 9, 1899)
• Aguinaldo cabinet decided an
annexation to the Americans

6. • Gen. Luna disarmed the “Kawit
Battalion” of Aguinaldo because of
being undisciplined
• Gen. Luna was
assassinated in
Cabanatuan by
“Kawit Battalion”
(June 5, 1899)

7. • Gregorio del Pilar won
in a battle at Quingua
(April 23,1899)
• Licerio Geronimo won
in a battle in San
Mateo, Rizal and
killed Henry Lawton
• Martin Delgado defended
Iloilo on February 11, 1890

8. • Negrenses collaborated with the
Americans and had their own
“Negros Constitution” (July 20,
1899)
• Americans dealt with
Muslims in Jolo throught
“Bates Treaty”
• Aguinaldo started his
“Guerilla Warfare” to
Northern Luzon

9. • Gen. Del Pilar was killed in the
“Battle of Tirad Pass” in Ilocos
Sur (December 2, 1899)
• Aguinaldo encamped
at Palanan, Isabela
• Americans caught
Cecilio Segismundo
and decoded the
letters of Aguinaldo

10. • With the help of
Macabebe Scouts,
Aguinaldo caught in
Palanan (March 23, 1901)
• Aguinaldo swore an alliance to the
American flag (April 19, 1901)
• “Irreconcilables” continued to
fight against the American forces

11. *Some Irreconcilables:
-Manuel Tinio (March 27, 1901)
-Tomas Mascardo (June 5, 1901)
-Vicente Lukban (February 2, 1902)
-Miguel Malvar (April 17, 1902)
-Simeon Ola (September 25, 1903)

12. • 500 Filipinos won in “Balangiga
Encounter” September 28, 1901
led by Valeriano Abanador
• Jacob Smith transformed
Samar into “Howling
Wilderness” because
after few days, they
massacred the civilians
in Balangiga and got their
3 parish bells

13. Sakay’s Tagalog Republic
• Macario Sakay founded the
“Tagalog Republic” in
Montalban, Rizal (1902)
*Cabinet members:
-Francisco Carreon
-Cornelio Felizardo
-Julian Montalan

14. • Americans traitored Sakay for
giving of amnesty and captured
• Sentenced into death
on September 25, 1903
at the Bilibid Prisons
with Lucio de Vega

15. Moro-American War (1902-
1913)
• Americans perished Maranaos in
Bayang, Lanao del Sur (1902)
• Gov. Wood ordered to massacre
the Muslims in Mt. Bud Dajo
(1906)
• John “BlackJack” Pershing
massacred 2000 Tausugs in Bud
Bagsak

17. 2. Establishment of American
Government
Founding of Federal Party
• Founded on December 23, 1900
• Consists of Malolos Congress
members who collaborated with
the Americans
• Aimed to attain peace
and the annexation to
the US.

18. Forming of American Military
Government
• Pres. McKinley ordered
Gen. Wesley Merritt
to be the first Military
Governor of the islands as they
established a Military Government
• Americans form the Schurman
Commission for the Philippines

19. • Elwell Otis and Arthur
McArthur became the
second and last Military
Governor of the country
• The legislative power of
Military Governor was transferred
to Philippine Commission (1900)
and judicial power
to court (1899)

20. *Duties of the Commission
-spread the U.S. power
-land and property system
-respect Philippine heritage
• The Commission urged to
establish a Civil Government
in the country under
William H. Taft

21. Forming of American Civil
Government
• Spooner Amendment (1901)
become the springboard of
establishing a Civil Government
• Taft became the first
Civil Governor in the
country (July 4, 1901)
with executive and
legislative powers

22. Forming of Philippine Congress
• Americans abolished Civil
Government and formed the
Philippine Congress (July 1902)
• Made the Cooper
Act of 1902
(Bill of Rights)

23. • Benito Legarda and
Pablo Ocampo became
the first Filipino who
became its representatives
• Congress also made the first
“Philippine Assembly” in October
16, 1907

24. 3. American colonial
integration
1. ECONOMIC POLICIES
-National Economic Council
-Homestead Law
-Torrens Title
-Department of Agriculture
-Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act
-Stateside products

25. 2. LAWS
*Sedition Law (1901)
-advocation of freedom
*Brigandage Act (1902)
-anti-Bandolerismo
*Reconcentration Act (1903)
-provincial rebel facilitation
*Flag Law (1907)
-banning of flag displays

26. 3. EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
-Department of Public Instruction
-Thomasites (August 23, 1901)
-Pencionados (1903)
*Established schools:
-PNU (1901)
-UP (1908)
-NU (1901)
-PWU (1919)

27. 4. RELIGION
*Protestantism
-Episcopalian
-Baptist
-United Brethen
-Congregationalist
-Seventh Day Adventist
-Disciples of Christ

28. 5. LITERATURE
-Filipinos became interested in
the U.S. History and writing
of essays, poems etc.
*Famous writers in English:
-Carlos Romulo
-Jose Garcia Villa
-Fernando Maramag

29. *Famous writers in Filipino:
-Lope K. Santos
-Faustino Aguilar
-Pascual Poblete
-Juan Abad
-Severino Reyes

30. 6. MUSIC
-Antonio Molina
-Nicanor Abelardo
-Francisco Santiago
7. ARTS
-Fernando Amorsolo
-Fabian dela Rosa
-Victorio Edades

31. 8. ARCHITECTURE
-Neoclassical design
9. TRANSPORTATION
-Tranvia
-Western cars

32. 10. Other influences:
-Board of Public Health
-American names
-Imported products
-Modern technologies

33. 4. Philippinization of the
government
• Pres. Theodore Roosevelt
led a peace and order
in the Philippines (1905)
• Organized the Philippine
Assembly by having
elections

34. *Political Parties:
1. FEDERAL 2. NACIONALISTA
NACIONALISTA
3. LIBERAL
-PROGRESISTA

35. *Nacionalista Party aimed an
immediate freedom for the
Philippines
*Progresista Party aimed a slow
transition for the Philippines’
freedom
• Election for Philippine Assembly
was held on June 1907

36. *Election results:
59 seats- Nacionalistas
16 seats- Progresistas
5- Independientes
• Sergio Osmeña won as the
speaker and Manuel Quezon won
as Majority Floor leader

37. *Achievements of the Assembly:
1. founded Rural banks
2. compulsory education
3. developed communication ways
4. developed irrigation system
5. founded Department of Labor
6. started the “Labor Day”
7. founded the “National Library”

38. • In U.S. the two political parties
had different point of views on
the Philippinization of the
country:
1. Republicans- didn’t want an
immediate Philippinization
2. Democratic- wanted to a fast
Philippinization

39. • Woodrow Wilson (Democrat) won
as the president of U.S. (1912)
• Ordered Henry Ford
to investigate the
state of the country
and reported that
Philippines is ready
to be free

40. • Francis B. Harrison
became the first
Governor General
of the country
(1913)
• Allowed Filipinos to dominate the
seats in the Philippine Commission
like Jaime de Veyra, Vicente
Encarnacion and Victorino Mapa

41. *Harrison’s achievements:
-Many Filipinos took seat in the
government
-Lowered the salaries of “high-
paid” officials
-”Civil Retirement Act
No. 2581

42. *Other Governor Generals:
Leonard Wood (1921)
-experienced the “Cabinet
Crisis of 1923”
Henry Stimson (1928)
-led the “Era of Cooperation”
Dwight Davis (1929)
-developed agriculture
sector

43. Theodore Roosevelt Jr. (1932)
-developed fishing industry
Frank Murphy (1933)
-recommended the women’s
right for suffrage
-”Best Governor General”

44. Rise of Jones Law (1916)
• William A. Jones urged a law that
the legislative branch of the
government should be for Filipinos
(Jones Law/Philippine Autonomy
Act)
• Arranged the
“Batasan” (Congress)
into “Bicameral”

45. • The law cleared that American
intention was to free the
Philippines and to form a
government not to conquer
• House of Representatives
succeeded “Philippine Assembly”
and Senate succeeded “Philippine
Commission”

46. *Batasan Electoral System:
SENATORS: (24)
22- elected by the masses
2- elected by Governor General
6-year term
REPRESENTATIVES: (90)
81- elected by the masses
9- elected by Governor General
3-year term

47. • The first Batasan (congress) of
the Philippines was inaugurated in
Manila (October 1916)
• Quezon became the first Senate
President and Osmeña became the
speaker of House of
Representatives

48. • Established the first cabinet on
January 1917 when Rafael
Palma become the Interior
secretary

49. 5. Age of Missions for
Independence
1.Quezon’s First Mission
-February 23, 1919
-requested the freedom for
the Philippines but failed
2. Wood-Forbes Mission
-mission requested by
Warren Harding

50. -May 4, 1921
-led by Leonard Wood
and William Forbes
-mentioned that our
country is not ready
to be independent
3. Gabaldon Mission
-disapproved by
Pres. Coolidge (1924)

51. 4. OSROX Mission
-December 5, 1931
-because of economic
issues, U.S. agreed
for Philippine freedom
-Hare-Hawes-Cutting Law was
signed for Philippine freedom
(January 17, 1933)

52. *Hare-Hawes-Cutting Law
provisions:
-10-year Commonwealth Gov’t
-separation of Mindanao as base
-quota of 50 Filipinos in US every
year
-entry of American
products without taxes

53. • Quezon dislike the Hare-Hawes-
Cutting Law, besides, went to
U.S. and requested for another
law, Tydings-McDuffie
• It’s provisions were the same with
Hare-Hawes-Cutting aside from a
convention to make a “Saligang
Batas” (Constitution)
• Signed by Franklin Roosevelt
(March 24, 1934)

54. Founding of Constitutional
Convention
• Held a convention in
Manila to form a
Constitution (July 10, 1934)
*Officers:
-Claro M. Recto (President)
-Ruperto Montinola (Vice President)
-Narciso Diokno (Arranger)

55. • Created the “1935 Constitution”
on February 8, 1935
• Tomas Cabili did not
sign the constitution
• Gregorio Perfecto
signed it with his
blood

56. 6. 1935 Constitution
*Provisions:
-three branches of Government
-president and vice president
should be elected
-legislative branch is for Assembly
-judicial branch is for a court
-”Bill of Rights”

57. • Ratified on May 14, 1935
through 1,212,046 votes
• Established a “Commonwealth
Government” and held
an election on September
17, 1935
• Quezon and Osmeña
won as president and
vice president

58. *Achievements of Commonwealth
Government:
-established the Court of
Industrial Relations
-founded Rural Progress
Administration
-started some lending
banks
-”Minimum wage”

59. • buying of haciendas for
government purposes
• founded the National
Economic Council
• founded the National
Council for Education
• signing of 1940 Education Act
• “Tagalog” as the basis of
Philippine National Language

60. • signing of Suffrage Act
(1937)
• signing of National
Defense Act
• establishment of airports
• signing of “8-Hour Labor Law”
• Establishment of Bureau of Public
Welfare
• “Code of Ethics”

61. Thank you!
Yosef Eric C. Hipolito, LPT, MA
Bachelor of Arts in History
yosefhipolito19@gmail.com