Resins are typically viscous substances that convert into rigid polymers through a curing process. Resins are naturally occurring but are now often made synthetically. Some synthetic resins have similar properties to natural plant resins, but many are very different. ** Disclaimer: All photos, logos, etc. used in this presentation are the property of their respective copyright owners and are used here for educational purposes only.

1. SHRI VISHNU COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
RESINS
GROUP 6 - 118071-118075

2. MAIN TOPICS
POINTS TO TALK ABOUT
Benzoin
Colophony
Turmeric
Podophyllum
Guggul
Myrrh
Asafoetida
Ginger
Balsam of peru & Balsam of tolu
INTRODUCTION OF RESINS
DRUGS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

3. Resin is a solid or highly viscous organic
substance exuded by various trees or can be
produced synthetically .
Synonym – ROSIN

4. They are complex mixtures of resin acids , resin alcohols, resin
phenols (resinotannols).
PROPERTIES
PHYSICALLY: Resins are usually hard, transparent or translucent. When heated,
they soften and finally melt.
Insoluble in water &petroleum spirit. Soluble in alcohol,chloroform &
ether.
CHEMICALLY:
SOLUBILITUY:

5. BENZOIN
Synonym:- Sumatra benzoin ,Loban
Telugu name:- Sambrani
Biological source:- Useful part –Trunk
Sumatra benzoin- obtained from the incised stem
of Styrax benzoin Dryander and Styrax
paralleloneurus Perkins
Siambenzoin - is a balsamic resin derived from
stem of Styrax tonkinensis Craib
Family – Styraceae
Geographical source:-
Sumatra benzoin- Found in South Eastern Asia.
Siam benzoin- Found in Thailand, Vietnam.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:
Siam Benzoin –
Coniferyl benzoate (60–80%) (3-methoxy-
4-hydroxycinnamyl alcohol),
free benzoic acid (10%),
triterpene siaresinolic acid (6%),
vanillin, and benzyl cinnamate.
Sumatra Benzoin –
contains free balsamic
esters(25%), triterpenic acids like
siaresinolic acid
(19-hydroxyoleanolic acid) and
sumaresinolic acid (6-hydroxy-oleanolic
acid); traces of vanillin, phenylpropyl
cinnamate, cinnamyl cinnamate, and
phenylethylene.

6. Siam benzoin differ from Sumatra contains sufficient cinnamic acid
to give an odour of benzaldehyde.

7. CHEMICAL TESTS
Heat Sumatra Benzoin (5 g) with 10% aqueous potassium permanganate
solution. A bitter almond-like odour is produced due to oxidation of cinnamic
acid present in Sumatra Benzoin. This test is negative in case of Siam Benzoin.
1.
4ml potassium permanganate+ Benzoin powder + warm Odour of
Benzaladehyde (sumatra benzoin)
2. To a petroleum ether solution of Benzoin (0.2 g), two to three drops of sulphuric
acid are added in a China dish. Sumatra Benzoin produces reddishbrown colour,
whereas Siam Benzoin shows purple-red colour on rotating the dish.
0.2g Benzoin + 1 ml Petroleum ether+ shake +2-3 drops sulphuric acid
deep brown (sumatra) &
deep purplish-red (siam)

8. CHEMICAL TESTS
3. To alcoholic solution of Benzoin ferric chloride solution is added. A green colour
is produced in Siam Benzoin due to the presence of phenolic compound
coniferyl benzoate. This test is negative in case of Sumatra Benzoin which does not
contain sufficient amount of phenolic constituents.
Alc. solution of Benzoin + ferric chloride solution Green colour (Siam
Benzoin)

9. Used expectorant, antiseptic, carminative, stimulant, and diuretic
properties. It is used in cosmetic lotions, perfumery and to prepare
Compound Benzoin. It retards rancification of fats also used in food,
drinks and in incense.
MARKETED PRODUCTS:
USES:

10. Synonym:- Rosin, yellow resin; Abietic anhydride;
colophony resin; amber resin; resin; coloponium.
Biological source:- Colophony is a solid residue left after
distilling off the volatile oil from the oleoresin obtained
from Pinus palustris (long leaf pine) and other species of
Pinus such as P. pinaster, P. halepensis, P. massoniana,
P. tabuliformis, P. carribacea var
Family – Pinaceae
Geographical source:-
Found in U.S, France, Italy,
Spain, India, Pakistan.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:
Contains resin acid 90%(isomeric α, β, γ-
abietic acid; 10% mixture of dihydoabietic
acid,dehydroabietic acid)
volatile oils 0.5%
resenes 5-6%
Before distillation, the resin contains excess
amounts of (+) and (-) pimaric acids. During
distillation the (-) pimaric acid is converted
into abietic acid while (+) pimaric acid is
stable.
COLOPHONY

11. CHEMICAL TESTS
To a solution of powdered resin (0.1 g) in acetic acid (10 ml) one drop of conc.
Sulphuric acid is added in a dry test tube. A purple colour, readily changing to
violet, is formed.
1.
Powdered resin + acetic acid + conc. Sulphuric acid Purple to violet
colour
2. To a petroleum ether solution of powdered Colophony twice its volume of dilute
solution of copper acetate is shaken. The colour of the petroleum ether layer
changes to emerald-green due to formation of copper salt of abietic acid.
Powdered Colophony + Petroleum Ether + dil. sol of copper acetate
petroleum ether layer changes to emerald-green

12. CHEMICAL TESTS
3. To alcoholic solution of Colophony sufficient water is added. It becomes milky
white due to precipitation of chemical compounds.
Alc. Solution of colophony + water milky white
4. Alcoholic solution of Colophony turns blue litmus to red due to the presence of
diterpenic acids.
used as stimulant, diuretic, manufacture of varnishes, soap, plastics,
fire wood.
USES:

13. Synonym:- Indian saffron, curcuma, haridra, haldi (hindi).
Telugu name:- pasupu
Biological source:-
Turmeric is the dried rhizome of Curcuma longa Linn.
(syn. C. domestica Valeton).
Family – Zingiberacea.
Geographical source:-
The plant is a native to southern Asia and is cultivated
extensively in temperate regions. It is grown on a larger
scale in India, China, East Indies, Pakistan, and Malaya.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:
Turmeric contains yellow colouring matter
called as curcuminoids (5%)-
dihydrocurcumin and essential oil (6%).
5% of volatile oils, resins, abundant
zingiberaceous starch granules,
curcuminoids atlantone,
bisdemethoxycurcumin,
demethoxycurcumin, diaryl heptanoids, and
tumerone. sesquiterpenoids and the
constituent ar-tumerone
TURMERIC

14. CHEMICAL TESTS
Turmeric powder on treatment with con. Sulphuric acid forms red colour.
1.
Turmeric powder + two drops of con. Sulphuric acid Red Colour
2. On addition of alkali solution to Turmeric powder red to violet colour is
produced.
Turmeric powder + alkali sol. Violet Colour
3. With acetic anhydride and concentrated sulphuric acid Turmeric gives violet
colour. Under UV light this colour is seen as an intense red fluorescence.
Turmeric powder + acetic anhydride + conc. Sulphuric acid Violet
Colour ( under UV light Intense Red Flurescence)

15. CHEMICAL TESTS
4. A paper containing Turmeric extract produces a green colour with borax
solution.
Turmeric powder + borax sol. Green Colour
5. On addition of boric acid a reddish-brown colour is formed which, on addition
of alkalies, changes to greenish-blue.
Turmeric powder + boric acid reddish-brown Colour + Alkali
Greenish-Blue colour
6. A piece of filter paper is impregnated with an alcohol extract, dried, and then
moistened with boric acid solution slightly acidified with hydrochloric acid, and
redried. Pink or brownish-red colour is developed on the filter paper which
becomes deep blue on addition of alkali.

16. Anti-inflammatory ,Blood purifier & Stimulant, as a condiment/ spice
& colouring agent
It is one of the ingredients of the preparations known as
J.P. Nikhar oil, J.P. Kasantak (Jamuna Pharma), Diabecon,
Purian (Himalaya Drug Company), and Respinova (Lupin
Herbal Laboratory).
MARKETED PRODUCTS:
USES:

17. Synonym:- Indian podophyllum, Himalayan may-apple.
Biological source:- Indian podophyllum consists of the
dried pieces of rhizomes and roots of Podophyllum
hexandrum Royle
Podophyllum peltatum Linn. - American
Family – Berberidaceae.
Geographical Source:-
The plant grows abundantly in the higher slopes of the
Himalayas in India and Pakistan. It is also found in
Afghanistan and Tibet.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:
Podophyllum rhizomes contain 2–8%
resinous material termed as podophyllin.
Lignan derivatives- podophyllotoxin,
α- and β-peltatin. It also contains
desmethyl podophyllotoxin,
desoxypodophyllotoxin, podophyllotoxone,
a flavonoid quercetin and starch.
PODOPHYLLUM

18. CHEMICAL TESTS
1. The reaction of podophyllum resin alcoholic extract with strong solution of
copper acetate develops brown precipitate for Indian podophyllum, whereas
American drug produces green colour without precipitate.
Podophyllum resin Alc. extract + Copper acetate Brown Ppt (Indian),
Green colour with no ppt( American)
2. 0.2 gm of Finely powdered sample + dissolved in 10 ml of KOH →formation of
yellow solution →turns to dark on standing →acidify with HCl →precipitation of
resin takes place.
3. 0.4 gm powder sample + 2 ml of ethanol + 0.5 ml of KOH →shake gently →
allow to stand →formation of stiff jelly .

19. CHEMICAL TESTS
4. 10 mg of powdered sample + 2 ml of ethanol + 1 drop of ferric chloride →deep
and dark green colour →solution appears black in reflected light.
5. 10 mg of powdered sample + 1 ml of ethanol + 4 ml of water + 1 ml of sulfuric acid
→cool →formation of orange to brownish red color .
Uses:-
Used as purgative and bitter tonic.
Marketed product:-
Podowart (Shalaks Pharmaceuticals)