nature of a dialect

2. WHAT IS A DIALECT?
OXFORD LISTS THE DEFINITION OF
DIALECT AS:
“A PARTICULAR FORM OF A LANGUAGE
WHICH IS PECULIAR TO A SPECIFIC REGION
OR SOCIAL GROUP.”
A DIALECT IS A REGIONAL OR
SOCIAL VARIETY OF
A LANGUAGE DISTINGUISHED
BY PRONUNCIATION, GRAMMAR,
AND/OR VOCABULARY.

3. HOW DO WE DEFINE REGION OR SOCIAL
GROUP?
REGIONS CAN BE :-
AS SMALL AS YOUR HOME AND
AS LARGE AS A CONTINENT.
A SOCIAL GROUP COULD BE :-
AS SMALL AS YOUR FAMILY OR
AS LARGE AS A NATION.

4. A DIALECT IS A FORM OF A LANGUAGE SPOKEN
BY A GROUP OF PEOPLE.
SOMETIMES PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN THE SAME PLACE SHARE A
DIALECT.
SOMETIMES PEOPLE WHO ARE SIMILAR IN SOME OTHER WAY,
SUCH AS SOCIAL CLASS, SHARE A DIALECT.

5. THERE IS NO ABSOLUTE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A
DIALECT AND A LANGUAGE.
E.G.BRITISH ENGLISH AND AMERICAN ENGLISH
ARE DIFFERENT STANDARD DIALECTS OF ENGLISH.
THEY DIFFER SLIGHTLY IN SPELLING, IN
PRONUNCIATION, AND IN VOCABULARY.
HOWEVER, THEY ARE "MUTUALLY
INTELLIGIBLE", WHICH MEANS PEOPLE WHO SPEAK
EITHER VARIETY CAN UNDERSTAND THE OTHER.

6. THE TERM DIALECT IS OFTEN USED TO
CHARACTERIZE A WAY OF SPEAKING THAT
DIFFERS FROM THE STANDARD VARIETY OF
THE LANGUAGE.
AS DAVID CRYSTAL EXPLAINS,
"EVERYONE SPEAKS A DIALECT."

7. ALL LANGUAGES CONSIST OF DIALECTS (A LANGUAGE IS A
GROUP OF DIALECTS; TO SPEAK A LANGUAGE IS TO SPEAK A
DIALECT OF THAT LANGUAGE)
THEREFORE, EVERYONE SPEAKS AT LEAST ONE DIALECT.
DIALECT DIFFERENCES ARE USUALLY MINOR AND
DIALECTS OF A LANGUAGE ARE USUALLY MUTUALLY
INTELLIGIBLE
SO….
DIALECTS ARE GEOGRAPHICALLY, SOCIALLY,
POLITICALLY DETERMINED

8. LIKE OTHER MAJOR LANGUAGES OF THE
WORLD, HINDI ALSO HAS SEVERAL DIALECTS.
THESE DIALECTS ARE SPREAD OVER THE
ENTIRE HINDI SPEAKING REGION USUALLY
TERMED AS HINDI BELT AND
CONSTITUTE AROUND 295 MILLION NATIVE
SPEAKERS OF HINDI (DIALECTS AND
STANDARD HINDI).

9. THE REGION WHERE HINDI IS SPOKEN ARE INDIAN
STATES OF :-
BIHAR,
CHHATTISGARH,
DELHI,
HARYANA,
HIMACHAL PRADESH,
JHARKHAND,
MADHYA PRADESH,
RAJASTHAN,
UTTAR PRADESH AND
UTTARAKHAND.

10. THERE ARE MANY DIALECT OF HINDI :-
1. BRAJ BHASHA (ब्रज भाषा)-SPOKEN IN THE NORTHWESTERN
PART OF STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH, THE EASTERN PART OF STATE
OF RAJASTHAN AND THE SOUTHERN PART OF STATE OF HARYANA.
2.KHARI BOLI (खड़ी बोली)-SPOKEN IN DELHI, ITS SURROUNDING
AREA IN THE STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH AS WELL AS THE
WESTERN REGION OF STATE OF UTTARAKHAND.
3.HARYANVI (हरियाणव़ी)-SPOKEN IN THE NORTHERN STATE OF
HARYANA AS WELL AS DELHI.
4. BUNDELI (बुन्देली)-SPOKEN IN THE REGION OF BUNDELKHAND
REGION IN THE STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH .

11. MARATHI DIALECTS-
1. SOFT TONE MARATHI: THIS MARATHI SPOKEN IN NASHIK,
AHMEDNAGAR AND NORTHERN PART OF PUNE DISTRICT SAY
UPTO PUNE CITY.LANGUAGE SPOKEN IN CENTRAL PUNE CITY IS
CONSIDERED AS PUREST MARATHI WHICH IS REFERRED AS
"SHUDDHA MARATHI“
2. HARD TONE MARATHI(DESHI): THIS KIND OF MARATHI IS
SPOKEN FROM SOUTHERN PART OF PUNE DISTRICT, SATARA,
SANGLI, KOLHAPUR AND MARATHI SPEAKING PART OF SOLAPUR
DISTRICT. THIS IS SOMETIMES REFERRED AS DESHI.BOTH SOFT
TONE AND HARD TONE REGIONS SPEAK THE LANGUAGE WHICH
CAN BE CALLED STANDARD MARATHI, JUST HARD TONE MARATHI
SOUNDS ROUGH TO HEAR AND GIVES AGGRESSIVE FEEL WHILE
SOFT TONE MARATHI GIVES HUMBLE FEEL.

12. MARATHIDIALECTS-
3. KARNATAKI MARATHI: THIS DIALECT OF MARATHI IS SPOKEN IN BELGAON,KARWAR,
HUBBALLI-DHARWAD, GULBARGA DISTRICTS OF KARNATAKA AND PARTS OF SANGLI,
KANNADA SPEAKING REGION OF SOLAPUR DISTRICT. THIS MARATHI HAS MORE WORDS
FROM KANNADA.
4. MARATHWADA (DHADI): THIS MARATHI IS SPOKEN IN OSMANABAD,LATUR PART OF BEED
REGIONS OF MARATHWADA. MARATHWADA ALSO SPEAKS STANDARD FORM MARATHI, BUT
IT HAS MUCH WORDS FROM DAKHANI URDU. IT IS SPOKEN IN ALL THE 8 DISTRICTS OF
MARATHWADA.
5. KOKANI: THERE ARE CONTROVERSIES WHETHER KOKANI CAN BE CALLED AS DIALECT OF
MARATHI OR NOT BUT, AS IT USES MUCH OF THE GRAMMAR AND STANDARD VERBS OF
MARATHI SO, IT'S CLOSELY RELATED. WE CAN SAY THERE ARE DIALECTS OF
KOKANI,RATHER THAN MARATHI AS FOLLOWING.
6. AAGRI: THIS DIALECT IS THE REAL BASIC LANGUAGE OF MUMBAI THOUGH NOW DUE TO
LARGE MIGRATIONS, MANY LANGUAGES ARE SPOKEN IN MUMBAI. IT IS SPOKEN IN NORTH
KOKAN DISTRICTS MUMBAI, THANE, PALGHAR AND RAIGAD.
7. MALVANI: IT IS SPOKEN IN SINDHUDURGA DISTRICT
8. AHIRANI- KHANDESH ARA.

13. AHIRANI ALSO HAS DIALECTS AS FOLLOWS :
A. STANDARD AHIRANI: STANDARD AHIRANI IS SPOKEN IN PARTS
OF CHALISGAON TALUKA (AS IT HAS HALF REGION STANDARD
MARATHI SPEAKING AND HALF REGION AHIRANI SPEAKING),
BHADGAON, PACHORA TALUKAS OF JALGAON DISTRICT, DHULE
TALUKA OF DHULE DISTRICT, NORTH AND EASTERN PART OF
MALEGAON TALUKA OF NASHIK DISTRICT. THE LANGUAGE IS
CONSIDERED AS STANDARD FORM AHIRANI IN THIS REGION.
B. BAGLANI: THIS IS SPOKEN IN KALWAN, DEOLA, BAGLAN AND
WESTERN AND SOUTHERN PART OF MALEGAON TALUKA OF
NASHIK DISTRICTAND PARTS OF SAKRI TALUKA OF DHULE
DISTRICT. THIS AHIRANI HAS MORE MARATHI WORDS.

14. C. GUJAR: THIS IS SPOKEN IN NANDURBAR DISTRICT AND
SHIRPUR,SHINDAKHEDA. TALUKAS OF DHULE DISTRICT. THIS
HAS MORE WORDS GUJARATI.
D. LEVA PATIDARI: THIS IS SPOKEN IN EASTERN PART OF
JALGAON DISTRICT, WHICH ARE JALGAON, BHUSAVAL, AND
REST LEVA PATIDAR COMMUNITY MAJORITY REGIONS.
E. AMALNERI: THIS IS SPOKEN IN
PAROLA,AMALNER,CHOPDA REGIONS OF JALGAON DISTRICT.

15. Varieties of English….

16. THANK YOU…