First Aid

2. ➢What is first aid ?
The immediate treatment given for any
injury , or sudden illness before the arrival of
an ambulance , doctor or any other qualified
person.
➢The aims of first aid :
❑To preserve life .
❑To prevent the condition getting
worse .
❑To promote recovery.

3. HANDWASHING
❖Keeping hands clean during an emergency ,helps prevent the spread
of germs & infection.

4. C.P.R.
▪Cardio pulmonary resuscitation
Emergency procedure that combines compressions &
breaths to restore blood circulation & breathing.
✓Compression : restore blood circulation
❑Put the person on his or her back on a firm surface.
❑Kneel next to person’s head & shoulder.
❑Place your heel of hand over the centre of person’s
chest & place your other hand on the top of first
hand.
❑Keep your elbow straight & position your
shoulder’s above your hand’s.
❑Use your upper body weight & compress the chest
at least 2 inches.
❑Push hard & fast.

5. ✓Airway :
❑Open the persons mouth.
❑Put your palm on persons forehead &
gently tilt the head back.
❑Then with other hand gently lift the
chin forward to open airway.
✓ Breathing :
❑Rescuer should Inhale the air & With
open airway of victim, pinch the
nostrils & shut for mouth to
mouth breathing .
❑Give two breaths , and notice if chest
rises when air is inserted.
❑Then again start compressions.

6. CHOKING
▪Choking occurs when a foreign object lodges
in the throat or windpipe , blocking the flow of
air which further cuts off oxygen to brain .
▪In adults food is often the culprit.
▪Young children often swallow small objects.
✓Signs :
❑Inability to talk.
❑Difficulty breathing or noisy breathing .
❑Forceful cough.
❑Skin , lips & nails turning blue.
❑Loss of consciousness.

7. ✓First aid
❑Stand behind the person .
❑Wrap your arms around the
waist of person.
❑Make a fist with one hand &
grasp it with other hand.
❑Press hard into the abdomen
with a quick , upward thrust (as
if trying to lift the person ).
❑In severe case, take victim to
hospital as soon as possible.

8. ❖Burn
A burn is the tissue damage that
results from scalding , over exposure
to the sun or other radiation , contact
with flames , chemicals or electricity
or smoke inhalation .
➢First aid
✓Minor burn:
❑Cool the area.
❑Remove jewellry or tight items.
❑Don’t break blisters.
❑Apply lotion.
❑Bandage the burn area, if required.

9. ✓Major burn:
❑Protect the burned person from
further harm .
❑Check airway, breathing &
circulation.
❑Remove jewellery , belts or other
restrictive items in someone's
presence.
❑Cover the burn area.
❑Do not immerse large & severe
burns in water.
❑Elevate the burn area.
❑Take to hospital as soon as
possible.

10. ❖Wound :
Break in the continuity of surface of
skin.
✓First aid
❑Wash hands : To prevent infection.
❑Stop the bleeding : Use any clean
cloth and press lightly over the
wound with the help of cloth.
❑Clean the cut or wound : once
bleeding stops , rinse the wound
with clean water.
❑Cover it with bandage.
❑Refer to hospital.

11. Snake bite
❖An injury caused by bite of snake
➢Do’s:
❑Do not get panic.
❑Immediately move away from the area
where the incident occurred .
❑Remove jewellery & tight clothing.
❑Clean the area with soap & water .
❑Immobilize the area by applying splint &
cover it with bandage.
❑Refer to hospital as soon as possible.

12. ➢Don'ts :
❑Do not try to kill snake as it may lead to
another snake bite.
❑Do not tie the area tightly because it may
stop the blood circulation ,which further
increases the chances of amputation.
❑Do not apply ice as it may stop blood
circulation.
❑Do not cut the area as it may lead to
infection.
❑Do not suck out the venom.