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2. ✓What is First Aid
✓Aims of First Aid
✓First Aider
INTRODUCTION

3. WHAT IS FIRST AID
✓Immediate assistance or treatment given
to the injured or ill, before the arrival of an
ambulance, doctor, or other appropriately
qualified person.

4. AIMS OF FIRST AID
✓Preserve life.
✓Prevent the condition from becoming
worse.
✓Promote recovery.

5. A FIRST AIDER IS…
✓Highly trained.
✓Examined and regularly re-examined.
✓Up-to-date in knowledge and skills.

6. FIRST AIDER’S RESPONSIBILITIES
✓To asses a situation quickly & safely,
and summon appropriate help.
✓To protect casualties and others at
the scene from possible danger.
✓To identify, as far as possible, the
injury or nature of illness affecting a
casualty.

7. FIRST AIDER’S RESPONSIBILITIES
✓To give each casualty early and
appropriate treatment, treating the
most serious conditions first.
✓To arrange for removal of casualty to
hospital, or to his or her home.
✓To remain with a casualty until
appropriate care is available.

8. FIRST AIDER’S RESPONSIBILITIES
✓To report your observations to those
taking over care of the casualty, and
to give further assistance if required.
✓To prevent cross-infection between
yourself and the casualty as much as
possible.

9. GIVING CARE WITH CONFIDENCE
First Aider can create confidence and
assurance by:
✓Being in control, both yourself and the situation.
✓Acting calmly and logically.
✓Being gentle, but firm with your hands and
speaking to the casualty kindly but purposefully.

10. BUILDING UP TRUST
Talk to the casualty throughout your
examination & treatment.
✓Explain what you are going to do.
✓Try to answer questions honestly to allay fear as
much as you can. If you do not know the answer,
say so.
✓Continue to reassure the casualty even when your
treatment is complete.
✓Continue to talk to the casualty and hold his or her
hand. Never let the person feel alone.

11. PROTECTING YOURSELF AGAINST
INFECTION
✓Always carry protective gloves.
✓Cover your own sores or skin wounds with
a waterproof plaster.
✓Wear a plastic apron when dealing with
large amount of the casualty’s body fluid.
✓Wear plastic glasses to protect your eyes
against splashes.

12. PROTECTING YOURSELF AGAINST
INFECTION
✓Take care not to prick yourself with any sharp
objects found on or near the casualty.
✓If your eyes, nose, mouth or any wound is
splashed
by the casualty’s blood, wash thoroughly with soap
and water and consult a doctor.
✓Use a mask or face shield for mouth-to-mouth
ventilation.
✓Dispose of blood & waste safely after treating the
casualty.

13. ACTION AT AN EMERGENCY
Effective first aid usually begins before any
direct contact with the casualty.
Remember:
✓Control your feelings and take a moment to think.
✓Do not place yourself in danger.
✓Use your common sense.
✓Do not attempt too much alone.
✓Be aware of potential dangers such as gas/petrol.

14. FIRST AID PRIORITIES
Assess the situation
✓Observe what has happened quickly and calmly.
✓Look for dangers to yourself and the casualty.
✓Never put yourself at risk.
Make the area safe
✓Protect the casualty from danger.
✓Be aware of your limitations.

15. FIRST AID PRIORITIES
Get help
✓Call for ambulance immediately after primary
assessment.

16. Making the call
✓Dial 995.
✓Give your name and contact number.
✓Location of incident.
✓The type and gravity of incident.
✓The number, sex, and approximate ages of the
casualties and anything you know about their
condition.
✓Details of any hazards (Gas, chemical, weather)
FIRST AID PRIORITIES

18. THE FIRST AIDER SHOULD…
Preserve life
✓Pay strict attention to safety.
✓Follow Airway, Breathing, Circulation of
resuscitation.
✓Control any major bleeding.

19. THE FIRST AIDER SHOULD…
Limit the effects of the condition
✓Make diagnosis after a thorough examination.
✓Give priority to seriously injured casualties.
✓Treat multiple injuries in order of priority. Consider
the possibility of ‘hidden’ secondary conditions.
Promote recovery of the casualty
✓Relief any discomfort, pain or anxiety.
✓Arrange for appropriate medical attention.

20. INITIAL ASSESSMENT
✓Quickly perform a brief examination of the
casualty.
✓Perform checks before making diagnosis.
✓Prepare to resuscitate the casualty.
✓Do not move casualty with suspected head
or neck injuries unnecessarily.

21. INITIAL ASSESSMENT
✓Check for consciousness.
✓Open airway.
✓Check for breathing.
✓Check for circulation.
✓Check for bleeding.

22. MAKING A DIAGNOSIS
✓The diagnosis is made on the basis of the
history and clues to any medical condition
and signs & symptoms.

23. HISTORY
✓The full story of how the incident
happened, how the injury was sustained, or
how the illness began and continued,
including any previous conditions.

24. HISTORY
✓When did the casualty last had something
to eat or drink?
✓Does the casualty have any illness or is on
any medication?
✓The amount of force involved and how was
it applied to the body?
✓The environment – was the casualty in a
hot & stuffy/cold room or exposed to wind
or rain?

25. HISTORY
✓The casualty’s age and state of health.
✓Establish who the casualty is and where he
or she lives.
✓Make a note of all information, including the
time of injury and your examination.

26. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
✓ Signs are details of a casualty’s condition
that you can see, feel, hear or smell.
✓Symptoms are sensations that the
casualty experiences, and may
be able to describe if she is
conscious.

27. LOOKING FOR SIGNS
Apply your senses
✓Look for bleeding.
✓Discoloration.
✓Deformity.
✓Feel the strength and rhythm of the pulse.
✓Listen to the breathing.
✓Look for any variation in the alignment of a bone.

28. ASSESSING SYMPTOMS
Ask the casualty if he or she has any
abnormal sensations.
✓Is there any pain?
✓Where is the pain?
✓What type of pain?
✓Any nausea, giddiness, heat, cold, weakness or
thirst?
✓Any other symptoms?

29. EXAMINING A CASUALTY
✓Expose casualty if necessary.
✓Check for any bleeding or signs of life
threatening injuries.