1. Respiration
It is defined as an intracellular process of oxidation in
which complex organic compounds are broken down in a
step wise manner with the release of energy which is
immediately converted into metabolically usable form of
energy i.e. ATP (COPIE)
2.
3. Ultrastructure of mitochondrion
It is polymorphic, usually elliptical.
Covered by double membrane, made up of
lipoproteins.
Outer membrane is smooth and permeable, inner
membrane is highly folded and selectively permeable.
The space between the membranes is called as outer
chamber which is filled with watery fluid.
The folds of inner membrane are called as cristae,
studded with F1 particles.
It encloses the inner chamber which is filled with
homogenous, proteinaceous matrix.
F1 particles can be further differentiated into Head
piece, stalk piece and base piece.
9. Pyruvic acid
Acetyl
Acetyl Co A
Oxalo acetic acid
Malic acid
Fumaric acid
Succinic acid
Citric acid
Cis aconitic acid
Isocitric acid
Oxalosuccinic acid
Keto glutaric acid
Succinyl Co A
CO2 2H
NAD
NADH2
2H
NAD
NADH2
2H
NAD
NADH2
2H
NAD
NADH2
2H
FAD
FADH2
H2O
H2O
CO2
CO2
H2O
GDP GTP
ADP ATP
14. Anaerobic Respiration
Incomplete oxidation of respiratory substrate in the
absence of Oxygen to yield carbondioxide &Ethylalcohol
is called anaerobic respiration.
Releases less amount of energy takes place in Bacteria
&Fungi.
16. Respiratory Quotient
The ratio of volume of CO2 evolved to the volume of O2
consumed in respiration is called respiratory quotient.
When carbohydrates are used as substrate and they
are completely oxidised the RQ is 1
When FATS/PROTEINS are used as substrate the RQ
is less than 1 (Fats—0.7 and Proteins– 0.9)
In case of anaerobic respiration RQ is always infinity as
CO2 is evolved without taking O2.
