TUMOR IMMUNOLOGY IS VERY ESSENTIAL TO KNOW.

1. TUMOR IMMUNOLOGY

2. OBJECTIVES
After this presentation students should be able to :
 Know the history of tumor
Differentiate between tumor and cancer
 State the
 Types of tumor
 Causes of tumor
 Developmental stages of tumor
 Symptoms of tumor
 Diagnosis of tumor
 Treatment and prevention of tumor

3. HISTORY
Hippocrates in 460 BC observed
the appearance of a cut surface
of malignant tumor with veins
stretched on all sides as the
animal crab or crayfish
He described several kinds of
cancer and named them as
karkinos (carcinos)

4. HISTORY CONT…
Celsus translated the word karkinos into cancer
In the 2nd century, a Greek Physician Galen furthered on the work of
Hippocrates
• He discovered oncology – a branch of medicine concerned with tumors
In the 16th and 17th centuries, Wilhelm Fabry –
• Cancer is caused by milk clot in the mammary duct
 Francois de la Boe Sylvius –
• Cancer is caused by acidic lymph fluid
Nicolaes Tulp –
• Cancer is a poison and it spreads

5. HISTORY CONT…
Nicolaes Tulp –
• Cancer is a poison and it spreads
In 1775 Percivall Pott identified cancer from scrotum
In 1871 Campbell De Morgan
• Surgical operation to treat cancer

6. CANCER VS TUMOR
Cancer is a disease in which cells almost anywhere in the body begin
to divide uncontrollably
Tumor is when the growth occurs in solid tisuues – organ, muscle or
bone

7. TYPES OF TUMOR
1. Benign
• This is the noncancerous tumor
that does not spread throughout
the body and does not threaten
life.
• It is mild and gentle
2. Malignant
• This is the cancerous tumor that
invades nearby tissue in the
body forming secondary tumors.
• It is harmful and injurious

8. CAUSES
 Environmental toxins  Inflammation
Injury
 Stress
Diet

9. DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
This involves 3 stages
1. Initiation
2. Promotion
3. Progress

10. SYMPTOMS
Change in bowel
Sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding
Difficulty in swallowing
Severe cough
Thickening in the breasts and
other parts
Body pains
Headache

11. DIAGNOSIS
 Neurological exams – vision,
hearing, strength, reflexes
Imaging test – Magnetic
Resonance Imaging MRI
Biopsy

12. TREATMENT
Radiation
Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy
Surgery to remove the tumor

13. PREVENTION
Avoid tobacco
Avoid alcohol
Eating healthy diet
Limit eating processed meats
Protect yourself from sun
Get immunized
Regular checkups
Regular exercise

14. THANK YOU