IMMUNOLOGICAL IMMUNODEFICIENCY

1. IMMUNODEFICIENCY
GROUP 3

2. OUTLINE
History
What is Immunodeficiency
Types of Immunodeficiency
Deficiencies under types
Allergies

3. INTRODUCTION
This condition that was initially coined as swiss
type agammaglobulinemia was renamed as severe
combined immunodeficiency (SCID) by world
health organization (WHO) in 1970. In 1954,
Robert Good discovered a fatal granulomatous
disease that is now known as chronic
granulomatous disease (CGD).

4. WHAT IS IMMUNODEFICIENCY?
It is the absence or failure of normal function of one or
more elements of the immune system
Results in immunodeficiency disease
Can be specific or non specific
Specific = Abnormalities of B & T cells
Non specific = Abnormalities of non specific components

5. IMMUNODEFICIENCY
There are types of immunodeficiency's;
Primary immune deficiency
Secondary immune deficiency

6. PRIMARY IMMUNE DEFICIENCY
These are diseases that are caused by inherited genetic
mutations
These inherited genetic mutations may be in specific or non
specific immune mechanisms
They weaken the immune system allowing infections and
other health problems to occur more easily
They can also be called Congenital Immunodeficiency's
Example are;
X-linked agammaglobulinemia(XLA)
Common variable immunodeficiency(CVID)
Severe combined immunodeficiency(SCID)

7. SECONDARY IMMUNE DEFICIENCY
A secondary immune deficiency disease occurs when the
immune system is comprised due to an environment factor.
Examples of these outside forces include HIV,
chemotherapy, severe burns or malnutrition.
Secondary immunodeficiency's also known as acquired
immunodeficiency's, can result from many
immunosuppressive agent, for example, malnutrition, aging,
particular medications.
Examples are:
AIDS
Leukemia

8. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Pinkeye
Sinus infections
Colds
Diarrhea
Yeast infection
Pneumonia

9. CAUSES
Causes of the immunodeficiency may vary
depending on the nature of the disorder
The cause may be either genetic or acquired by
malnutrition and poor sanitary conditions

10. TREATMENT
Treatment of immunodeficiency can be grouped
into two which is;
Treating the infections
Infections must be treated with antibiotics
Boosting the immune system
Using of vaccines

11. RISK FACTORS
The only known risk factor is having a family
history of a primary immune deficiency disorder,
which increases your risk of having the condition.
If you have a type of the condition, you might want
to seek genetic counselling if you plan to have a
family.

12. COMPLICATIONS
Complications caused by a primary immunodeficiency
disorder vary, depending on what type you have. They can
include:
Recurrent infections
Autoimmune disorders
Damage to heart, lungs, nervous system or digestive tract.
Slowed growth
Increased risk of cancer
Death from serious infection

13. REFERENCES
Chinen, J and Shearer, W.( 2010)
Secondary Immunodeficiencies, including HIV
infections, journal of Allergy and Clinical
Immunology, 125(2),pp.195-203
Immunodeficiency by Dr. Saul Greenberg.
Univerity of Toronto. Last updated, on February 5,
2009.