Group Presentation for PC5: Sociology of Education, M.Ed. RIE (NCERT) BBSR

1. Social Mobility
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3. What is social mobility?
Social mobility describes the movement or opportunities for
movement among different social groups, and the
advantages and disadvantages that go with this in terms of
income, security of employment, opportunities for
advancement etc. over a period of time.
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4. Some sociologists tried to define social mobility
as:
Bogardes- "Any change in social designation is social mobility.“
Fichter- "Social mobility is the movement of a person, group or
category from one social position or style to another."
Miller & Wook -“Social mobility is the movement of individual or
groups from one social class stratum to another is called social
mobility.”
P. Soroken-By social mobility is meant any transition of an
individual from one position to another in any social group.”
Pro. Peter- "Social dynamics are the changes in status, position,
occupation or / and place of residence in the social life of the
members of a society."
S. M. Dubey- "Social mobility is a very broad term which covers
either upward or downward changes in the economic, political or
occupational status of an individual or entire group." 2020©Priyamvada
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5. Why is social mobility important?
- equality of opportunity. Lack of social mobility implies
inequality of opportunity.
-economic efficiency
- Social cohesion and inclusion where people can
improve the quality of life.
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6. Types of Social Mobility
•Horizontal social mobility
•Vertical social mobility
•Inter-generational mobility
•Intra-generational mobility
•Occupational Mobility
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7. Horizontal Social Mobility
Horizontal mobility refers to switching of one position to
another without change in any social status or level.
A change from left to right or right to left.
For example: when a lecturer is transferred from one
government college to another with the same grade or pay
scale and as a teacher is horizontal mobility.
Vertical Social Mobility
Vertical mobility refers to the change in status of an individual as
moves up or down the social hierarchy.
For example: the manager of the department who is promoted to
general manager has achieved upward vertical mobility. The
promotion is accompanied by an increase in income and overall
responsibility. On the other hand, the major league, baseball
player who is sent back to the minor leagues has suffered
downward vertical mobility.
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8. Intergenerational Social Mobility
Intergenerational mobility refers to social mobility that takes place
between generations.
For example: When the daughter of a taxicab driver earns a college
education and goes on to become a successful medical doctor,
intergenerational mobility has occurred. Downward intergenerational
mobility may take place as in the case of a taxicab driver whose
father is a physician.
Intra-generational Social Mobility
Intra-generational mobility refers to a change or changes in the social
status of an individual or group of individuals within the same
generation. For example: Suppose that five children are born into one
family of rather moderate means. After high school, four of the children
enter the job market at medium-low levels, while the fifth child works
part-time while attending college. After college graduation, the fifth
child enters a major corporation at a rather high level, and after three
years, the one is promoted to a top managerial position. While he/she
has attained upward vertical mobility, his/her brothers and sisters have
remained at the same socioeconomic level.
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9. Territorial Social Mobility
Territorial social mobility is the change in locality, territory or
resistance when an individual move from one place to another
place is called territorial mobility. The trend of territorial mobility
is common in urban areas as compare to rural. In urban areas
people change one house and get another on rent, while rural
people are mostly unwilling to migrate to city and change their
residence.
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10. (i) Social mobility refers to the position or status of an
individual or group.
(ii) Social mobility changes the social status of an
individual or a group.
(iii) This change is only within the structure of a group
or society.
(iv) There is no definite direction of social mobility. It
can be upwards downwards and also parallel .It is
clear from the above definitions that when the
social status of an individual or group changes, it is
called social mobility.
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11. Thank you
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