detaile planning of delhi

1. Lutyen’s Delhi

2. Why change in Capital…?
•Political turmoil in Bengal against the proposal of Partition of Bengal by lord Curzon in 1905.
•This prompted the Government to shift its seat of power from Calcutta to Delhi.
•Coz Delhi was surrounded by amicable native states and they will be away from the rigorous criticism of the Bengali press.
•Delhi was chosen as the suitable capital…to symbolize the permanence of British rule in India…to lay claim to India’s past.
•Hence came the City of New Delhi. “Constructive and geometric qualities to manifest the law, order and governance.”

3. The Site….parameters
The Site was chosen to the South of Existing City of Shahjahanabad
Parameters:
•Health
•Questions of Sanitation
•Sentiments and Costs
•Commercial, Civil and Military requirements
•Room for Expansion
•Facilities for internal and external Communications
•Adequate Water supply

4. Planning
•Axiality
•Orientation
•Symmetry
•Vantage Point
•Highlighted Intersections
•Classicist Baroque Layout
Lord Harding, the then Viceroy of India wanted a BLEND OF INDIAN SENTIMENTS in the building of New Delhi…along with the
“simple forms,
mathematical restraint,
noble ideas from Greek art.”

7. INSPIRATIONS
Elysees, Paris Champs
Washington D.C. London

8. STAGES IN THE DESIGN
•Lutyens basic idea while designing the city was to relate past with the present.
•He tried to get the best possible view of the monuments of the city like Jama Masjid.
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3
introduction of a cross-axial plaza with two Secretariat blocks curved streets similar to Regent street in London
enlarged circus at the end of main avenue enlarged circus at the end of main avenue

9. 4 5
6 Three avenues radiating from Government House ,one towards Jama Masjid, a second towards Indrapat and a third towards Delhi gate

10. 7
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9 the main avenue in a northeast to southwest direction
main avenue north- west to southeast

11. 10
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Government House moved back in order to allow for sufficient space for the two Secretariats
Large triangular and hexagonal pattern with a square in front of Raisina Hill.

12. THE SITE
At first the assumption was that the capital would be built north rather than south of Shahjahanabad, making use of the infrastructure already there.
•In the end, however, the south was preferred for its cheaper land, more space and greater healthiness, being further form swamps.
• His selection was the low hill near the village of Raisina.

13. IMPERIAL AXIS
The defining factor for new Delhi was the neo classical imperial axis known as king’s way (now Rajpath) with viceroy’s house on one end and India on other with obelisk in between.
This Imperial Axis gives it a geometrical character. The geometry lies in its concept also all the buildings are an outcome of Geometrical forms.
KING‟S WAY

14. VARIOUS BUILDINGS
The site planning is done in such a way that the city occupies the central part of Delhi.
It have spacious avenues connecting the centers of administrative power, commerce and public services. India Gate Secretariat Rashtrapati bhawan Parliament bungalows

15. •FAULTS IN THE DESIGN: Bakers insistence that the Secretariats should be share the summits of Raisina, which was originally to be reserved for Viceroys House alone. In consequence to make space for the Secretariats, viceroys House was pushed back from the crest of the hill and so, although it is visible from a distance and from the summit, it is invisible to anyone standing at the foot of the hill.

16. GEOMETRICAL INFLUENCES
No city in the world has derived its plan structure from the geometric shapes of the equilateral triangle and the hexagram or hexagon as consistently as New Delhi.
These forms apply as much to the town plan as to the individual buildings
Lutyens’ use of triangle, hexagon and hexagram, might be explained by
membership in a freemason’s lodge, or by Jewish descent
 Lutyens was familiar with Hindu symbolism and geometry
was not totally resistant to the Viceroys desire for Mughal elements

17. INDIAN INFLUENCES
•At the outset Viceroy wanted the buildings to have a generally Indian appearance, in order to symbolize the increasing role of Indians in government; but mindful of the strong dislike for Indian traditions among British in India, he proposed a compromise style which would include Indian motifs.
•Indian architectural elements were taken
MATERIAL USED- red sandstone stone was used in most of the buildings of lutyen’s as it was locally available. chattri chajja
Sanchi stupa
Indian columns

19. Axial Planning of the City was composed in Hexagonal Grids, to integrate the Palace Complex with the existing monuments in order to take references from the remnants of the empires of the past. Viceroy’s Palace Connaught Place Jama Masjid Rajpath (King’s Way) Processional Path
India Gate
Purana Qila River Yamuna The Axes of Power Janpath (Queen’s Way) North South West
East

20. Social Stratification in the placement of Bungalows Viceroy’s Palace C.P Rajpath (King’s Way) India Gate Purana Qila
River Yamuna
Janpath (Queen’s Way) North South West East North Block South Block
Residences of Members of Council, Secretaries, Officials. Fat Indians’ Bungalows Upper Grade White Sahibs Upper Grade White Sahibs Brown Sahibs Shahjahanabad

21. “The Social Stratification got reflected in City Fabric”
•City was conceived as a segregated zone:
- positional reference with existing indigenous city of
Shahjahanabad.
- hierarchial space making within its own periphery.
•Compartmentalized zoning of various cross-sections.
•Apparent control on the Social Structure, according to their political, social and economic standing.

22. Indicators of the Status of an Accommodation in NEW DELHI
•Distance from the Government Complex
•Elevation
•Size of the Bungaow Compound
•Size of Dwelling
•Width of front road
•Name of road
•Name of area
•Name and Index of House Type
•Type and Quantity of Vegetation
•Presence and Absence of
Various facilities.

24. •Capital of –India shifted from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911
•Decision was taken in the Delhi Durbar in 1911
•Announced by king George-V on 12th December 1911.
•Enormous scale and prominent position for Governor-General‟s residence.
•British Architect Edwin Landseer Lutyens- key member in the planning process.

25. Sketches…

26. Sketches…

27. People involved: Chief Architect - Edwin Landseer Lutyens Architect – Herbert Baker Chief Engineer – Hugh Keeling Muslim Contractor – Haroun Al Rashid (main building) Sujan Singh and his son Sobha Singh (forecourt)

29. Viceroy’s Palace ( Rashtrapati Bhawan )

31. Indian Designs
• Several Circular Stone basins on top of the palace, as water features are an important part of Indian Architecture.
•Traditional Indian Chajja, which took the place of the frieze. it was a sharp, thin, protruding element which extended 8 feet from the building, and created deep shadows. It stopped harsh sunlight from getting to the windows, and also stopped rain during a monsoon season.
•On the roofline were several chattris, which helped to break up the look of the flat part of the roofline not covered by the dome.
Uncomplicated Design elements.

32. Indian Designs
•Statues of elephants and fountain sculptures of cobras in the gardens.
• Grilles made from red sandstone, called jalis or jaalis. Inspired by Indian design, but used only in small areas.
•The front of the palace, on the east side, has twelve unevenly spaced columns with the Delhi order capitals.
•The columns are made in the original „Delhi‟ order which combines vertical lines with the motif of a bell.
•These capitals have a fusion of acanthus leaves with the four pendant Indian bells.

33. Indian Designs
•The Indian temple bells are a part of the culture of Indian religions, such as Hindu and Buddhist, the idea coming from a Jain temple at Moodabidri in Karnataka.
• One bell is on each corner at the top of the column.
Viceroyal Lodge was largely completed by 1929, and (along with the rest of New Delhi)
•Officially inaugurated in 1931.
•The dome, though claimed by Lutyens to be inspired by the Pantheon of Rome, is primarily derived from the Sanchi Stupa built during the Mauryan times.
• Mughal and European colonial architectural elements.
•RASHTRAPATI BHAWAN has 340 decorated rooms
Floor area of 200,000 square feet (19,000 m²),
Built by using 700 million bricks
3 million cubic feet (85,000 m³) of stone,
The usage of steel is very minimal.

34. Secretariat Building
Houses the following ministries:
•Ministry of Defence (MoD)
•Ministry of Finance (MoF)
•Ministry of External Affairs (MEA)
•Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA)
•Prime Minister's Office (PMO)
•The Secretariat Building consists of two buildings: the North Block and the South Block. Both the buildings flank the Rashtrapati Bhavan.
•The South Block houses the Prime Minister Office, Ministry of Defence and the Ministry of External Affairs
•The North Block primarily houses the Ministry of Finance and the Home Ministry

35. Rajpath
NORTH BLOCK
SOUTH BLOCK

36. NORTH BLOCK SOUTH BLOCK