Town Planning in Ancient India

2. Mughal Period
(1526 -1707 A.D.)
. The beginning of the empire is
conventionally dated to the founder Babur's
victory over Ibrahim Lodi, the last ruler of the
Delhi Sultanate in the First Battle of Panipat
(1526).
The "classic period" of the Mughal Empire
started in 1556 with the ascension of Akbar
the Great to the throne.

3. During Mughal period various cities
and monumental structures of
architecture excellence were
constructed.
Cities like Agra, Delhi were re-
developed.
Fatehpur - Sikri was entirely planned.
Many gardens and parks were
developed.

4. Important gardens developed during
Mughal period:
o Kabul Bagh at Panipat by Babar

5. Shalimar Bagh at Kashmir by Shah Jahan

6. Indus Valley civilisation
(3000 B.C)
• The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC) was a Bronze Age
civilisation (3300–1300 BCE; mature period 2600–1900
BCE) extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan to
Pakistan and northwest India
• the Indus Civilization may have had a population of over
five million. Inhabitants of the ancient Indus river valley
developed new techniques in handicraft (carnelian
products, seal carving) and metallurgy (copper, bronze,
lead, and tin).
• The Indus cities are noted for their urban planning, baked
brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply
systems, and clusters of large non-residential buildings

7. • The Indus valley civilisation had greatly
developed as that of ancient Mesopotamia.
• The cities had highly advanced system of town
planning.
• The city of Mohenjo-Daro as shown in fig was
located on two mounds, one 1183*546m and
other 364*273 m with the population of
70,000.
• The city was built systematically.

9. • The street 9 m wide divided the city in 12 blocks
each 365*244m.
• The layout of street based on ‘Grid-iron Plan’.
• Houses were of varying sizes and storeys,
constructed with bricks walls.
• A series of rooms were arranged around an
open-to-sky central court.
• The residences has no direct entrance opening to
the main streets.

10. • Almost every house built of kiln –brick had
complete bathing establishment.
• The city had very well planned drainage
system.

11. • There were manholes located at different places for
inspection and cleaning.
• Market halls, granaries, offices were neatly planned.
• The great bath of Mohenjo-Daro had a remarkable
system of filling and emptying.
• It was made water tight with layers of bitumen, and
was surrounded by toilets and private baths.
• The Indus valley culture collapsed due to
catastrophe.

13. Thank you