Rocks as construction material

1. A SEMINAR ON
Rocks As Construction Material

2. Contents
Introduction
Properties of Building Stones
Types of Building Stones
1. Granite
2. Dolerite
3. Basalts
4. Sandstone
5. Limestone
6. Marbles
7. Laterites
8. Slate
9. Soapstone
Conclusion
Reference

3. Rocks are aggregate of minerals. Rocks are quarried
larger for used as building stones for constructing
Buildings, Dams, Bridges, Monuments and
Memorials etc…
 Since 12000 Years rocks are using for Building
shelters.
 Hence building stones should have quality and
strength to sustain stress and strain exerted by
engineering structure.

4. Colour
Mineral Composition
Texture
Porosity
Permeability
Resistance, Abrasion & Weathering
Heat Resistance

5.  In India granite rocks are common in south
India (oldest crystalline archean rocks).
 Rama Rao in 1962 writes no dearth of building
stones in Karnataka.
 Some stones from Karnataka are exported to
foreign countries.
 In Karnataka, Chitradurga dist , Tekkalakota,
Dammur, Kurgod, Hadagali of Bellary dist.
Ilkal of Bijapur dist, Belhatti of Dharwad,
Bogiramangudda, Gabbur Mudgal, Huligere,
Huliyapura, Arsikere, kukkunar of Raichur
dist, Sira of Tumkur dist,Belur of Hassan dist,
Gudibande, Shidlaghatta, Kalhalli of Kolar
dist, Ramanagar dist, Devarayanadurga,
Kunigal, Magadi, Sadarhalli, Nandagudi,
Kanakapura taluk of Bangalore dist, kollegal,
yelandur taluk of Chamarajanagar dist and
mysore dist.

6. In Tamil Nadu it occurs as charnockite (hypersthene granite).
 Tomb of Job Charnock was first identified this rock. Hence
named after charnock.It is found in abundance in Nilgiris of
T.N, Eastern and western Ghats.
It occurs in northern parts Assam, Rupavati, Anrelipranth,
Bedia and Khamba dist of Gujarat, Bilaspur and Raigarh dist
of Madhya Pradesh. Ganjam and Mayurbhanj dist of Orissa,
Jhansi dist of U.P.

7. Vidhana Soudha, Bangalore Stone Chariot, Hampi.
Vivekananda
Statue,Kanyakumari. Mahabalipuram,Tamil Nadu.

8.  It is a hypobassal group of Igneous
rock. It is hard, even surface and
ability to take polish, yielding mirror
like surface. Highly valued as
ornamental stone. Dolerite mistakenly
called black granite by the trade and
their jet black colour.
 It occurs in Kanakapura of Bangalore
dist, Arkalgud of Hassan
dist,Bangarpet of kolar
dist,chamarajanagar, Kollegal and
Yelandur of chamarajanagar dist, Sira
of Tumkur dist, Karwar of Uttar
kannada dist.

9. Vietnam War Monument,U.S.A

10.  It is a volcanic group of Igneous
rock. It is used in northern dist.
In Karnataka like Belgaum,
Bijapur, Bidar and Gulburga .
Some of the forts of Bidar and
Bijapur built out of Basalt.
Basalts are serves as excellent
road metal but they are not
usually preferred for building
purposes because of their dark
and dull colours.

11. Gateway of India,
Mumbai.
Bidar Fort, Karnataka

12.  It is a sedimentary rock, splitting
along parallel to bedding. Composed
essentially of quartz grains cemented
by siliceous, calcareous, felspathic or
ferruginous cementing matter. Fine
grained and uniform textured best
suitable for building purpose,.
 In India excellent quality of
Sandstone are found in several state.
The Vindhyan Sandstone and
Sandstone. Vindhyan Sandstone are
uppermost vindhyan age are known
excellent building stone, due to their
regular bedded formation uniform
grain size. In northern and western
India vindhyan Sandstone are used as
building stone.

13. Guntur, West Godavari ,Warangal dist of Andhra Pradesh.
Cherrapunji of Assam, Mizoram, Shahabad dist of Bihar, Kutch
and Zalawad, Sabarakantha dist of Gujarat.
Another variety of Sandstone of great beauty and durability,
obtained from upper Gondwana rocks in Orissa ( occur in the
bank of Mahanadi river).
In Karnataka it as occur in Belgaum, Bijapur and Gulbarga.
Bilaspur, Damoh, Indore, Nimar, Raigarh, Rewa, Saugar, Satna
and Shahadol dist of M.P. Ambala dist of Haryana, Patiala of
Punjab and Simla of Himachal Pradesh. Bharatpur, Bikaner,
Jaipur, Jodhpur, kota and Udaipur dist of Rajasthan.

14. Red Fort, Delhi
Puri Jagannath
Temple, Konark
Badami Caves,Bagalkot

15. Limestone  It is a sedimentary rock, can be quarried easily
and they chiefly used for buildings, because of
their light and pleasing colour. These rocks are
used as building stones in Guntur, Anantapur,
Kurnool and cuddapah dist of Andhra
Pradesh. Porbandar, Condal, Junagadh,
Navanagar of Gujarat, Raipur dist of M.P.
Jaisalmer, sirohi and Udaipur dist of
Rajasthan, Banda dist of U.P.
 In Karnataka near Bagalkot, Bijapur dist
belongs to Kaladgi group. The flaggy
limestone of Bhima group exposed in parts of
Bijapur and Gulburga dist in Shahabad.

16. Dwarka Temple,
Gujarat
Durga Temple,
Bagalkot

17.  It is a metamorphic rock .The crystalline
Limestone and Marbles of Rajasthan
belongs to Archeans. They are known as
Makrana Marble. Makrana Marbles
quarried in Jaipur. This is the best Marbles
in India.
 In India Visakhapatnam, Khammamm,
Guntur dist of Andhra Pradesh.
Banaskantha and Broach dist of Gujarat.
 Large quantities of white Marbles are found
in gorge of Narmada river close to Jabalpur
town of M.P.
 Coimbatore, Ramanathapuram and Madurai
dist of T.N, Nagaur, Alwar, Jaipur,
Jaisalmer, Pali, Sirohi dist of Rajasthan,
Dehra Dun, Mirzapur dist of U.P.
 The world best supplies of Marble come
from Carrara in Italy.

18. Victoria Memorial Hall, Kolkata
Taj Mahal ,Agra
Makrana Marble

19.  The name given to a mottled red or brown
coloured coriaceous rock with a vermicular
structure near the surface. These are found
variety of rocks which are subjected to
tropical and subtropical weathering. It is
essentially hydrated oxides of Fe and Al.
Laterites cuts into bricks and blocks when
freshly quarried, when it is exposed to air,
it becomes hard.
 In India Laterites found in coastal tracts of
Kerala, Nellore dist of Andhra Pradesh and
Ratnagiri dist of Maharashtra, Puri and
Sambalpur dist of Orissa, Midnapur dist of
West Bengal.
 In Karnataka largely found in Malnad dist
and coastal region.
used for building purpose.

20.  It is a metamorphic rock. It
can be split evenly into thin
layers. It is used for roofing
and paving in buildings.
 Slates are quarried in india
near Dharmashala in
Kangra dist of Himachal
Pradesh, Monghyar in Bihar
and Markapur on the
Nellore- Kurnool border of
A.P.

21. Slate Roof
Slate Paving

22.  It is a metamorphic rock. Grey
to black colour, soft, easily
quarried, extensively used in
erecting the great temples of the
Hoysala and Chalukya periods
of Belur, Halebeedu and
Somanathpura Carved of
Soapstone.
 It occurs in Mysore, Hassan,
Chikmagalur and Tumkur dist of
Karnataka.

23. Chennakesava Temple,
Somanathapura,Mysore
Belur Temple, Hassan

24.  The crushed stones are used in recent year for construction of
buildings, small size are used in roads, paved road.
 Some of the igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks we can
make crushed stone.

25. The buildings and ornamental stones are a
part of our culture and civilization.
Permeable rocks are considered harm full
because they cause seepage of water.
Durability of rock is directly related to its
mineral composition & texture.
The weak minerals such as Mica, Calcite
Chlorite, Talc, Pyrite, Magnetite, Clay
minerals are not durable.
India’s annual production of ornamental
stones more than 600 crores of rupees.

26. D.N.Wadia (1926) Geology of India,1st &2nd Edition , Tata
McGrow-Hill Publishing Company Limited,(pp.452-457)
 S.Krishnaswamy (1979) India`s Mineral Resources ,2nd Edition
Published by Mohan Primlani ,Oxford & IBH Publishing Co..
New Delhi, (pp.559-580)
K.M. Bangar (1995) Principles of Engineering Geology,1st Edition
Published by Nem Chand Jain ,Delhi,(pp.358-362)
Websites
http://en.wikipedia.org/building stone.
http://geology.utah.gov/geo_guides/slc_bldg_stones/pi60pg1.htm