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1. Coating made simple...
Above ground / underground & offshore non crosslinked
technology...

2. Corrosion cell and coating function
Unprotected steel Protection by coating

4. Coating selection process…
Total Cost of Ownership
Design
Construction
Commissioning
Extended oper.Operation
De-commissioning
Maintenance, a.o.
 Corrosion surveys (internal/external)
 Cathodic Protection System
Repair
Coating
CP CP CP CP CP
Coating
Coating
Coating
Coating

5. Construction phase…

6. Construction…
Stage Function Risks (may cause corrosion)
Surface preparation
• Removing contaminations:
. Corrosion
. Salt residues
. Dust
. Condensed water
• Creating anchor profile
• Preheating
 Voids and blisters in coating; ≤
100% coverage:
. Under film migration of
moisture
. Osmosis
. Cathodic disbondment
. Shielding in CP
. MIC
Coating application • 100% coverage of steel
Coating inspection
• Check for 100% coverage
of steel, e.g. spark test
 Undetected voids (shielding)
 Electrical breakdown of coating
Waiting time between
coating application
and burying
• Curing of coating?
• Logistics
 Degradation of coating due to:
. UV-radiation (sun)
. Low temperatures
(embrittlement)
. High temperatures
(phase change,
oxidation)

7. Construction…
Stage Function Risks (may cause corrosion)
Burying / pipelay
• Placing the pipe in its final
position
 Mechanical damage; voids due to:
. Hoisting
. Roller box/Stinger (offshore)
. Impact from soil loads
. Shear by soil subsidence
. Axial shear
. Lateral shear
. Puncture by sharp objects
Final inspection
• Check for coating failures,
e.g. DVCG survey
 Undetected voids

8. Overcoming the issues…
…preservation…
- Coating
- Vacuuming
- Sealing
- Encasing
- Encapsulating
… stop water and oxygen, stop oxidation (corrosion)

9. Cold flow properties of mid-molecular weight polyisobutene, PIB
… imagine liquid polyethylene…
T = 0 min. T = 40 min.

10. Why PIB and why Oppanol from BASF?
PIB retains its viscoelasticity at ambient temperature and due to its track record
with BASF since 1935, does not age or change characteristics over time.
To stop corrosion
• Water, water vapor and gas impermeability
• Tacky even at low temperatures, both glass like and porous surfaces
• Creeps into pores and adheres at molecular level
• High electrical resistance
To make is safe
• No smell, no evaporation of VOCs
• Skin irritant-free material
• Food industry approved
• Medical safe

11. … viscoelastic behavior…
• Cold flow
• Creep characteristics
• Adhesion based on Van der Waals forces, attraction of atoms
• Independent of shear
• Thickens when pressure or force applied
• Full recovery leading to self healing

12. Balance adhesion & cohesion

13. Approach…
Safety of people
- Hazardous materials - inhalation, skin irritation…
- Storage – flammable
- Equipment
Environmental impact
- Hazardous materials
- Equipment
Economic aspect
- Durability 30+
- Easy installation – downtime

14. 1965 1970 2000 2005 2010 2015
67/548/EEC
‘substances’
Into force
01-01-1970
UN ADR (1957)
Into force
29-01-1968
1999/45/EC
‘preparations’
Into force
01-08-1999
76/769/EC
‘restrictions’
Into force
27-07-1976
EC/1907/2006
‘REACH’
published
31-12-2006
Transition periods do
apply depending on
tonnage of substance
EC/1272/2008
‘GHS CLP’
Into force
20-12-2008
Transition periods do
apply
Deadline for
preparations
UN GHS rev 3
2009
UN GHS rev 4
2011
UN GHS rev 5
2013

15. Environment…
… coatings, thinners but what are the alternatives…

16. Helps the environment but what about people safety…

17. Reduce complications and increase quality…

18. Adhesion mechanism…
Paint
Mechanical
fixated tapes
& sleeves
Stopaq
compound

19. What are we coating?
… soft coating, hard coatings, asbestos, lead…
epoxyPE
Prepared Steel

20. System selector…
Substrate
Stopaq Wrapping Band
CZ – 50 deg. C
CZH – 70 deg. C
CZHT – 95 deg. C / 120 deg. C (CUI)
CL – Condensation Line
Also in Paste, putty versions
Stopaq Mechanical Protection
-Outer Wrap PVC/PP/PE
-Polyester/Vinyl ester
-GRE
-High Impact Shield (HIS)
-Outerglass XT, XT24
-Topcoat
Wrappingband Splash Zone
Wrappingband Condensation Line

21. Mechanical system selector…

22. Systems…
Backing / topcoat
Adhesive / primer
Pipe coating
Steel

23. Issues to overcome…
Foreign object

24. Pipe lay stress analysis…

25. Soil stress analysis…

26. Applications…

27. Offshore…

28. Offshore…

29. Offshore pipework…

32. Insulated pipes, CUI…

33. Specialty, rope access application…

34. Even the little things…

35. Subsea application

36. Structural steel…

37. Conformance to standards…
… standards vs innovation…
- ISO 21809-3….

38. Test panels at STOPAQ R&D center
50 cycles in climate chamber, to be compared with 40 years further in time
Internal testing…
… satisfy the solution or the standard…

39.  SHELL Global Solutions
tested and approved
 KIWA-Certified
 TUV certified
 NSF /ANSI 61 Drinking Water certified
 DVGW / OVGW certified
 PSCG, University Groningen
Smoke and toxicity report
..... ISO 21809.....
Extensively tested

40. Approvals
Shell Global Solutions - Holland
Saudi Aramco - KSA
Exxon/Mobil - USA
Nerefco - Holland
Esso – Germany
OGC - Oman
GNPOC – Sudan
TOTAL – Nigeria
BP - Azerbaijan
Conoco Philips – USA
PDO Shell - Oman
Wingas - Germany
SNGPL - Pakistan
Pemex - Mexico
Gasco / Adnoc - U.A.E.
Wintershall BV – Holland / Libya
Petrochina – China
Gaz De France- France

41. Thank you for your attention….