3. Amorphous Stopaq material, Material in which there is no long-range order of
the positions of the atoms, it forms no crystalline
regions.
Amorphous Stopaq material, Generates no stress due to crystallization or
physical aging.
Amorphous Stopaq material, Fluid like behavior due to Glass Transition
Temperature lower than –50C
Stopaq is a fully Amorphous Visco Elastic Coating
4. • n = 180 – 650
• Covalent bonds only
• No sensitive chemical groups
• Just Carbon and Hydrogen
• No possibility to crosslink
the polymer chain
Intrinsic properties of polyisobutene
Stopaq consists of a pure polymer
called Polyisobutene
5. Properties of polyisobutene based Wrappingband
Physical property Intrinsic target effect
Polymer consists only of Carbon and
Hydrogen
Chemically very resistant, not bio-
available, non-toxic, inert, amorphous
No double bonds or other chemical
functions for crosslinking reactions
Remains visco-elastic forever,
cold flow (self-healing) effect, no ageing
effect
Adhesion strength to metal and metal
oxides
High, sticks to nearly every material
Cohesion strength to itself Weaker than adhesion strength
Tacky without solvent Physical bonding mechanism (van-der-
Waals forces)
Extremely low permeability for moisture
and oxygene & air
Safe protection against corrosion,
no penetration or undercreep of
moisture and oxygene possible
6. Fe Reagent
° water
° Salt
° Any conductive material
O2
or
Bacteria
STOPAQ acts as an absolute barrier
Corrosion elements
7. 7
Coating defects (1)
Loss of adhesion at
overlap of tape
Poor application of heat shrinkable
sleeve
Damage caused by
soil loading
Stone damage
Stress cracking
Mechanical damage
Pictures taken from:
Macaw’s Pipeline Defects, ISBN 0-9544295-0-8
9. 9
Stopaq coating systems – Brief introduction
Consists of at least 2 materials with different functions:
• Corrosion prevention: Stopaq Wrappingband CZH
• Mechanical protection: Stopaq Outer Mechanical Protection options
Girth
weld
Linepipe
Coating
Coating
cutback
Stopaq Wrappingband
CZH
Stopaq Mechanical
Outer Protection
10. 10
Stopaq coating systems – Brief introduction
Stopaq Wrappingband CZH:
Compound based on pure polyisobutylene, which has a number of advantageous
properties:
• Liquid with high viscosity:
→ cold flow properties, advantageous for 100% coverage
• Very low permeability for water and oxygen:
→ advantageous for corrosion prevention
• No reactive chemical groups:
→ chemical resistance, resistance to ageing and weathering
• Adhesion by vanderWaals forces:
→ Surface preparation not critical for proper adhesion
→ Excellent adhesion to various subtrates like steel, PE, PP, FBE, etc at
molecular level thereby preventing undercreep and disbondment.
11. What is important in a system?
System must be highly impermeable, (gas, water and oxygen tight)
System must have excellent adhesion & cohesion, to any
substrate.
System should not disbond.
System should not create internal stress,
System must have excellent UV and weathering characteristics
System must conform to any shape
System must have resistance to mechanical impact and ideally
when damaged self-heal
System must be safe to work with – easy to apply
System should not be critical to surface preparation
System must be environmentally friendly
System must be Chemically resistant
System must withstand the test of time
12. 12
Testing of resistance to cathodic disbondment – STOPAQ
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
“Conventional”
coatings
Stopaq
coating
systems
> 20 mm
0 mm (-3 mm)
13. 13
Coating ageing tests – Stopaq coating systems SHELL GLOBAL SOLUTIONS
Coating system:
• Stopaq Wrappingband CZH
• Stopaq Outerwrap PVC
HWI 100 days @90°C
• Adhesion test: 100%
• Self healing: 100% within 24 hrs.
Conclusion:
Even after severe ageing, Stopaq
coating systems will not show
cathodic disbondment.
Values compared to non-aged samples
14. • Self healing
• Cold Flow
• Permanently
flexible
• Non curing
• Non ageing
Green composition
Protected by
Tape,Sleeve,
PU-infill,
Concrete,
GRE, paint
PE etc
Self-healing systems
Flanges, Valves,
Joints, T-joints
Jetty piles, Oil wells
Casings,Tanks,
Manholes, Risers,
CP anodes, etc
Pipeline objects
WHY – HOW – WHAT: STOPAQ
15. • Pure PIB based
• No double bonds
• Excellent balance in
adhesion and
cohesion by itself
• TG of -67c (visco-
elastic behaviour)
Properties Features Benefits
• Non-cross-linkable
• Immediate and permanent
stick to steel, PE,PP, FBE
PU, Bitugard etc
• Chemically inert
• High dielectric strength
• Impermeable
• Good insulation properties
• Flexible
• Cold applied
• HT resistance 95c
• Non-toxic
• Safe & harmless
• Simple to apply; no primer
• No blasting required
• Immediate backfill
• No cathodic disbondment
• No osmosis
• No mic
• Self-healing systems
INTRINSIC COATING TECHNOLOGY DRIVEN
16. Approvals....some
Shell BV - Holland
Saudi Aramco - KSA
Exxon/Mobil - USA
Petro Energy - Sudan
Esso – Germany
Oman Gas Company
GNPOC – Sudan
TOTAL
Gasunie - Holland
Conoco Philips – USA
PDO Shell - Oman
Wingas - Germany
SNGPL - Pakistan
Permex - Mexico
Gasco / Adnoc - U.A.E.
Wintershall BV – Holland / Libya
BP – Azerbaijan
17. SHELL Global Solutions
tested and approved
KIWA-Certified
TUV certified
NSF Drinking Water certified
OVGW Austria certified
PSCG, University Groningen
ISO approval and inclusion
Extensively tested
Some examples:
