just for educational proposes

2. COMPUTER
HARDWARE

3. COMPUTER HARDWARE
INCLUDES THE PHYSICAL,
TANGIBLE PARTS OR
COMPONENTS OF A
COMPUTER, SUCH AS SYSTEM
UNIT, MONITOR, KEYBOARD,
MOUSE, AND MANY MORE.

4. COMPUTER MOUSE
• A HAND-HELD POINTING DEVICE THAT DEFECTS TWO-
DIMENSIONAL MOTION RELATIVE TO A SURFACE.
• THIS MOTION IS TYPICALLY TRANSLATED INTO THE
MOTION OF A POINTER ON A DISPLAY, WHICH ALLOWS
A SMOOTH CONTROL OF THE GRAPHICAL USER
INTERFACE.

5. COMPUTER KEYBOARD
• AN INPUT DEVICE USED TO ENTER CHARACTERS AND
FUNCTIONS, OR KEYS.
• IT IS THE PRIMARY DEVICE USED TO ENTER TEXT.
• CONTAINS KEYS FOR INDIVIDUAL LETTERS, NUMBERS AND
SPECIAL CHARACTERS.

6. COMPUTER MONITOR
• AN OUTPUT DEVICE THAT DISPLAYS INFORMATION IN
PICTORIAL FORM.
• USUALLY COMPRISES THE DISPLAY DEVICE, CIRCUITY,
CASING, AND POWER SUPPLY.

7. SYSTEM UNIT
• THE MAIN PART OF A DESKTOP
• TOWER OR CHASIS
• INCLUDES THE MOTHERBOARD, CPU,
RAM AND OTHER COMPONENTS.

8. POWER SUPPLY UNIT (PSU)
• THE COMPONENTS THAT SUPPLIES POWER TO A COMPUTER.
• MOST PERSONAL COMPUTERS CAN BE PLUGGED INTO STANDARD
ELECTRICAL OUTLETS. THE POWER SUPPLY THEN PULLS THE REQUIRED
AMOUNT OF ELECTRICITY AND CONVERTS THE AC CURRENT TO DC
CURRENT.
• IT REGULATES THE VOLTAGE TO
ELIMINATE SPIKES AND SURGES
COMMON IN MOST ELECTRICAL
SYSTEMS.

9. OPTICAL DISK DRIVE (CD OR DVD ROM/ODD)
• A DEVICE THAT USES PHOTO DIODES TO DETECT REFLECTING LIGHTS ON OPTIC
DISCS.
• USES LASER TO READ OR WRITE DATA.

10. FLOPPY DISK DRIVE (FLOPPY DRIVE/FFD)
• A DISK DRIVE THAT CAN READ AND WRITE TO FLOPPY DISKS.
• A COMPUTER DISK DRIVE THAT ENABLES A USER TO SAVE DATA TO REMOVABLE
DISKETTES.

11. HARD DISK DRIVE (HARD DRIVE/HDD)
• MAIN STORAGE DEVICE USED TO STORE ALL THE DATA PERMANENTLY.
• COMMONLY, HARD DRIVES ARE PERMANENTLY PLACED IN AN INTERNAL
DRIVE BAY AT THE FRONT OF THE SYSTEM CASE. BUT NOWADAYS,
THERE ARE PORTABLE WHICH USE USB PORTS AND CABLES FOR
CONNECTION.

12. INTEGRATED DRIVE ELECTRONICS (IDE)
• GENERALLY, IT REFERS TO THE TYPES OF CABLES AND PORTS USED TO CONNECT
SOME HARD DRIVES AND OPTICAL DRIVES TO EACH OTHER AND TO THE
MOTHERBOARD.
• A STANDARD TYPE OF CONNECTION FOR STORAGE DEVICES IN A COMPUTER.

13. RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)
• PERSONAL COMPUTER MEMORY MODULE.
• A PIECE OF HARDWARE THAT ALLOWS STORED DATA TO BE ACCESSED RANDOMLY.
ITS MAIN FUNCTION IS TO STORE THE DATA TEMPORARILY.

14. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
• OFTEN REFFERED AS THE BRAIN OF THE COMPUTER.
• HANDLES ALL INSTRUCTIONS IT RECEIVES FROM THE HARDWARE AND SORFTWARE
RUNNING ON THE COMPUTER.

15. EXPANSION CARD (ADD-ON OR INTERFACE CARD)
• AN ELECTRONIC BOARD OR CARD ADDED IN A PERSONAL COMPUTER SO THE
COMPUTER WILL HAVE NEW FUNCTIONS.
• AN EXPANSION CARD IS USED TO GIVE A
COMPUTER ADDITIONAL CAPABILIES, SUCH A
ENHANCED VIDEO PERFORMANCE VIA A
GRAPHICS CARD.

16. VIDEO CARD (GRAPHIC CARD/DISPLAY ADAPTER)
• A HARD COMPONENT USE TO GENERATE AND DISPLAY THE OUTPUT IMAGES TO A
COMPUTER MONITOR.
TYPES
• PCI – PERIPHERAL COMPONENT INTERCONNECT
• AGP – ACCELERATED GRAPHIC PORT

17. CONNECTORS

18. 20 ATX PIN CONNECTOR
CONNECTS THE POWER SUPPLY TO A PARTICULAR MOTHERBOARD. ATX
MOTHERBOARDS ARE ATTACHED WITH 20 OR 24 PIN CONNECTORS

19. CPU CONNECTOR
USED TO CONNECT POWER SUPPLIES TO MOTHERBOARDS WITH ON BOARD
COMPUTER PROCESSING UNITS(CPU’S). THESE ARE EITHER 4 (“P4”) OR 8 PIN
CONNECTORS.

20. MOLEX CONNECTOR
THE IDE CONNECTOR THAT CONNECTS TO HARD DRIVES AND CD ROM DRIVES. MOST
COMPUTER POWER SUPPLIES INCLUDE AT LEAST ONE OF THESE CONNECTORS

21. FLOPPY CONNECTOR
4 PIN CONNECTOR USED TO SUPPLY POWER TO FLOPPY DRIVES, CARD READER DRIVES,
AND OTHER SIMILAR DEVICES.

22. AUX CONNECTOR
6 PIN CONNECTOR THAT IS A NECESSARY CONNECTION FOR SOME COMPUTER
MOTHERBOARDS.

23. SATA CONNECTOR
CONNECTORS FOR DEVICES USING SERIAL ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY ATTACHMENT
(SATA) INTERFACES, SUCH AS HARD DRIVES.

24. PCI EXPRESS CONNECTOR
USED TO CONNECT TO PCI EXPRESS VIDEO CARDS, WHICH RECEIVE POWER DIRECTLY
FROM THE POWER SUPPLY RATHER THAN FROM THE MOTHERBOARD

26. PARTS OF
MOTHERBOARD

27. COMPUTER MOTHERBOARD
A MOTHERBOARD (SOMETIMES ALTERNATIVELY
KNOWN AS THE MAIN CIRCUIT BOARD, SYSTEM
BOARD, BASEBOARD, PLANAR BOARD OR LOGIC
BOARD, OR COLLOQUIALLY, A MOBO) IS THE MAIN
PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD (PCB) FOUND IN
GENERAL PURPOSE COMPUTERS AND OTHER
EXPENDABLE SYSTEMS.

29. CPU SOCKET
• HOLDS THE CPU
• ALLOWS THE PROCESSOR TO BE CONNECTED TO THE MOTHERBOARD

30. MEMORY SLOT
• ALLOWS COMPUTER MEMORY (RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY) TO BE INSERTED INTO
THE COMPUTER
• THERE MAY BE 2 TO 4 MEMORY SLOTS AND ARE WHAT DETERMINE THE TYPR OF
RAM USED WITH THE COMPUTER

31. SERIAL ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
ATTACHMENT (SATA) SLOTS
• A COMPUTER BUS INTERFACE THAT CONNECTS HOST BUS ADAPTERS TO MAS
STORAGE DEVICES SUCH AS HARD DISK DRIVES, OPTICAL DRIVES, AND SOLID STATE
DRIVES

32. READ-ONLY MEMORY (ROM)
• A STORAGE MEDIUM THAT IS USED WITH COMPUTERS AND OTHER ELECTRONIC
DEVICES. AS THE NAME INDICATES, DATA STORED IN ROM MAY ONLY BE READ.

33. CPU FAN AND HEAT SINK
• AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE THAT CAN KEEP THE PROCESSOR COOL

34. COMPLEMENTARY METAL-OXIDE
SEMICONDUCTOR (CMOS)
• AN ON-BOARD, BATTERY POWERED SEMICONDUCTOR CHIP INSIDE COMPUTERS
THAT STORES INFORMATION WHICH RANGES FROM THE SYSTEM TIME AND DATE
TO SYSTEM HARDWARE SETTING FOR YOUR COMPUTER.

35. BASIC INPUT OUTPUT SYSTEM (BIOS)
• A CHIP LOCATED ON ALL MOTHERBOARDS THAT ALLOWS YOU TO ACCESS AND SET
UP YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM AT THE MOST BASIC LEVEL

36. NORTHBRIDGE
RESPONSIBLE FOR COMMUNICATIONS
BETWEEN THE CPU INTERFACE, AGP,
AND THE MEMORY.
SOUTHBRIDGE
RESPONSIBLE FOR THE HARD DRIVE
CONTROLLER, I/O CONTROLLER AND
INTEGRATED HARDWARE. INTEGRATED
HARDWARE CAN INCLUDE THE SOUND
CARD AND VIDEO CARD IF ON THE
MOTHERBOARD USB, PCI, BIOS, AND
ETHERNET

37. PERIPHERAL COMPONENT INTERCONNECT
(PCI) SLOT
• USED BY THE COMPUTER TO CONNECT TO PERIPHERAL ADD-ON DEVICES (LAN
CARD, VGA CARD).

38. ACCELERATED GRAPHIC PORT (AGP) SLOT
• AN ADVANCED PORT DESIGNED FOR VIDEO CARDS AND 3D ACCELERATORS.

39. ATX POWER CONNECTOR
• THE STANDARD MOTHERBOARD POWER CONNECTOR
• THE HOLES ON THE POWER CONNECTOR ARE KEYED TO ENSURE PROPER
ORIENTATION WHEN CONNECTING THE ATX POWER CONNECTOR.

40. PRIMARY CONNECTOR (HARD DISK DRIVE)
USED TO CONNECT THE HARD DISK DRIVE (HDD)
SECONDARY CONNECTOR (OPTICAL DISK
DRIVE)
USED TO CONNECT THE OPTICAL DISK DRIVE (ODD)
FLOPPY DISK DRIVE (FDD) CONNECTOR
USED TO CONNECT THE OPTICAL DISK DRIVE

42. SUPER I/O (INPUT/OUTPUT)
• HANDLES THE SLOWER AND LESS PROMINENT INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES SHOWN
BELOW:
• FLOPPY DISK DRIVE CONTROLLER
• GAME PORT
• KEYBOARD/MOUSE
• PARALLEL AND SERIAL PORT
• CMOS

44. CAPACITOR
• STORES THE ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND GIVE THIS ENERGY AGAIN TO THE CIRCUIT
WHEN NECCESSARY

45. AUDIO CODEC
• USED TO CONVERT DIGITAL SOUND WAVES

46. BACK PANEL
• THE PORTION OF THE MOTHERBOARD THAT ALLOWS YOU TO CONNECT EXTERNAL
DEVIOCES SUCH AS YOUR MONITOR, SPEAKERS, KEAYBOARD, MOUSE AND OTHERS

47. {

48. GROUP 4 – TVL-IIB
GIAN ANGELO MICO
STEFFANY LOPERA
RUTH CUASAY
NINO DE GALICIA
MARION ACOPIO
ANSIL CARINGAL
PHILIP HERNANDEZ
ADRIAN GUTIERREZ