3. Introduction
A desktop computer, also known as a personal computer or PC, is a
type of computer that is designed to sit on a desk or table and be
used in a stationary position. Desktop computers typically consist of
a separate monitor, keyboard, and mouse, along with a central
processing unit (CPU) or tower that contains the computer's internal
components such as the motherboard, hard drive, and RAM.
Desktop computers come in various sizes and configurations,
ranging from basic models designed for home or office use, to high-
performance models used for gaming, graphic design, or other
demanding applications. They can run various operating systems
such as Windows, macOS, and Linux.
Desktop computers offer several advantages over other types of
computers, such as laptops and tablets, including more powerful
hardware, greater expandability, and easier upgrades and repairs.
They are also typically more affordable than laptops with similar
specifications, making them a popular choice for many users.
Presentation Title
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8. 8
Also called a power supply unit (PSU)
Power supply pulls the required amount of
electricity and converts AC current to DC
current
Also regulates the voltage to eliminate
spikes
and surges
Rated in terms of the number of watts
they
generate
Power Supply(SMPS)
9. A motherboard, also known as a
mainboard, system board, or logic
board, is the primary circuit board in
a computer that connects and allows
communication between all of the
computer’s components, including
the central processing unit (CPU),
memory (RAM), storage devices (hard
drive, SSD), graphics card, and other
peripherals. The motherboard
provides a platform for these
components to work together and
communicate with each other. It also
contains various input/output (I/O)
ports and connectors, such as USB
ports, Ethernet ports, audio jacks,
and expansion slots for adding
additional components to the system.
The motherboard is a crucial
component of a computer, as it
determines the type and
compatibility of components that can
be used, and it also affects the
overall performance and capabilities
of the system
10. PROCESSORS
• A processor, also known as a central processing
unit (CPU
• Processors come in different architectures, such
as x86, ARM, and RISC-V, and different
manufacturers, such as Intel, AMD, and
Qualcomm.
• Processors are made up of several components,
including the control unit, the arithmetic logic unit,
the registers, and the cache memory.
• The clock speed of a processor, measured in
gigahertz (GHz), determines how many
instructions it can execute per second. However,
clock speed alone doesn't necessarily indicate the
overall performance of a processor, as other
factors such as the number of cores and cache
size also play a role.
• Modern processors typically have multiple cores,
which allow them to execute multiple tasks
simultaneously.
• Processors use instruction sets, such as x86 or
ARM instruction sets, to understand and execute
commands given by software programs.
• Processors have evolved over time, with new
generations and architectures introducing
improvements in performance, power efficiency,
and features such as integrated graphics and
artificial intelligence capabilities
11. RAM -Random Access
Memory
RAM stands for Random Access Memory and
is a type of computer memory that allows
data to be accessed randomly, meaning any
piece of data can be accessed without
having to access the previous data.
RAM is volatile, which means that it
requires a constant supply of power to
retain its data. Once the power is turned
off, all data stored in RAM is lost.
The amount of RAM a computer has can
affect its performance, as more RAM allows
for more programs to be run simultaneously
and can improve overall speed and
responsiveness.
RAM is typically measured in gigabytes (GB)
and can be upgraded or replaced in most
computers.
Different types of RAM include SDRAM,
DDR, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4,and DDR 5 each
with varying speeds and capacities.
14. Things to Prepare before Assembly
• Anti-static wrist strap
• Set of screwdrivers and pliers
• Piece of cloth
• CPU Thermal compound (recommended)
• PC components
15. Step 1: Installing the motherboard
• Make sure you have all the components
in place and a nice, clean and big enough
place to work with.
• Put your antic-static wrist strap on to
prevent your components from getting
affected. Make sure your hands are clean
before starting.
• Unscrew and open the side doors of the
cabinet
• Lay the cabinet on its side
• Put the motherboard in place
• Drive in all the required screws on the
motherboard screw mounting points.
16. Step 2: Installing the CPU
• CPU is the heart of a computer so make sure you handle it
properly and do not drop it or mishandle it.
• DO NOT touch the pins.
• Get hold of your motherboard and CPU manual
• There is a golden mark on the CPU to help you assist. Consult
both your motherboard and CPU manual to see which position it
fits exactly
• Lift the CPU lever on the motherboard
• Place the CPU properly on the motherboard
• Pull down the lever to secure the CPU in place
17. Step 3: Installing the heat sink
• After installing the processor we
proceed to installing the heat sink.
There are different kinds of heat sinks
that are bundled with the processor
and each has a different way of
installation.
• Place the heat sink on the processor
• Secure the heat sink with the lever or
screws.
• After this you will need to connect the
cable of the heat sink fan on the
motherboard. Again look into the
motherboard manual on where to
connect it and then connect it to the
right port to get your heat sink in
operational mode.
18. Step 4: Installing the RAM
• The newer RAMs ie. DDR RAMs are easy to install as you don’t
have to worry about placing which side where into the slot.
• DDR RAM terminals are split into 2 lengths to fit in to the RAM
connector.
• Push down the RAM into the slot
• Make sure the both the clips hold the RAM properly
19. Step 5: Installing the power supply
• We will now install the power
supply as the components we install
after this will require power cables
to be connected to them.
• Place the PSU into the case bracket
• Put the screws in place tightly
20. Step 6: Installing the video card
• First you will need to find out whether your video
card is AGP or PCI-E. AGP graphics cards have
become redundant and are being phased out of
the market quickly.
• Remove the back plate on the case corresponding
to the graphics card
• Push the card into the slot
• Secure the card with a screw
• Plug in the power connection from PSU (if
required)
• High-end graphics cards need dedicated power
supply usually a 4/6 pin plug.
21. Step 7: Installing the hard disk
• Hard disks are fragile and needs to handled
carefully.
• Place the hard drive into the bay
• Secure the drive with screws
• Connect the power cable from PSU to hard disk
• Connect the PATA (IDE) or SATA cable from
motherboard into the drive
22. Step 9: Connecting various cables
• You will need to consult your motherboard manual
for finding the appropriate port for connecting
various cables at the right places on the
motherboard.
• Connect the large ATX power connector to the
power supply port on your motherboard
• Next get hold of the smaller square power
connector which supplies power to the processor
and connect it to the appropriate port by taking
help from your motherboard manual
• Connect the ATX case cables for power,reset
button in the appropriate port of the motherboard
• Connect the front USB/audio panel cable in the
motherboard
• Plug the cable of ATX case cooling fans
23. Step 10:
• Get the rest of the PC components like monitor,
keyboard, mouse, speakers etc. which we will
connect now.
• Connect the VGA cable of the monitor into the
VGA port
• If mouse/keyboard are PS/2 then connect them to
PS/2 ports or else use the USB port
• Connect the speaker cable in the audio port
• Plug in the power cable from PSU into the UPS
• Also plug in the power cable of the monitor
• DOUBLE CHECK ALL CABLES BEFORE POWER ON
the PC!
24. Step 11: Installing the OS and drivers
• Insert OS USB Drive .
• Set the first boot device to OS USB Drive in Bios
• Reboot the PC
• Install the OS
• Install drivers Needed(applicable only to Windows OS)
• All Done! PC is now ready to use!
