Fauvism was an early 20th century avant-garde art movement known for its bold, bright colors and painterly brushwork. Led by Henri Matisse and Andre Derain, the Fauves sought to express emotion through non-naturalistic colors, earning them the nickname "les Fauves" or "wild beasts" from critic Louis Vauxcelles. Some prominent Fauvist works include Matisse's Open Window and Woman with a Hat, and Derain's The Drying Sails and Charing Cross Bridge.